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ISMRT Education Session

ISMRT Poster Presentations (no CME credit)

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AMPC Selected Abstracts

Exhibition Halls D/E - For viewing only, no assign presentation times

Monday 0:00 - 0:00

0009		Deuterium Metabolic Imaging (DMI) for 3D Mapping of Glucose Metabolism in Humans with Central Nervous System Lesions at 3T
		Philip M. Adamson¹, Keshav Datta², Ron Watkins², Lawrence Recht³, Ralph Hurd², and Daniel Spielman²
		¹Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States, ²Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States, ³Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
		Keywords: Deuterium, Deuterium DMI is an emerging modality for investigating glucose metabolism in vivo with application for assessing the Warburg effect in tumors. Although high-field systems, e.g. 7T, provide maximal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), implementation on widely available 3T scanners could have immediate clinical impact. Here we explore the potential of 3T DMI using a birdcage ²H RF coil in two healthy volunteers and three patients with CNS lesions of varying pathology. Results from these experiments demonstrate the potential to examine the Warburg effect in CNS lesions with DMI at 3T and provide critical data needed to explore DMI SNR and spatial resolution limits.

0031		Iron accumulation and MRI iron contrast are not driven by amyloid plaques in posterior cortical atrophy
		Evgeniya Kirilina¹, Luke Edwards¹, Carsten Jäger^1,2, Tilo Reinert¹, Anna Jauch¹, Malte Brammerloh^1,3, Karl-Heinz Herrmann⁴, Patrick Scheibe¹, Felix Büttner^1,3, Dennis Brückner⁵, Gerald Falkenberg⁵, Jürgen R. Reichenbach⁴, and Nikolaus Weiskopf¹
		¹Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany, ²Paul Flechsig Institute - Center of Neuropathology and Brain Research, Leipzig, Germany, ³Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany, ⁴Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany, ⁵PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
		Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, Contrast Mechanisms, iron, plaques, posterior cortical atrophy, cortex We combined ultra-high resolution quantitative MRI, X-ray fluorescence, and biophysical modeling to study iron-induced MRI contrast in the visual cortex of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its variant posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). The iron content of amyloid plaques in patients with PCA and AD exceeded the iron concentration in the surrounding tissue by less than 15%, constituting only a minor contribution to the intracortical T2* contrast. The elevated levels of brain iron detected by iron-sensitive MRI contrasts are not indicative of plaques but may reflect other processes, such as inflammation or leakage in the blood-brain barrier.

0039		Total and regional brain volumes in fetuses with congenital heart disease
		Daniel Cromb^1,2, Alena Uus^1,2, Milou Van Poppel³, Johannes Steinweg³, Alexandra Bonthrone^1,2, Alessandra Maggioni¹, Paul Cawley^1,4, Vanessa Kyriakopoulou¹, Jacqueline Matthew¹, Anthony Price^1,2, A David Edwards^1,2, Maria Deprez^1,2, Joseph V Hajnal^1,2, David F Lloyd^1,3,5, Kuberan Pushparajah^1,3,5, John Simpson^1,3,5, Mary Rutherford^1,4, and Serena J Counsell^1,2
		¹Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ³Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁴MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁵Paediatric Cardiology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Fetal, Brain, Brain Volumes, Congenital Heart Disease Total and regional brain volumes, derived from automatically segmented, motion-corrected, 3D fetal brain MR images were obtained in 45 healthy fetuses and 305 fetuses with isolated congenital heart disease (CHD) in the third trimester. Total brain tissue, cortical and deep grey matter, and white matter volumes are significantly lower in fetuses with CHD where cerebral oxygenation and substrate delivery are likely to be reduced. Brain volumes appear normal in fetuses with CHD but an otherwise expected normal cerebral oxygenation.

0041		Development of Infant Brain Functional Connectome Gradients during Age 0-6 Years
		Xinyi Cai¹, Lianghu Guo¹, Mianxin Liu¹, Feihong Liu¹, Jiawei Huang¹, Jiameng Liu¹, Qing Yang¹, Lang Mei¹, Tianli Tao¹, Zhuoyang Gu¹, Xiaozhao Liu¹, Yuxiao Liu¹, Xiangnan Tian¹, Qian Chen¹, Ruoming Wang¹, Yizhou Shi¹, Qian Wang¹, Han Zhang¹, and Dinggang Shen¹
		¹School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Normal development, Brain, Infant Studies have revealed a particular functional connectome gradient (FC-grad) pattern in the human brain, reflecting delicate organization of brain connectome. Interestingly, the pattern can be observed along childhood-adolescent, even in neonates. However, FC-grad changes from infancy to childhood remain unraveled, with significant disparities between neonates and school-aged children not explained. We explored the early development trajectories of the FC-grads between age 0-5 years. We found that the neonatal “prototypic” connectome gradients undergoes rapid changes in this period, especially the first 12 months, reflecting maturing functional integration. Our study filled the gap of FC-grad development in early infancy.

0044		Causal evidence for cerebello-limbic-striatal circuit dynamics supporting depression
		Ruiping Zheng¹, Jingliang Cheng¹, and Yong Zhang¹
		¹MRI, the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university, zhengzhou, henan, China
		Keywords: Adolescents, Neuroscience, Resting-state functional connectivity The striatum is known to be impaired in MDD patients. Abnormal structure or function of the striatum may disturb the top-down regulation of negative emotions among persons more vulnerable to developing depressive state, especially adolescent. Here, we investigated (1) voxel-wise FC between the striatal nucleus and the whole brain; (2) region of interest wise effective connectivity using DCM analysis, according to the between-group differences in FC of the striatal nucleus. We found decreased FC in cerebello-limbic-striatal circuit, and further DCM analysis showed the dysregulation of vrPUT nucleus disturb the top-down regulation of cerebello-limbic-striatal circuit during reward processing in adolescent MDD.

0045		Motion robust MR Fingerprinting scans for non-sedated infant imaging
		Chaitra Badve¹, Jessie EP Sun², Ameya Nayate¹, Michael Wien¹, Douglas Martin¹, Jared Durieux¹, Chris Flask², Deanne Wilson Costello³, and Dan Ma⁴
		¹Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States, ²Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, ³Neonatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁴Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
		Keywords: Neonatal, MR Fingerprinting The 5 min high resolution MRF scans coupled with low-rank iterative reconstruction successfully generated perfectly co-registered T1, T2 maps, synthetic MR contrast images, R1R2 maps, and myelin water fraction maps. Image Quality Assessment analysis with three pediatric neuroradiologists found that MRF based synthetic T1w and T2w images quality were superior in quality to MRI T1w and T2w (p<.0001) with lower image artifacts in the MRF synthetic images as compared to standard of care MRI. MRF T1w images demonstrated better myelin visualization compared to clinical T1w, and MRF T2w demonstrated improved tissue structure visualization as compared to clinical T2w images.

0047		Macrovasculature-suppressed ASL MRI in neonates: quantification of cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time
		Zhiyi Hu¹, Dengrong Jiang², Jennifer Shepard³, Yuto Uchida², Kenichi Oishi², Peiying Liu^2,4, Doris Lin², Vivek Yedavalli², Aylin Tekes², W. Christopher Golden³, and Hanzhang Lu^1,2,5
		¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ²Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ³Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁴Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁵F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
		Keywords: Neonatal, Perfusion A prominent feature in neonatal cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement is the hyperperfusion in the deep brain region. Given the rich presence of large arteries in this region, it is plausible that macrovascular artifacts may play a major role in the hyperintense signals observed. This study presented a new MRI technique, pCASL with arterial suppression and flow suppression (AFS-pCASL) to minimize the macrovascular artifacts in neonates. We demonstrated that macrovascular artifacts in neonatal pCASL can be substantially suppressed, from which quantitative CBF and arterial transit time can be measured when applying the sequence in a multi-delay setting.

0050		Optimization of the T2-weighted MRI contrast in 0-6-month-old infant brain based on extended phase graph theory
		Jiani Wu¹, Hongxi Zhang², Haotian Li¹, Siyifei Wang¹, Xingwang Yong¹, and Dan Wu¹
		¹Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, ²Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
		Keywords: Pulse Sequence Design, Contrast Mechanisms 3D T2-weighted MRI using fast spin-echo (FSE) with variable flip angles has been widely for anatomical imaging. However, 3D FSE of infant brains exhibits poor contrast due to the inherently close and rapidly changing T2 relaxation times between white matter and grey matter. Here we proposed an extended-phase-graph-based method to optimize the flip angles in FSE sequence for maximizing the white/grey matter contrast in 0 to 6 month-old infant brains at 3T, based on T2 values acquired from 37 infant brains. Results demonstrated improved relative contrasts in infant brains by 1.6-2 folds at different ages in different regions of interest.

0056		Respiratory-motion-corrected simultaneous 3D T1, T2, and fat-fraction mapping at 0.55T, for comprehensive characterization of liver tissue
		Donovan Tripp¹, Karl P Kunze^1,2, Michael Crabb¹, Radhouene Neji^1,2, Claudia Prieto^1,3, and René Botnar^1,3,4
		¹School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Camberley, United Kingdom, ³School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ⁴Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
		Keywords: Liver, Low-Field MRI Through T₁, T₂, and fat fraction mapping, MRI is a formidable tool for the comprehensive assessment of liver health, but has been held back by slow, 2D, single-parameter mapping sequences. We propose a novel respiratory-motion-corrected framework to acquire all three of these maps from a single 6.5-minute scan, on the latest generation of 0.55T scanner. The resulting maps are 3D, with 3 mm isotropic resolution, and co-registered, making them suitable for multiparametric assessment of tissue health. Liver joint T₁, T₂, and fat fraction maps are in good agreement with reference values and first in-vivo scans provide promising image quality.

0069		What if every voxel was measured with a different diffusion protocol?
		Santiago Coelho¹, Gregory Lemberskiy¹, Ante Zhu², Nastaren Abad², Thomas K. F. Foo², Els Fieremans¹, and Dmitry S. Novikov¹
		¹Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, ²GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States
		Keywords: Data Processing, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques A naive answer to this question is to loop over all voxels re-do the training and apply machine learning estimators of your favorite model. This is grossly computationally inefficient. We propose a matrix pseudoinversion-based method that can estimate nonlinear biophysical model parameters from a large set of voxels with independent acquisition protocols in a few minutes. Our framework can be tailored to any convolution-based model. Furthermore, the protocols are not required to have shells and there are no limits to the protocol differences among voxels. This method is readily extendable for simultaneously varying diffusion times, B-tensor shapes, TE, etc.

0096		Fibromyalgia associates with pain-promoting and inhibitory functional connectivity of the default mode network in psoriatic arthritis.
		Kristian Stefanov¹, Flavia Sunzini¹, Salim Al-Wasity¹, Steven Harte², Richard Harris³, Daniel J. Clauw², Gordon Waiter⁴, Jonathan Cavanagh¹, and Neil Basu¹
		¹School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, ²Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, ³University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, ⁴Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Brain Connectivity, Brain, fMRI (Resting State), Inflammation, Multimodal Patients with the musculoskeletal disorder psoriatic arthritis improve their inflammation with current treatments but still experience pain. Previous neuroimaging findings have identified functional connectivity of the resting-state default mode network and we explored how such features associate with nociplastic pain using both agonistic and selective approaches. We observed increased connectivity between the default mode network and regions of the brain related to both increased pain intensity and decreased pain inhibition. The implications of such findings shift the focus onto targeting central pain pathways in people with psoriatic arthritis.

0097		Sensitivity and Reproducibility of MRI Detection of Hourglass-Like Constrictions in Parsonage-Turner Syndrome
		Clare Nimura¹, Darryl Sneag¹, Philip Colucci¹, Casey Urban², Tim Li³, Emily Pedrick¹, Joseph Feinberg⁴, Carlo Milani⁴, and Ek Tsoon Tan¹
		¹Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States, ²Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States, ³Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States, ⁴Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
		Keywords: Neurography, Nerves, Parsonage-Turner syndrome; electromyography A retrospective analysis of 123 patients diagnosed with Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (PTS; neuralgic amyotrophy) found that magnetic resonance neurography (MRN)-based detection of hourglass-like constrictions (HGCs) in affected nerves was 91.2-92.0% sensitive to electromyography-confirmed PTS. Post-hoc inter-rater reliability analysis revealed an inter-reliability of 91.3-94.3% for detection of HGCs. This retrospective study confirmed that MRN detection of HGCs is sensitive and reliable for diagnosing PTS and may be used as an objective diagnostic tool for the syndrome.

0122		Accelerated single UTE-Dixon for simultaneous short T2*water and fat imaging using a FLORET trajectory
		Anh T. Van¹, Kilian Weiss², Georg C. Feuerriegel¹, Philipp Braun¹, Guruprasad Krishnamoorthy^3,4, Alexandra S. Gersing¹, James G. Pipe⁴, and Dimitrios C. Karampinos¹
		¹Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, ²Philips GmbH Market DACH, Hamburg, Germany, ³Philips Healthcare, Rochester, MN, United States, ⁴Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
		Keywords: Bone, Skeletal Ultra-short echo time (UTE) imaging enables the depiction of short-T2* tissues and is being increasingly used for the generation of CT-like bone images. UTE imaging has been recently combined with single-echo Dixon processing to enable the separation of water and fat signals from a single echo UTE image, but was primarily previously employed in radial stack-of-stars UTE acquisitions with prolonged scan durations. The present work combines single UTE-Dixon processing with a Fermat looped, orthogonally encoded trajectory (FLORET) to enable accelerated simultaneous short T2* water- and fat-separated imaging at sub-millimeter isotropic resolution. The technique is applied in the ankle.

0165		Federated Learning for Utilizing Multi-Institutional Prostate MRI with Diverse Histopathology
		Abhejit Rajagopal¹, Katya Redekop², Anil Kemisetti¹, Rishi Kulkarni³, Steven Raman³, Karthik Sarma³, Kirti Magudia⁴, Corey Arnold^2,3, and Peder Larson¹
		¹Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, ²Electrical Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ³Radiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ⁴Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Cancer, federated learning Prostate cancer screening and diagnosis from MRI is extremely challenging, and current machine learning algorithms suffer in cross-institutional generalizability. Federated learning is a way to alleviate these issues by combining multi-center data without aggregating or homogenizing data. To enable this for prototype-stage algorithms, we introduce FLtools, a lightweight python library with re-usable federated learning components available freely at https://federated.ucsf.edu. We use this federated learning system to train a 3D UCNet on bi-parametric MRI and paired prostate biopsy data from two University of California hospitals, demonstrating dramatic improvements in cross-site generalization accuracy in clinically-significant lesion classification.

0171		In-Vivo CEST MRI to assess and identify myocardial infarction by using natural D- glucose as a contrast agent
		Ajay Peddi¹, Daniel Schache¹, Ali Nahardani², Michael Kuhlmann³, Moritz Wildgruber^1,4, Cornelius Faber¹, and Verena Hoerr^1,2
		¹Translational Research Imaging Center, Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany, ²Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany, ³European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany, ⁴Clinic and Polyclinic for Radiology, University Hospital of München, München, Germany
		Keywords: Myocardium, CEST & MT The current preclinical study aimed to explore the application of natural D-glucose as an infusible biodegradable MRI contrast agent for imaging of myocardial infarction (MI) by glucose weighted CEST MRI (glucoCEST). To this end, in a mouse model of MI, the infarct region was first identified and verified by late gadolinium enhancement MRI and histology, respectively. In-Vivo glucoCEST MTRasym maps showed substantial differences before and after glucose infusion according to the myocardial viability. Statistical analysis verified that glucoCEST contrast could distinguish significantly between MI region, remote myocardium as well as healthy myocardium.

0187		A voxel-wise composition ratio of DCE-MRI time-intensity curve profiles allows for visualizing and quantifying hemodynamic heterogeneity
		Bingyu Yao^1,2, Zhou Liu³, Yumin Chen², Jie Wen³, Meng Wang³, Ya Ren³, Dong Liang¹, Xin Liu¹, Hairong Zheng¹, Dehong Luo³, and Na Zhang¹
		¹Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, ²College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China, ³Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
		Keywords: Breast, Cancer We propose a novel model-free and data-driven approach, i.e., voxel-wise composition ratio on 19 dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) time-intensity curve (TIC) profiles (Type-19) to visualize and quantify spatial hemodynamic heterogeneity. The proposed quantitative method for breast tumor was evaluated and compared with the two existing methods (qualitative and semi-quantitative methods) in 4 different clinical applications. In distinguishing malignancy on breast cancer lesions and predicting tumor proliferation status, we found that the machine learning model based on the Type-19 feature outperformed other two models in the validation set.

0209		An Improved Intraoral Transverse Loop Coil Design for High Resolution Dental MRI
		Ali Caglar Özen¹, Serhat Ilbey¹, Feng Jia¹, and Michael Bock¹
		¹Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
		Keywords: Non-Array RF Coils, Antennas & Waveguides, New Devices, dental MRI MRI can simultaneously image soft and hard tissues such as glands, teeth, gum, nerves and bone, thus could be valuable for diagnosis of dental pathologies and implant planning. Intraoral coils have been proved essential to dental MRI due to superior sensitivity compared to external coils. In this study, we introduce a modified transverse loop coil design, which provides improved sensitivity, homogeneity, comfort and safety. We also introduce a bio-compatible, artefact-free and MR-silent coating for intraoral coils. Phantom and in vivo dental MR images demonstrate the advantages of the new intraoral coil design.

0299		On-site construction of a point-of-care low-field MRI system in Africa
		Johnes Obungoloch¹, Ivan Muhumuza¹, Wouter Teeuwisse², Joshua Harper³, Martin van Gijzen⁴, Steven Schiff⁵, Andrew Webb², and Thomas O'Reilly²
		¹Mberara University of Science and Technology, Mberara, Uganda, ²Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, ³Universidad Paraguayo Alemana, Asuncion, Paraguay, ⁴Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft, Netherlands, ⁵Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
		Keywords: Low-Field MRI, Low-Field MRI Point-of-care (POC) low-field MRI systems have a large potential to increase the accessibility and sustainability of MRI in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). An important step in translating scientific developments from high-income countries to LMICs is technology that can be assembled or constructed locally. We describe the construction and testing of a POC system on site in Africa. All components to assemble a 50 mT Halbach magnet based system, together with the necessary tools, were air-freighted from The Netherlands to Uganda. With four instructors and six untrained personnel, the complete project from delivery to first image took approximately 11 days.

0338		Combination of irregular pulsation and aneurysm wall enhancement improved the diagnostic efficiency of symptomatic intracranial aneurysm
		Xiao Li¹, Jianjian Zhang¹, Huilin Zhao¹, and Chengcheng Zhu²
		¹Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China, ²University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
		Keywords: Vessels, Vessels Both aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) and irregular pulsation have been suggested as potential candidates for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) instability. However, no studies have compared irregular pulsation and AWE for evaluation symptoms in unruptured IAs. By using vessel wall MRI and four-dimensional computed tomography angiography, we found combination of aneurysm wall enhancement and irregular pulsation improve the diagnostic efficiency of symptomatic intracranial aneurysm compared with irregular pulsation or AWE alone. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate the role of the two imaging markers in predicting aneurysm growth and rupture.

0367		DEveloping Blood-Brain barrier arterial spin labeling as a non-Invasive Early biomarker (DEBBIE)
		Beatriz Padrela¹, Mervin Tee², Markus Sneve³, Amnah Mahroo⁴, Oliver Geier⁵, David Thomas⁶, Catherine Morgan⁷, Paulien Moyaert^8,9, Esin Ozturk¹⁰, Wibeke Nordhøy¹¹, Lene Pålhaugen¹², Jennifer Linn¹³, Per Selnes¹², Klaus Eickel^4,14, Simon Konstandin^4,14, Joost Kuijer¹, Daniel Hoinkiss⁴, Nora Breutigam⁴, Mareike Buck⁴, Rik Achten⁹, Frederik Barkhof^1,15, Saima Hilal², Tormod Fladby^12,16, Udunna Anazodo⁸, Jan Petr¹⁷, Henk J.M.M. Mutsaerts¹, and Matthias Günther⁴
		¹Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ²National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore, ³Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Oslo, Norway, ⁴Fraunhofer-Insitute for Digital Medicine MEVIS,, Bremen, Germany, ⁵Clinics of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Oslo, Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo, Norway, ⁶University College London, Dementia Research Center, London, United Kingdom, ⁷University of Auckland, School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, Auckland, New Zealand, ⁸Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada, ⁹Department of Medical Imaging, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium, ¹⁰Bogazici University, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, ¹¹Clinics of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo, Norway, ¹²Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway, ¹³Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany, ¹⁴mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany, ¹⁵University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), London, United Kingdom, ¹⁶University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, Lørenskog, Norway, ¹⁷Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
		Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, Aging One of the earliest signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI is a non-invasive way to measure perfusion and several other hemodynamic and physiological parameters, including vascular permeability. The DEveloping BBB-ASL as non-Invasive Early biomarker (DEBBIE) consortium aims to develop and integrate innovative techniques to allow robust BBB permeability assessments by ASL to develop a sensitive, non-invasive, and early biomarker for AD and related dementias. This work summarizes our planned efforts to develop and establish an MRI-based BBB permeability biomarker.

0384		Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models for Inverse MR Image Recovery
		Mahmut Yurt¹, Batu Ozturkler¹, Kawin Setsompop^1,2, Shreyas Vasanawala², John Pauly¹, and Akshay Chaudhari^2,3
		¹Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ²Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ³Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence High-resolution, multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols are required for accurate clinical diagnoses, but are limited by long scan times. Recovering high-quality, multi-contrast images from low-quality accelerated acquisitions is a promising approach to mitigate this limitation. Prior studies have demonstrated deep-learning for tasks such as contrast synthesis, image super-resolution, and image reconstruction. However, each of these tasks requires different architectures and training paradigms. Motivated by these challenges, we introduce a unified conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) for inverse MR image recovery. Experiments performed on three image recovery tasks demonstrate that DDPMs achieve superior performance compared to prior state-of-the-art approaches.

0394		Single breath-hold full abdominal T1 mapping using a CNN based short inversion-recovery sampling technique
		Eze Ahanonu¹, Ute Goerke², Kevin Johnson³, Brian Toner⁴, Diego Martin⁵, Vibhas Deshpande⁶, Ali Bilgin^1,3,7, and Maria Altbach^3,7
		¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, ²Siemens Healthineers, Tucson, AZ, United States, ³Department of Medical Imaging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, ⁴Applied Math Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, ⁵Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States, ⁶Siemens Healthineers, Austin, TX, United States, ⁷Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Quantitative Imaging Comprehensive liver evaluation with T1 mapping requires full abdominal coverage with sufficiently high spatial resolution for detection of pathology. Existing methods for abdominal T1 mapping are only able to achieve partial coverage, primarily limited by the breath hold and the time required to sample the T1 recovery curve (T1RC) for accurate T1 estimation. We present a radial Look-Locker T1 mapping framework which utilizes short T1RC sampling combined with deep learning based T1 estimation to achieve full abdominal coverage within a single 20s breath hold period.

0395		Single-shot T2-FLAIR mapping via inversion recovery multiple overlapping-echo acquisition and deep neural network reconstruction
		Yanhong Lin¹, Qinqin Yang¹, Wenhua Geng¹, Haitao Huang¹, Jianfeng Bao², Shuhui Cai¹, Zhong Chen¹, and Congbo Cai¹
		¹Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, ²Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Quantitative Imaging T₂-weighted imaging via conventional FLAIR sequence can suppress the signal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), making it easier for identifying long T₂ lesions in the vicinity of the CSF. But it was usually used for qualitative analysis because of its inevitable time-consuming acquisition. In this study, we applied inversion recovery overlapping-echo acquisition together with deep learning-based reconstruction to achieve ultra-fast T₂-FLAIR mapping. In vivo results from a healthy volunteer and two glioma patients demonstrate the good accuracy and robustness of our proposed method.

0396		Phantom Results of the ISMRM Joint RRSG–qMRSG Reproducibility Challenge on T1 mapping
		Mathieu Boudreau^1,2, Agah Karakuzu¹, Julien Cohen-Adad^1,3, Madeline Carr^4,5, Mariya Doneva⁶, Seraina A. Dual^7,8, Daniel B. Ennis⁹, Alex Ensworth^10,11, Alexandru Foias¹, Véronique Fortier^10,12, Guillaume Gilbert¹³, Matthew Grech-Sollars^14,15, Lois Holloway^4,5, Siyuan Hu¹⁶, Oscar Jalnefjord^17,18, Peter Koken⁶, Anastasia Kolokotronis^10,19, Simran Kukran²⁰, Nam Lee²¹, Ives R. Levesque¹⁰, Dan Ma¹⁶, Burkhard Maedler²², Nyasha Maforo²³, Kévin Moulin^9,24, Jamie Near²⁵, Robba Rai^4,5, Ben Statton²⁶, Christian Stehning²², Chenyang Wang²⁷, Kilian Weiss²², Niloufar Zakariaei²⁸, Shuo Zhang²², and Nikola Stikov^1,2
		¹NeuroPoly, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, ²Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada, ³Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (UNF), Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁴Medical Physics, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia, ⁵Department of Medical Physics, Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centres, Liverpool, Australia, ⁶Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany, ⁷Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ⁸Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, ⁹Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ¹⁰Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ¹¹University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, ¹²Medical Imaging, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada, ¹³MR Clinical Science, Philips Canada, Mississauga, ON, Canada, ¹⁴Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom, ¹⁵Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, ¹⁶Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, ¹⁷Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, ¹⁸Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, ¹⁹Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada, ²⁰Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, ²¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ²²Philips GmbH Market DACH, Hamburg, Germany, ²³Philips Healthcare Germany, Hamburg, Germany, ²⁴CREATIS Laboratory, Univ. Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, INSA, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM, Lyon, France, ²⁵Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada, ²⁶MRC, London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London., London, United Kingdom, ²⁷Department of Radiation Oncology - CNS Service, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States, ²⁸Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Relaxometry, Reproducibility, challenge A collaborative reproducibility challenge was launched to explore if an imaging protocol independently-implemented at multiple centers can reliably measure T₁ using inversion recovery in a standardized quantitative MRI phantom (ISMRM/NIST). A total of 19 submissions were accepted, totalling 41 phantom T₁ mapping datasets. Errors relative to the temperature-corrected reference T₁ values were under 10% for the range of values expected in the human brain in vivo. All submitted phantom data, code, pipelines, and scripts were shared on open platforms.

0398		Cross-vendor three-dimensional multiparametric mapping of the human brain: A traveling-subject and patient study
		Shohei Fujita^1,2, Borjan Gagoski^3,4, Ken-Pin Hwang⁵, Marcel Warntjes^6,7, Kazumasa Yokoyama^8,9, Issei Fukunaga¹, Wataru Uchida¹, Yuya Saito¹, Rina Tachibana¹, Tomoya Muroi¹, Toshiya Akatsu¹, Akihiro Kasahara², Ryo Sato², Tsuyoshi Ueyama², Christina Andica¹, Akifumi Hagiwara¹, Koji Kamagata¹, Shiori Amemiya², Hidemasa Takao², Nobutaka Hattori⁹, Osamu Abe², and Shigeki Aoki¹
		¹Department of Radiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan, ²Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, ³Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, ⁴Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ⁵Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States, ⁶SyntheticMR, Linköping, Sweden, ⁷Center for Medical Imaging Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, ⁸Tousei center for neurological diseases, Shizuoka, Japan, ⁹Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Precision & Accuracy, Cross-vendor Multiparametric techniques compatible with multiple vendors to facilitate the pooling of data among different sites and vendors are desired. Here, we developed a vendor-standardized whole-brain multiparametric mapping scheme based on 3D-QALAS. Intra-scanner repeatability and inter-vendor reproducibility were evaluated on test-retest session data on five different 3T systems from four MRI vendors (GE, Philips, Siemens, and Canon). T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density values derived from 3D-QALAS showed coefficient of variations of <4.0% across scanners from different vendors. Finally, we performed an inter-vendor validation on multiple sclerosis patients to assess the feasibility of the scheme in real-world clinical settings.

0417		White Matter Neurometabolite Vulnerability Predicts Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease: A High-Resolution 3D 1H-MRSI Study
		Danni Wang¹, Miao Zhang², Yibo Zhao^3,4, Yudu Li^3,5, Wen Jin^3,4, Jialin Hu¹, Yaoyu Zhang¹, Biao Li², Jun Liu⁶, Binyin Li⁶, Zhi-Pei Liang^3,4, and Yao Li¹
		¹School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, ²Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China, ³Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ⁴Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ⁵National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ⁶Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, Spectroscopy White matter (WM) damage plays an important role in AD and different mechanisms have been suggested for different brain areas from postmortem studies. Understanding the spatial patterns of pathological changes in WM is of great importance in AD diagnosis. Using a high-resolution 3D MRSI technique, we investigated the spatial patterns of neurometabolic changes in WM regions. We firstly derived neurometabolite vulnerability maps in AD, showing spatially varying patterns of NAA reduction and mIn elevation in WM regions, in distinct association with gray matter volume or Aβ deposition, respectively. The neurometabolic biomarkers showed improved prediction of cognitive decline of AD patients.

0421		MR Fingerprinting with a Deep Image Prior Reconstruction for Combined T1, T2, and M0 Mapping and Multi-Contrast Cine Imaging
		Jesse Ian Hamilton^1,2, Gastao Lima da Cruz¹, Imran Rashid^3,4, Sanjay Rajagopalan^3,4, and Nicole Seiberlich^1,2
		¹Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, ²Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, ³Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁴Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
		Keywords: MR Fingerprinting/Synthetic MR, Cardiovascular, Quantitative Imaging This work introduces a self-supervised deep learning reconstruction for cine Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting, allowing for simultaneous cardiac phase-resolved T₁, T₂, and M₀ mapping (without motion correction or averaging of data across different phases) and bright-blood and dark-blood cine imaging during a 10-second breathhold, with a temporal resolution (24 phases) comparable to standard cine imaging. Results are presented in simulations using the XCAT phantom and in healthy subjects, where the proposed reconstruction yielded reduced noise, undersampling artifacts, and motion blurring compared to previous low-rank and motion-corrected methods.

0436		Endometriosis targeted MRI imaging using bevacizumab-modified nanoparticles aiming at vascular endothelial growth factor
		Qi Zhang¹, Caixia Fu², Qing Li³, and Yajie Li⁴
		¹Department of Radiology, Huashan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ²MR Application Development, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China, ³MR Collaborations, Siemens Healthineers Digital Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China, ⁴Fudan University, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Uterus, Molecular Imaging In vivo, NPBCNs generated strong signal enhancement in endometriosis lesion in rat on T1-weighted images via MRI.

0489		Combined fMRS and fMRI During Reinforcement Learning in a Large Cohort at 7T: When Does Cognitive Processing Occur?
		Tal Finkelman¹, Edna Furman-Haran², Kristoffer Carl Mikael Aberg³, Rony Paz³, and Assaf Tal¹
		¹Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, ²life sciences core facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, ³Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
		Keywords: Spectroscopy, fMRI (task based), functional MRS We present multimodal functional MRS-fMRI-Behavioral data, which demonstrates how the E/I balance changes in the dACC during a reinforcement learning paradigm. The E/I balance decreases during rest periods between tasks, supporting a consolidation phase that is invisible to BOLD-fMRI. Additionally, we find a significant negative correlation between both GABA and glutamate, and the mean z-score of the BOLD signal from the spectroscopic voxel, during the decision-making game. We suggests that the elevation in Glu is related to cellular activity rather than neuronal activity, indicating a GABAergic activation during the task.

0511		High-resolution single-breath-hold 3D MRCP using accelerated 3D Gradient and Spin-Echo (GraSE) with Compressed SENSE
		Takumi Ogawa¹, Michinobu Nagao², Yasuhiro Goto¹, Masami Yoneyama³, Johannes M Peeters⁴, Isao Shiina¹, Yutaka Hamatani¹, Kazuo Kodaira¹, Mana Kato¹, and Shuji Sakai²
		¹Department of Radiological Services, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, ²Department of Diagnostic image & Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, ³Philips Japan, Tokyo, Japan, ⁴Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands
		Keywords: Digestive, Biliary Breath-hold MRCP has gained more attention in routine clinical MRI, but its limited scan time during the breath-hold period often results in poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial-resolution. Despite being a single breath-hold method, 3D gradient and spin-echo (GraSE) sequence has been reported to provide high image quality. In this study, accelerated GraSE sequence combined with Compressed SENSE has been developed to obtain high-resolution MRCP images with a single breath-hold.

0529		Pseudo Partition-encoded Simultaneous Multislab (pPRISM) for Submillimeter Diffusion Imaging Without Navigator and Slab-Boundary Artifacts
		Wei-Tang Chang^1,2,3
		¹Radiology, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, ²Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, ³Biomedical Engineering, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
		Keywords: Pulse Sequence Design, Diffusion Tensor Imaging The ability to achieve submillimter isotropic resolution diffusion MR imaging (dMRI) is critically important to study fine-scale brain structures. While the multi-shot approaches, including SMSlab and gSlider-SMS, have been proposed to mitigate the inherently low SNR, the SMSlab sequences require additional navigators for phase estimation and both SMSlab and gSlider-SMS suffered from the slab-boundary artifacts. This study proposed two new concepts: PRISM encoding and 2) pseudo slab in order to mitigate the slab-boundary artifacts and shorten the scan time. Together, this study achieved the dMRI with 0.86 mm isotropic resolution with 16.3%-43.6% reduction of scan time compared to gSlider.

0565		Predictive Value of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Postoperative Outcome of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
		Ming Ni¹, Xiaoyi Wen², Mengze Zhang¹, Chenyu Jiang¹, Yali Li¹, Xianchang Zhang³, Ning Lang¹, Qiang Zhao¹, Yuqing Zhao¹, Wen Chen¹, Liang Jiang⁴, and Huishu Yuan¹
		¹Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, BeiJing, China, ²Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China, BeiJing, China, ³MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., BeiJing, China, ⁴Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, BeiJing, China
		Keywords: Spinal Cord, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques This study used multi-factorial linear quantile mixed-effects regression models to predict the outcome of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients one year after surgery based on MRI. Six models were constructed using the linear quantile mixed model and linear mixed-effects regression model based on the diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data, all the imaging data (dMRI & Conventional MRI), and all the registered data (dMRI & Conventional MRI & clinical data). We found that fractional anisotropy (FA) values quantified by preoperative dMRI could predict the surgical outcome of CSM and showed a significant positive correlation with the postoperative outcome.

0595		Comparison of measured and simulated cardiac magnetostimulation thresholds in eight pigs
		Valerie Klein^1,2,3, Livia Vendramini¹, Mathias Davids^1,2, Natalie G. Ferris^1,4, Lothar R. Schad³, David E. Sosnovik^1,2,4,5, Christopher T. Nguyen^6,7,8, Lawrence L. Wald^1,2,4, and Bastien Guérin^1,2
		¹A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, ²Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ³Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, ⁴Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, ⁵Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, ⁶Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Heart Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁷Cardiovascular Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁸Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
		Keywords: Safety, Bioeffects & Magnetic Fields We use a combined electromagnetic-electrophysiological modeling framework to predict cardiac stimulation (CS) thresholds in individualized porcine body models and compare those simulations to thresholds measured in eight pigs using strong dB/dt pulses. For all pigs, the simulated and measured thresholds agree within 30%, and no significant differences between simulations and measurements were detected (p<0.05, paired t-test). The threshold model uncertainty was found to be ~25% in a sensitivity analysis of the relevant model parameters. A well-validated model may help inform appropriate safety limits for MRI gradients to protect patients from CS without overly restricting gradient performance.

0628		Non-Contrast MRI of Micro-Vascularity of the Feet and Toes
		Won Bae^1,2, Vadim Malis¹, Asako Yamamoto³, Yoshimori Kassai⁴, Jun Isogai⁵, Katsumi Nakamura⁶, John Lane⁷, and Mitsue Miyazaki¹
		¹Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States, ²VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States, ³Radiology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan, ⁴Canon Medical Systems Corp, Otawara, Japan, ⁵Radiology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan, ⁶Kyoritsu Tobata Hospital, Kitakyusyu, Japan, ⁷University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
		Keywords: MSK, Arterial spin labelling, Bilateral feet perfusion, ASL, Feet and Toes Non-contrast MR perfusion techniques were developed to assess micro-vascularity of the foot in humans. Using flow-out spin labeling with 3D SSFSE acquisition at multiple Tis, we obtained perfusion signal into distal feet and toes. Signal vs. TI data was fit to determine perfusion metrics including peak height (PH), apparent blood volume (aBV) and apparent blood flow (aBF). Compared to 1-tag, when 4-tag pulses were used PH, aBV, and aBF were significantly greater, suggesting increased signal afforded by the 4-tag pulses. This will be useful for subjects with low blood flow, such as those with peripheral artery disease.

0630		Quantification of muscle fat fraction and water T2 via RF phase-modulated 3D gradient-echo imaging
		Eléonore Vermeulen¹, Pierre-Yves Baudin¹, Marc Lapert², and Benjamin Marty¹
		¹NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology, Paris, France, ²Siemens Healthcare SAS, Saint-Denis, France
		Keywords: Muscle, Quantitative Imaging Intramuscular fat fraction (FF) is a frequently used biomarker of neuromuscular disease severity while water-T2 has been identified as a biomarker of disease activity. In this feasibility study, we explored the possibility to exploit RF phase-modulated 3D gradient-echo imaging to obtain multi-parametric mapping adapted to the study of skeletal muscles. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate the robustness to noise of this proposed approach. An in vivo proof of concept on healthy volunteers was performed.

0635		Local $$$B_1^+$$$ shimming improves visualization of the bone-metal interface in patients with orthopedic hardware
		Iman Khodarahmi¹, Mahesh B Keerthivasan², and Jan Fritz¹
		¹NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, ²Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Malvern, PA, United States
		Keywords: Bone, Bone $$$B_1^+$$$ field inhomogeneity is a source of metal artifacts in patients with orthopedic hardware. Local $$$B_1^+$$$ shimming can potentially decrease these artifacts and improve visualization of the bone-metal interface. Our proposed turbo-spin echo-based $$$B_1^+$$$ mapping technique enables accurate estimation of the $$$B_1^+$$$ field near the metal hardware. After optimization for in-vivo applications, the technique was successfully employed on a clinical 3.0 T parallel-transmit system aiming at $$$B_1^+$$$ shimming near the orthopedic hardware. Our results demonstrate significant improvement in visualization of the bone-metal interface compared to standard 1.5 and 3.0 T acquisitions.

0683		Probing lactate exchange in Gray Matter via time-dependent DW-MRS
		Eloïse Mougel¹, Sophie Malaquin¹, Marco Palombo^2,3, and Julien Valette¹
		¹Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-roses, France, ²Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, ³School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Microstructure, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques Time-dependent DW-MRS can probe the underlying tissue microstructure. However, it has been previously shown that time-dependent apparent diffusivity and apparent kurtosis exhibit different behaviors for water and intracellular metabolite. These differences may be largely explained by exchange between intra- and extracellular spaces occurring for water. The aim of this work is to measure time-dependent diffusion of lactate which, like water, is present in and exchanges between both compartments, but for which the exchange rate is unknown. Comparison with water and intracellular metabolites indicates that lactate exchange is slow (relative to the probed diffusion times up to 500 ms).

0685		Quantifying human gray matter microstructure using NEXI and 300 mT/m gradients
		Quentin Uhl¹, Tommaso Pavan¹, Malwina Molendowska², Derek K Jones², Marco Palombo², and Ileana Jelescu¹
		¹Dept. of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, ²CUBRIC, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Microstructure, Modelling For the first time, we report Neurite Exchange Imaging (NEXI) microstructure model parameters estimates in human cortex in vivo. We also investigate the performance of two extensions of this model, the addition of a dot compartment and a correction for wide pulses. Parameter estimates are consistent with previous findings in the rat cortex in vivo. Importantly, NEXI estimates displayed good scan-rescan reproducibility while retaining sensitivity to inter-subject differences. Future work will focus on improving the precision, in particular of the exchange time estimates, possibly leveraging multi-dimensional diffusion MRI acquisitions.

0686		Exchange-driven Microscopic Kurtosis in Correlation Tensor MRI
		Sune Nørhøj Jespersen^1,2, Rita Alves³, Jonas Olesen^1,2, Rafael Neto Henriques³, and Noam Shemesh³
		¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, ²Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, ³Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisboa, Portugal
		Keywords: Microstructure, Microstructure Correlation Tensor MRI (CTI) provided strong evidence for non-vanishing microscopic kurtosis (µK) in neural tissues, both in animals and in humans. However, µK sources remain to be elucidated. Standard Model with Exchange (SMEX) contrasts have been recently proposed by Olesen et al. for mapping exchange properties, especially in gray matter. Here, we derive an expression for µK originating from the SMEX biophysical model due to exchange, and in a model of stroke compare µK derived from SMEX to µK measured with CTI. Our findings suggest that µK(CTI)>µK(SMEX), suggesting a degree of microstructural origin for the CTI contrast.

0705		Machine Learned Wave Encoded Neurovascular 4D Flow
		Chenwei Tang¹, Leonardo A Rivera-Rivera^1,2, Laura B Eisenmenger³, and Kevin M Johnson^1,3
		¹Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ²Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ³Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
		Keywords: Blood vessels, Velocity & Flow Keywords: Wave Encoding, Trajectory Optimization, 4D Flow Non-Cartesian sampling is often required for 4D Flow imaging because of more efficient sampling. Due to the heuristic nature of the optimization of such trajectories, we propose to parameterize and optimize wave encoded 3D Cartesian sampling using a gradient descent algorithm in a data-driven way. We demonstrate the feasibility of our framework in learning the sampling patterns and the wave parameters and providing high image quality for highly accelerated scans in digital phantoms, phantoms and in vivo with phase contrast.

0731		Value of multiple mathematical models of advanced zoomed DWI for the evaluation of tumor-stroma ratio in rectal cancer
		Lijuan Wan¹, Hongmei Zhang¹, Yumeng Zhu², Yueluan Jiang³, and Guang Yang⁴
		¹National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, ²Beijing No.4 High School International Campus, Beijing, China, ³MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Beijing, China, ⁴Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Pelvis, Cancer, Tumor microenvironment Tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) can reflect the relationship between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment. Evaluation of the TSR timely and accurately is important because of its role in predicting prognosis and making individualized treatment plans. Diffusion parameters obtained from multiple mathematical models of DWI can reflect microscopic characteristics of tumors. Multi b-value DWI with the advanced zoomed DWI technology can provide a higher-spatial-resolution with less artifacts. This study aimed to investigate the value of zoomed multi b-value DWI for predicting TSR in rectal cancer. The results suggested that distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) is a promising indicator to identify high TSR group.

0735		MR elastography-based slip interface imaging (SII) to assess the mobility of the myofascial interface in extremities: A feasibility study
		Ziying Yin¹, Yi Sui¹, Keni Zheng¹, Xiang Shan¹, Philips Rossman¹, Armando Manduca², Brent A. Bauer³, and Richard L. Ehman¹
		¹Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, ²Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, ³General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
		Keywords: Muscle, Elastography, slip interface imaging, myofascial interface, myofascial pain syndrome Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common chronic pain disorder that can cause disability. Efforts to understand the MPS pathology have focused on myofascial connective tissue and the function of fascial plane mobility. Slip interface imaging (SII) offers a unique opportunity to assess fascial plane mobility noninvasively. Here, we investigated the feasibility of SII to visualize the mobility of the intermuscular myofascial interface in the upper leg and the functional intramuscular interface in the forearm flexor muscles in healthy volunteers. This creates a foundation for using MRE/SII to distinguish between a healthy and a dysfunctional fascial plane in MPS patients.

0736		Quantitative muscle MRI depicts microstructural abnormalities but no signs of inflammation or dystrophy in Post COVID-19 condition
		Lara Schlaffke¹, Johannes Forsting¹, Marlena Rohm^1,2, Peter Schwenkreis¹, Martin Tegenthoff¹, Christine Meyer-Frießem³, and Elena Enax-Krumova¹
		¹Neurology, University Clinic Bergmannsheil Bochum gGmbH, Bochum, Germany, ²Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Clinic Bergmannsheil Bochum gGmbH, Bochum, Germany, ³Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, University Clinic Bergmannsheil Bochum gGmbH, Bochum, Germany
		Keywords: Muscle, COVID-19 Patients with post COVID-19 condition (PCC) often suffer from musculoskeletal pain with unknown pathophysiology. qMRI of the lower limbs was used to unravel the underlying mechanisms. 20 PCC were compared to 20 age and gender matched controls with regard to muscle fatfraction (revealed by Dixon imaging) water T2 time (using T2-mapping) and structural alterations (using DTI). Quantitative MRI did not depict any signs of ongoing inflammation or dystrophic process of the skeletal muscles in PCC patients. However, differences observed in muscle DTI depicts microstructural abnormalities, which may reflect potentially reversible fiber hypotrophy due to deconditioning.

0738		Multi-parametric ageing study on 51 subjects in the lower leg by 1H water T1 MR fingerprinting, multi-compartment water T2, fat fraction and 31P MRS
		Alfredo Liubomir Lopez Kolkovsky¹, Béatrice Matot¹, Harmen Reyngoudt¹, Benjamin Marty¹, Ericky Caldas de Almeida Araujo¹, and Yves Fromes¹
		¹NMR Laboratory , Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology, Paris Cedex 13, France
		Keywords: Muscle, Aging, Multi-contrast, Relaxometry, MR Fingerprinting Aging is a multi-factorial process and studies in the lower leg are scarce. We performed a multi-contrast protocol in 51 volunteers from 20 to 81 y.o. We found an age-related increase of muscle water T₁(water-fat separation,MR fingerprinting), fat fraction, water T₂ and T₂ heterogeneity in the anterior and posterior compartments. Phosphodiesters and mitochondrial stress biomarkers also increased with age. Through bi-compartment water T₂ CPMG measures, age-related increases of the long water T₂ relative fraction were observed relative to the short water T₂ (T_{2-H2O-CPMG-short}) fraction, but T_{2-H2O-CPMG-short} values were unaltered with age, suggesting inflammation with preservation of the intracellular water compartment.

0746		The MRDust: An Implantable Neural Interface Powered via Focused Ultrasound with Data Communication via MR Image Modulation
		Biqi Rebekah Zhao¹, Yuhan Wen¹, Alexander Chou¹, Elad Alon¹, Rikky Muller¹, Chunlei Liu¹, and Michael Lustig¹
		¹Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
		Keywords: New Devices, Neuroscience We propose a new device for neuroscience studies: the MRDust, a sub-mm wireless programmable neural recording mote with on-device memory and compute. It receives power via focused ultrasound, records neural signals in burst mode, and uses a micro-coil to perturb local magnetic fields to achieve data uplink via dynamic MRI signal modulation. We demonstrate proof-of-concept experiments in which digital information is encoded in images of an SE-EPI dynamic sequence, and in which a piezoelectric harvester can harvest enough ultrasonic power to sustain device operation, and receive control signals through amplitude modulation.

0755		Development of a cost-effective, fiber optic-based, MRI-compatible EEG system: a proof-of-concept study
		Michael Potter¹, Emily Holz¹, Lindsay Demblowski¹, Kyle Hunkar¹, Udunna Anazodo², Stefan Preble¹, and Iris Asllani^1,3
		¹Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States, ²McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ³University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Multimodal, fMRI (task based), EEG, EEG recording, MRI compatible EEG A cost-effective, 8-channel, MRI-compatible optical EEG prototype was implemented and tested. The protoype has the potential to be especially suited for low-field MRI applications. The system uses Photrode^TM technology, a high impedance device that can pick up signals without the need for "wet" contact with the skin. The minimum resolvable voltage of the modulator was ~ 12.5 uV, sufficient for most EEG waves.

0771		Synthesizing speech through a tube talker model informed by dynamic MRI-derived vocal tract area functions
		Rushdi Zahid Rusho¹, Brad H. Story², David Meyer³, Mathews Jacob⁴, and Sajan Goud Lingala^1,5
		¹Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ²Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, ³Janette Ogg Voice Research Center, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, United States, ⁴Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ⁵Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
		Keywords: Signal Modeling, Head & Neck/ENT The vocal tract encompasses the airspace from the glottis (the space between the vocal folds) to the external lips. This irregular tube filters the glottal sound source, and is modulated by many structures (e.g. the tongue, lips, and velum) to produce speech sounds (e.g. vowels and consonants). In this work, we determine the preliminary feasibility of integrating vocal tract area functions derived from a recently proposed accelerated pseudo-3D dynamic speech MRI scheme to a parametric tube talker model to synthesize speech.

0789		Abbreviated MRI with Second Shot Arterial Phase for HCC Evaluation: Modified Version of LI-RADS and Recall Reduction Strategy
		Jeong Woo Kim¹ and Chang Hee Lee¹
		¹Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
		Keywords: Liver, Liver A modified version of LI-RADS was devised for abbreviated MRI (AMRI) with second shot arterial phase (SSAP) by referring to CEUS LI-RADS. The modified LI-RADS scores using AMRI with SSAP showed a high concordance rate with the conventional LI-RADS score using full-protocol MRI. The recall rate significantly decreased when the HCC surveillance and diagnosis strategy was changed from strategy 1 (AMRI without SSAP; surveillance then recall test) to strategy 2 (AMRI with SSAP; simultaneous surveillance and diagnosis).

0819		Attention mechanisms for sharing low-rank, image and k-space information during MR image reconstruction
		Siying Xu¹, Kerstin Hammernik^2,3, Patrick Krumm¹, Sergios Gatidis^1,4, and Thomas Küstner¹
		¹Medical Image and Data Analysis (MIDAS.lab), Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany, ²Lab for AI in Medcine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, ³Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁴Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tuebingen, Germany
		Keywords: Image Reconstruction, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Image Reconstruction, Heart Cardiac CINE MR imaging requires long acquisitions under multiple breath-holds. With the development of deep learning-based reconstruction methods, the acceleration rate and reconstructed image quality have been increased. However, existing methods face several shortcomings, such as limited information-sharing across domains and generalizability which may restrict their clinical adoption. To address these issues, we propose A-LIKNet which incorporates attention mechanisms and maximizes information sharing between low-rank, image, and k-space in an interleaved architecture. Results indicate that the proposed A-LIKNet outperforms other methods for up to 24x accelerated acquisitions within a single breath-hold.

0839		Pre-treatment hyperpolarized 13C-lactate to 13C-bicarbonate ratio predicts response of brain metastases to stereotactic radiosurgery
		Nicole I.C. Cappelletto¹, Hany Soliman², Casey Y. Lee¹, Nadia D. Bragagnolo³, Biranavan Uthayakumar¹, Arjun Sahgal², Albert P. Chen⁴, Ruby Endre³, Nathan Ma⁵, William J. Perks⁵, Jay S. Detsky², Chris Heyn⁶, and Charles H. Cunningham^1,3
		¹Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, ³Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁴GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁵Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁶Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
		Keywords: Hyperpolarized MR (Non-Gas), Cancer, Treatment Response Prediction, Radiotherapy, Brain Metastases, Metabolism Brain metastases are increasingly being treated with stereotactic radiosurgery; however, 20-30% of treated tumors locally recure post treatment. Hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (HP ¹³C MRI) is an emerging metabolic imaging modality that measures key metabolic phenotypes indicative of aggressive tumor phenotypes. Here we show that the pre-treatment tumor ¹³C-lactate to ¹³C-bicarbonate ratio – a marker of glycolysis and (indirectly) oxidative phosphorylation – measured via HP [1-¹³C]pyruvate MRI is a robust predictor of local recurrence (AUC_ROC=0.95, p=0.0008; AUC_PRC=0.92) and can inform treatment decisions should the model predict a non-response to SRS.

0859		K2S Challenge: From Undersampled K-Space to Automatic Segmentation
		Aniket Tolpadi¹, Upasana Bharadwaj¹, Kenneth Gao¹, Rupsa Bhattacharjee¹, Felix Gassert¹, Johanna Luitjens¹, Jan Nikolas Morshuis^2,3, Paul Fischer², Matthias Hein², Christian F. Baumgartner², Artem Razumov⁴, Dmitry Dylov⁴, Quintin van Lohuizen⁵, Stefan Fransen⁵, Xiaoxia Zhang⁶, Radhika Tibrewaka⁶, Hector Lise de Moura⁶, Kangning Liu⁶, Marcelo Zibetti⁶, Ravinder Regatte⁶, Sharmila Majumdar¹, and Valentina Pedoia¹
		¹Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, ²Cluster of Excellence Machine Learning, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, ³International Max Planck Research School for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany, ⁴Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation, ⁵Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, ⁶Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
		Keywords: Image Reconstruction, MSK Image reconstruction and downstream tasks have typically been treated independently by the image processing community, but we hypothesized performing them end-to-end could facilitate further optimization. To these ends, UCSF organized the K2S challenge, where challenge participants were tasked with segmenting bone and cartilage from 8X undersampled knee MRI acquisitions. Top challenge submissions produced high-quality segmentations maintaining fidelity to ground truth, but strong reconstruction performance proved not to be required for accurate tissue segmentation, and there was no correlation between reconstruction and segmentation performance. This challenge showed reconstruction algorithms can be optimized for downstream tasks in an end-to-end fashion.

0924		4D flow MRI to evaluate flow and future liver remnant growth after portal vein embolization
		Thekla Helene Oechtering^1,2, Tilman Schubert^1,3, Qianqian Zhao⁴, Roxana A Alexandridis⁴, Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos^1,2, Oliver Wieben^1,5, Kevin M Johnson^1,6, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate^7,8,9, and Scott B Reeder^1,5,8,9,10
		¹Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA, WI, United States, ²Department of Radiology, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany, ³Department of Neuroradiology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁵Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁶Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁷Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁸Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ¹⁰Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
		Keywords: Liver, Velocity & Flow Early prediction of remnant liver growth after portal vein embolization (PVE) would enable earlier surgery in patients with liver malignancies and thus decrease the risk of tumor progression. Portal blood flow after PVE holds the potential to be an important predictor for hypertrophy of the non-embolized segments. We demonstrated the feasibility of 4D flow MRI quantification of portal blood flow before and after PVE in a porcine model. Flow changes immediately after PVE were predictive of the change in liver volume 2 weeks post PVE in both the embolized and non-embolized liver lobes.

0928		A deep learning framework for cardiac self-gating in free-running radial 4D flow MRI
		Mariana B.L. Falcão¹, Giulia M.C. Rossi¹, Jonas Richiardi¹, Xavier Sieber¹, Pierre Monney², Tobias Rutz², Milan Prša³, Estelle Tenisch¹, Anna Giulia Pavon⁴, Panagiotis Antiochos², Matthias Stuber^1,5, and Christopher W. Roy¹
		¹Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, ²Service of Cardiology, Centre de Resonance Magnétique Cardiaque (CRMC), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, ³Woman- Mother- Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, ⁴Division of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland, ⁵Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
		Keywords: Flow, Cardiovascular, Cardiac signal extraction Self-gating (SG) techniques improve the ease-of-use of cardiac MR by deriving cardiac signals from the data itself, obviating the need for ECG lead placement. Nonetheless, unpredictable shifts between the features of SG signals and the conventionally used R-wave peaks from ECG might hamper a direct link of reconstructed image frames with physiology. In this work, we developed a fully convolutional neural network to predict R-wave peak timepoints from SG imaging readouts in free-running radial 4D flow data, and provided a proof-of-concept of the usability of such learned R-wave peak timepoints for reconstructing cardiac-resolved 4D flow images.

0933		End-to-end Automation of Quantitative Processing for 4D Flow MRI in the Aorta: Demonstration and Evaluation in 271 Subjects
		Ethan M I Johnson¹, Haben Berhane¹, Elizabeth Weiss¹, Aparna Sodhi², Kelly Jarvis¹, Michael Scott¹, Joshua Robinson², Cynthia K Rigsby², and Michael Markl¹
		¹Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States, ²Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
		Keywords: Data Processing, Velocity & Flow, 4D Flow MRI, Quantitative Hemodynamics A generalized data-processing pipeline tool for performing completely automated hemodynamic assessment from raw 4D flow MR images is presented. The tool is evaluated for performance in a group of 271 subjects with mixed distribution of healthy, valve disease, and connective-tissue disorder status. A high success rate of 94% is achieved for fully-automated quantification of regional aortic peak velocities and global aortic pulse wave velocity.

0956		Assessing Sex Differences in Abdominal Fat Depots of People with Obesity under Weight Loss using Automated Segmentation
		Mingming Wu¹, Arum Somasundaram¹, Selina Rupp¹, Jessie Han¹, Stella Naebauer¹, Daniela Junker¹, Anna Reik², Meike Wiechert², Hans Hauner^2,3, Christina Holzapfel², and Dimitrios C. Karampinos¹
		¹Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, ²Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, ³Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
		Keywords: Fat, Metabolism, Obesity A deep-learning algorithm based on the nnU-Net and using water-fat images enabled robust automatic segmentation of abdominal organs including visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver, iliopsoas and erector spinae muscle groups. Each organ's volume and fat content were examined in a weight loss study comprising 127 subjects with BMI of 30-39.9kg/m², who followed a low caloric diet (LCD). Dixon water-fat images were acquired before and after diet. Differences in fat distribution among abdominal organs and fat content was assessed among both sexes. Differences in the changes of organ volume and fat fraction as a response to the LCD were revealed.

0994		Automated Surfaced-based Detection of Focal Cortical Dysplasia using MR Fingerprinting
		Ting-Yu Su^1,2, Siyuan Hu², Xiaofeng Wang³, Sophie Adler⁴, Konrad Wagstyl⁵, Zheng Ding^1,2, Joon Yul Choi¹, Ken Sakaie⁶, Ingmar Blümcke^1,7, Hiroatsu Murakami¹, Stephen Jones⁶, Imad Najm¹, Dan Ma², and Zhong Irene Wang¹
		¹Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States, ²Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, ³Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁴University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, London, United Kingdom, ⁵Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom, ⁶Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁷Neuropathology, University Hospitals Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
		Keywords: Epilepsy, MR Fingerprinting Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common pathology in medically intractable focal epilepsy and often difficult to detect by visual inspection of conventional MRI. We developed a framework for automatic FCD detection using surface-based processing of conventional MRI and MR fingerprinting data. Thirty-six patients with FCD and 48 healthy controls were included. Improved vertex-wise and cluster-wise performance was seen when MRF and FLAIR features were added to T1w data. A second-stage cluster-wise classifier showed efficacy to reduce false-positive clusters. Interim results of patient-level sensitivity of 76% and low false-positive clusters in controls supported potential clinical applicability of the proposed framework.

1009		Towards rapid and accurate navigators for motion and B0 estimation using QUEEN (QUantitatively-Enhanced parameter Estimation from Navigators)
		Yannick Brackenier¹, Nan Wang¹, Congyu Liao¹, Xiaozhi Cao¹, Sophie Schauman¹, Mahmut Yurt², Lucilio Cordero-Grande³, Shaihan J Malik^4,5, Adam Kerr^2,6, Joseph V Hajnal^4,5, and Kawin Setsompop^1,2
		¹Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ²Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ³Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and CIBER-BNN, Madrid, Spain, ⁴Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁵Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁶Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging (CNI), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
		Keywords: Motion Correction, Brain ‘Scout-based’ navigators exploit correlations between navigator data and a low-resolution multi-coil pre-scan data (scout) to effectively estimate either motion or B₀-perturbations. Usually, scout data has a fixed contrast, limiting their usage in estimating motion within echo-trains where contrast changes from one readout to the next (e.g. MPRAGE). Furthermore, combined motion and B₀-perturbation estimation from rapid navigators has yet to be achieved. In this work, we propose a quantitative scout (Q-SCOUT) to ‘time-resolve’ navigator contrast, along with a rapid SPINS-navigator (few ms). Q-SCOUT and rapid navigator data are used in our QUEEN method to enable within-echo-train motion and B₀-perturbation estimation.

1010		High Temporal Resolution Head Motion Tracking using Pilot Tone and 3D Radials
		Tess E Wallace^1,2, Cemre Ariyurek^1,2, Fatih Calakli^1,2, Tobias Kober^3,4,5, Simon K Warfield^1,2, and Onur Afacan^1,2
		¹Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, ²Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ³Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, ⁴Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, ⁵LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
		Keywords: Motion Correction, Brain Radial acquisitions are inherently motion-robust and facilitate self-navigation, however the frequency of motion updates from navigator images is limited. Pilot tone (PT) enables continuous motion sensing, but estimation of quantitative motion parameters requires a subject-specific calibration. In this work, we propose (i) using PT motion detection to guide navigator-based motion estimation from a 3D radial acquisition and (ii) using these measurements to calibrate a PT motion model in order to provide high temporal resolution quantitative motion tracking. This hybrid approach demonstrates improved retrospective correction results with reduced blurring and facilitates PT motion tracking for subsequent scans.

1024		A Multi-Subject Deconvolution Algorithm for the Analysis of Naturalistic fMRI data
		Eneko Uruñuela¹, Clara Sava-Segal², Megan Leung², Emily S Finn², and César Caballero-Gaudes¹
		¹Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain, ²Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
		Keywords: Brain Connectivity, fMRI, naturalistic paradigms Collecting fMRI data during naturalistic paradigms has drawn considerable attention in human neuroscience as a way to investigate brain function in ecologically valid conditions. We introduce a novel method (multi-subject paradigm free mapping) to decipher BOLD events in a temporally agnostic manner, and explore concordant group activations and individual idiosyncrasies. Besides, it can operate at the fastest temporal and spatial resolutions of the data. We validate it on simulated and real naturalistic fMRI data, revealing events that track expected features of the stimulus. Overall, this technique substantially increases sensitivity in linking moment-to-moment brain activity to its underlying cause(s).

1047		A Deep learning informed Polynomial Fitting Approach for Electrical Properties Tomography
		Kyu-Jin Jung¹, Thierry G.Meerbothe^2,3, Chuanjiang Cui¹, Mina Park⁴, Jaeuk Yi¹, Cornelis A.T. van den Berg^2,3, Dong-Hyun Kim¹, and Stefano Mandija^2,3
		¹Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, ²Department of Radiotherapy, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, ³Computational Imaging Group for MR Therapy and Diagnostics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, ⁴Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
		Keywords: Electromagnetic Tissue Properties, Electromagnetic Tissue Properties This work presents a neural network informed fitting approach for conductivity reconstructions in MR-Electrical Properties Tomography. First, an artificial neural network is used to predict weights from T2-weighted images. These weights are used in a weighted fitting approach to calculate polynomial coefficients that parametrize the phase map. The conductivity is finally reconstructed from these coefficients. The reconstruction approach is tested on simulated data and in-vivo data and shows more accurate results than conventional fitting methods.

1055		The FACE: Flexible Array for Cervical & Extraspinal 3T MR Imaging
		Frederik Abel¹, Ek T. Tan¹, Martijn Lunenburg², Carel van Leeuwen², Thijs van Hooren², Mark van Uden², Catalina Arteaga², Jana Vincent³, Fraser Robb³, Darren R. Lebl¹, and Darryl B. Sneag¹
		¹Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States, ²Tesla Dynamic Coils, Zaltbommel, Netherlands, ³GE HealthCare, Aurora, OH, United States
		Keywords: RF Arrays & Systems, RF Arrays & Systems Conventional cervical coils lack the flexibility to closely conform to the inherently curved neck region, particularly at its head/shoulder junctions. High SNR imaging of the c-spine and extraspinal soft tissues (including small peripheral nerves) relies on close proximity of receive elements to these targeted structures. This study evaluates the performance of a novel, conformal, 23-channel Flexible Array for Cervical & Extraspinal (FACE) 3T MR Imaging with increased flexibility to enhance image quality and SNR compared to conventional coils. SNR measurements on phantoms and high resolution 2D and 3D in vivo c-spine and peripheral nerve neck imaging were performed at 3T.

1089		Improved R2* and QSM mapping for dummies - ask Adam
		José P. Marques¹, Dennis Den Hollander¹, David G Norris¹, and Kwok-Shing Chan¹
		¹Donders Institute for Brain Cognition adn Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Quantitative Susceptibility mapping In this abstract we demonstrate a simple framework that builds up on deep learning infrastructure to perform quantitative susceptibility mapping and correct for susceptibility related effects on R2* maps, taking the advantage of high GPU computational efficiency. Asking the Adam optimizer to point you in the right direction results in a gradient descent method that can perform field mapping, background field removal, QSM and reduce macroscopic intravoxel dephasing artifacts in R2* maps with most operations being performed in under 60 seconds even for 0.8mm isotropic whole brain multi-echo data.

1095		Is linear subspace constraint reconstruction suitable for multi-compartment T2 imaging? Evaluation and guidelines.
		Nadège Corbin^1,2, Trotier J. Aurélien ¹, Laurent Petit³, Silvio Sarubbo⁴, Sylvain Miraux¹, and Emeline J. Ribot¹
		¹Centre de Résonance Magnétique et Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, ²Wellcome Center for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University Coleege of London, London, United Kingdom, ³Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, ⁴Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Image Reconstruction, myelin water fraction Multi-compartment T2 imaging suffers from long acquisition time. Undersampling the k-space combined with advanced iterative reconstructions could be beneficial to reach a reasonable scan duration. This work investigates the suitability of linear subspace-based reconstruction for myelin water fraction and intra-extracellular T2 mapping. Our findings suggest that subspace-based reconstruction for intra-extra cellular T2 and myelin water fraction mapping can be reliably used in combination with spatial regularization enforcing sparsity. The temporal basis can be built from extended phase graph simulations and should include at least 12 components, especially for myelin water fraction mapping.

1108		Locally low-rank denoising in transform domains.
		Steen Moeller¹, Casey P. Johnson^1,2, Erick O. Buko^1,2, Ferenc Toth², Greg Metzger¹, Silvia Mangia¹, Shalom Michaeli¹, Sara Ponticorvo¹, Antonietta Canna¹, Kamil Ugurbil¹, and Mehmet Akcakaya^1,3
		¹Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ²Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ³Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Data Processing The concept of transform processing domain with locally low rank denoising is proposed as T-NORDIC and demonstrated for MSK and brain applications. The improvements on quantitative maps may be leveraged for faster acquisitions by relaxing the number of averages needed to obtain sufficient SNR for high resolution acquisitions and for application of low rank denoising to common clinical acquisitions.

1141		Widespread, depth-dependent microstructural damage in the cortex of children with focal epilepsy: A quantitative T1 and T2 mapping study
		Chiara Casella¹, Katy Vecchiato^1,2, Daniel Cromb¹, Yourong Guo¹, Emer Hughes¹, Louise Dillon¹, Elaine Green¹, Kathleen Colford¹, Anthony Price¹, Lucilio Cordero Grande^3,4,5,6, Tobias C. Wood⁷, Shaihan Malik³, Rui Pedro A. G. Teixeira³, David W. Carmichael³, and Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh^1,2,8
		¹Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²Department for Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ³Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁴Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Madrid, Spain, ⁵Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, ⁶Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain, ⁷Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁸MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, London, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Epilepsy, Relaxometry, Paediatric We assessed cortical microstructure in children with drug-resistant focal epilepsy using T1 and T2 relaxometry (qT1 and qT2). We show widespread, depth-mediated qT1 and qT2 increases, and alterations in intracortical organisation in patients. Changes did not correlate with clinical parameters, suggesting that they may be independent of disease severity. Using a random forest algorithm, we also show that qT1 and qT2 surface-features from patients with radiologically defined abnormalities (MRI-positive) and controls, can classify patients without reported radiological abnormalities (MRI-negative). This suggests a common imaging endophenotype of focal epilepsy irrespective of visible abnormalities that may be present at a pre-symptomatic disease-stage.

1142		T1 and T2 Mapping Using Highly Sparse Unsuppressed Water Signals from MRSI Scans with Generalized Series-Assisted Low-Rank Tensor Modelling
		Yudu Li^1,2, Rong Guo^1,3, Yibo Zhao^1,4, Wen Jin^1,4, Chao Ma^5,6, Shirui Luo², Georges El Fakhri^5,6, Yao Li⁷, Maria Jaromin², Volodymyr Kindratenko^2,4, Brad Sutton^1,2,8,9, and Zhi-Pei Liang^1,2,4
		¹Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ²National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ³Siemens Medical Solutions, Urbana, IL, United States, ⁴Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ⁵Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ⁶Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, ⁷School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, ⁸Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ⁹Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Quantitative Imaging MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) without water suppression provides a unique opportunity to use the unsuppressed water spectroscopic signals for T₁ and T₂ mapping. This work presents a new image reconstruction method for reconstructing the T₁/T₂ maps from the highly sparse MRSI data. This method uses a novel generalized series-assisted low-rank tensor model to absorb the high-quality reference MRSI images to constrain the spatial-spectral-parametric variations. Experimental results demonstrated very encouraging reconstruction performance.

1143		Bilateral asymmetry of parenchymal kinetics from ultrafast DCE-MRI predicts HER2+ breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
		Zhen Ren¹, Federico D. Pineda², Frederick M. Howard³, Hiroyuki Abe¹, Kirti Kulkarni¹, Rita Nanda³, Nora T. Jaskowiak⁴, and Gregory S. Karczmar¹
		¹Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, ²Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, ³Department of Medicine - Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, ⁴Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
		Keywords: Breast, Cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer We retrospectively reviewed data from 28 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) who underwent a protocol that included ultrafast DCE-MRI (temporal resolution = 3 – 9 seconds) for the first minute after contrast administration prior to NAC. We measured quantitative kinetic background parenchymal enhancement parameters (kBPEs) from ipsi- and contra-lateral normal parenchyma separately to quantify bilateral parenchymal enhancement asymmetry. The results show that HER2-positive patients with similar pre-NAC $$$K^{trans}$$$ in ipsi-and contralateral normal parenchyma were more likely to achieve pathologic complete response post NAC.

1149		Low spatial-frequency ripple artifacts in layer-fMRI EPI: Identification, cause, and mitigation strategies with Dual-polarity readout
		Renzo Huber¹, Rüdiger Stirnberg², David A Feinberg^1,3,4, Samantha J Ma⁵, Philipp Ehses², Omer Faruk Gulban^1,6, Jonathan R Polimeni⁷, Kenshu Koiso^1,8, Emily Ma¹, Alexander JS Beckett^3,4, Tony Stöcker², Peter Bandettini⁹, and Benedikt A Poser¹
		¹Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, ²German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, ³Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States, ⁴Advanced MRI Technologies, Sebastopol, CA, United States, ⁵Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States, ⁶Brain Innovation, Maastricht, Netherlands, ⁷Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, ⁸Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan, ⁹National institutes of HEalth, Bethesda, MD, United States
		Keywords: Artifacts, fMRI, layer-fMRI, UHF, EPI High-resolution layer-fMRI has great potential to inform network-neuroscience. However, it is limited by EPI artifacts. Here, we discuss a class of fuzzy EPI ghosts arising from asymmetric trapezoidal gradients with ramp sampling. A meta analysis across layer-fMRI datasets finds this artifact everywhere, without exceptions. We believe that this artifact is constraining spatiotemporal resolutions more than SNR. In this abstract we aim to raise awareness for this artifact and evaluate mitigation strategies: dual-polarity EPI. We show that dual-polarity EPI allows layer-fMRI to break the barriers of current resolution limits: It allows 0.53mm imaging at 3T, and whole-brain 0.6mm fMRI at 7T.

1173		DSC-derived perfusion map generation from DCE MRI using deep learning
		Haoyang Pei^1,2, Yixuan Lyu^2,3, Sebastian Lambrecht^4,5,6, Doris Lin⁵, Li Feng¹, Fang Liu⁷, Paul Nyquist⁸, Peter van Zijl^5,9, Linda Knutsson^5,9,10, and Xiang Xu^1,5
		¹Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States, ²Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York City, NY, United States, ³Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China, ⁴Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, ⁵Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁶Institute of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, ⁷Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ⁸Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁹F.M Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, ¹⁰Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Perfusion This study built a deep-learning-based method to directly extract DSC MRI perfusion and perfusion related parameters from DCE MRI. A conditional generative adversarial network was modified to solve the pixel-to-pixel perfusion map generation problem. We demonstrate that in both healthy and brain tumor patients, highly realistic perfusion and perfusion related parameter maps can be synthesized from the DCE MRI using this deep-learning method. In healthy controls, the synthesized parameters had distribution similar to the ground truth DSC MRI values. In tumor regions, the synthesized parameters correlated linearly with the ground truth values.

1174		Modeling inflow effects in fast fMRI to quantify fluid flow
		Baarbod Ashenagar ^1,2, Daniel Gomez^1,2,3, and Laura Lewis^1,2
		¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, ²Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, ³Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
		Keywords: Signal Modeling, Velocity & Flow, time-of-flight, flow-enhanced fMRI signal Fast fMRI has recently been shown to be an effective method for detecting dynamic changes in cerebrospinal fluid flow, enabling measurement of a critical process for maintenance of brain health. However, while the inflow signal measured using fast fMRI is a surrogate for the underlying flow dynamics, it does not directly reflect the velocity and dynamics of flow. To understand the mapping between flow and the flow-enhanced MR signals they generate, we developed and validated a mathematical forward model that uses velocity as input and simulates dynamic fMRI inflow signal intensities for each slice of the imaging volume.

1215		Dynamic glucose-enhanced imaging of the liver using breath-hold black blood quantitative T1rho MRI
		Yurui Qian¹, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong², Jian Hou¹, Baiyan Jiang^1,3, Xinrong Zhang², Grace Lai-Hung Wong², Zhigang Wu⁴, Queenie Chan⁵, Simon Chun Ho Yu¹, Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu¹, and Weitian Chen¹
		¹Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ²Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ³Illuminatio Medical Technology Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ⁴Philips Healthcare, Shenzhen, China, ⁵Philips Healthcare, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
		Keywords: Liver, Liver Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often associated with abnormal metabolic syndrome. In this study, we investigated dynamic glucose enhanced imaging of the liver using T1rho MRI after glucose ingestion. We hypothesize this approach can be used to assess metabolic activities in the liver. Sixteen young volunteers and four patients with NAFLD were recruited in this study. The preliminary results suggest that the proposed approach has the potential to detect metabolic variations between normal subjects and subjects with fatty liver.

1243		4D flow MRI for investigation of fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics in healthy development and ductal dependent lesions
		Erin K Englund¹, Takashi Fujiwara¹, Sarah Smith², Bettina Cuneo³, Mehdi Hedjazi Moghari¹, Mariana L Meyers¹, Richard M Friesen³, Lorna P Browne¹, and Alex J Barker¹
		¹Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States, ²Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States, ³Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
		Keywords: Fetal, Velocity & Flow Fetal cardiovascular MRI has the potential to aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of congenital heart disease. Here, a fast, Doppler ultrasound- gated, 4D flow MRI acquisition with online reconstruction was achieved in twelve healthy fetuses and six patients with suspected congenital cardiovascular defects. Analysis of the 4D flow data revealed expected flow distributions across vascular territories in the healthy cohort. Using 4D flow MRI, we were also able to evaluate the presence and impact of ductal dependent lesions in patients with suspected congenital heart disease, finding confirmation of presence/absence of pathology on post-natal imaging.

1244		Multiresolution comparison of fetal CINE MRI at 0.55 T
		Datta Singh Goolaub¹, Ye Tian², Joshua F.P. van Amerom¹, John Wood^3,4, Jon Detterich⁴, Krishna S. Nayak², and Christopher K. Macgowan^1,5
		¹Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ³Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ⁴Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ⁵Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
		Keywords: Prenatal, Fetus In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of CINE fetal CMR at 0.55 T at multiple spatial resolutions. First, real-time images are reconstructed for motion-correction and cardiac gating. Fetal cardiac CINEs are then reconstructed using the corrected data. Retrospective CINEs have higher SNR relative to their corresponding real-time reconstructions. Feasibility of the pipeline is demonstrated for up to 1.0 mm in-plane resolution. Good cardiac structure conspicuity is observed at coarse spatial resolutions in real-times and at all spatial resolutions in CINEs.

1248		Development of the fetal brain structural connectivity during the second-to-third trimester based on diffusion MRI
		Ruike Chen¹, Ruoke Zhao¹, Xinyi Xu¹, Mingyang Li¹, Cong Sun², Guangbin Wang³, and Dan Wu¹
		¹Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, ²Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R. China., Beijing, China, ³Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
		Keywords: Fetal, Brain Connectivity, Structural Connectivity Network Extensive cortico-cortical connections emerge in the fetal brain during the second-to-third trimester with the rapid development of white matter fiber pathways. However, the early establishment and prenatal development of the brain’s structural network are not yet understood. In this work, we built structural connectivity networks of the fetal brain using in-utero diffusion MRI data. Network analysis revealed the increasing overall efficiency of the fetal brain network. The strengthening of short-ranged cortico-cortical connections and the emerging hubs contributed to the reorganization of its sub-units. These findings provided valuable information on the early developmental patterns of brain cortico-cortical structural connectivity

1253		Association analysis of age-dependent changes in R1map at the brain region level with gene expression patterns
		Xiang Chen¹ and Xiaoyong Zhang¹
		¹Fudan University, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Quantitative Imaging Quantitative MRI can observe biologically distinct microstructural processes that shows great potential in aging research. In this work, we studied the trajectories of R1map changes in aging brain and found R1map regions with significant changes in different age groups (young, middle-aged, and elderly groups). Graph theoretical analysis of covariance networks revealed global clustering coefficient of youth group is higher than that of middle-aged and elderly groups. Association analysis of spatial gene expression patterns with changes in R1map at the brain region level reveal that the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway is mainly enriched in various neurodegenerative diseases.

1267		Whole Body Mouse EPR Oxygen Imaging of Implanted Beta Cell Replacement Devices
		Mrignayani Kotecha¹, Navin Viswakarma¹, Safa Hameed¹, Eliyas Siddiqui¹, Feya Epel¹, Cherie Stabler², Minglin Ma³, and Boris Epel⁴
		¹Oxygen Measurement Core, O2M Technologies, LLC, Chicago, IL, United States, ²Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, IL, United States, ³Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, ⁴Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Oxygen Imaging, EPR imaging, Type I diabetes, cell encapsulation devices Beta-cell replacement therapy remains the only approach with a clinical proof-of-concept that demonstrates long-term insulin independence can be achieved in type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients. The major challenge for beta cell replacement devices is to keep cells viable by avoiding hypoxia until vascularization is established. We hypothesize that by performing oxygen imaging and controlling the oxygenation of the devices early on, we can achieve better survival of beta cells and, consequently, better T1D reversal. EPROI is a quantitative oxygen imaging method that was used for obtaining pO2 maps in three different beta cell replacement devices in this study.

1282		A complete cerebellar mean-field model ready to be integrated into whole-brain dynamic simulators
		Roberta Maria Lorenzi¹, Alice Geminiani¹, Yann Zerlaut², Alain Destexhe³, Claudia A.M. Gandini Wheeler Kingshott^1,4,5, Fulvia Palesi¹, Claudia Casellato¹, and Egidio D'Angelo^1,5
		¹Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy, ²Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France, ³CNRS, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay, France, ⁴Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, London, United Kingdom, ⁵Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
		Keywords: In Silico, New Devices, Mean field Whole-brain dynamics can be reproduced in silico by simulating Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signals, typically recorded with fMRI, using cortical and subcortical mean-field models, which provide a population-level description of the underlying neuronal dynamics. Notably, a mean-field model specific for the cerebellum is missing given its structural and functional specific properties. We present the first biologically-grounded cerebellar mean-field model optimized on experimental data. Our model reproduces cerebellar activity and synaptic mechanisms characterizing physiological and pathological conditions. The cerebellar mean-field model is a new device ready to be integrated in whole-brain dynamic simulator, improving understanding of brain function and dysfunction.

1285		Diffusion weighted, intravoxel incoherent motion, diffusion kurtosis tensor MR imaging in chronic kidney disease: correlations with histology
		Jie Zhu¹, Jia-Yin Gao¹, Pu-Yeh Wu², and Yan Song¹
		¹Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China, ²GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Data Analysis, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques Noninvasive, repeatable and accurate biomarkers to identify renal histological changes for tailoring treatment and evaluating renal prognosis are demanded. In this study, we aimed to compare and probe correlations of parameters derived from standard DWI and its extending models including IVIM, DTI, and DKTI with the pathological and functional alterations in CKD. We found that the corrected diffusion-related indices, including cortical and medullary D and MD, as well as medullary FA were superior to ADC, perfusion-related and kurtosis indices for evaluating alterations of renal pathology and function in CKD patients, and these metrics were also correlated with eGFR and Scr.

1306		Brain-wide fMRI Connectivity and Regional Genetic Modulations underlying Optogenetically-evoked Spindles in Rescuing Memory Decline in Aging
		Xunda Wang^1,2, Pit Shan Chong³, Lee-Wei Lim³, Alex T. L. Leong^1,2, and Ed X. Wu^1,2,3
		¹Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, ²Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, ³School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
		Keywords: Neurodegeneration, Aging Memory consolidation, the ability to transform newly learned information into long-term memory, declines with age. Our previous study revealed targeted neuromodulation of spindle activities can arrest memory consolidation dysfunction in aging brains through strengthening multi-target memory representations. However, whether and how spindle activities influence memory consolidation via acting on inter-regional information integration remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate in aging animals that optogenetically-evoked spindle activities alleviate memory consolidation dysfunction through modulating brain-wide inter-regional connectivity and regional genetic expression. Our work provides an approach combining fMRI analysis and genetic expression profiling to bridge systems- and molecular-level understandings of memory consolidation.

1325		AI-based Single-Click Cardiac MRI Exam: Initial Clinical Experience and Evaluation in 44 Patients
		Jens Wetzl¹, Seung Su Yoon¹, Michaela Schmidt¹, Alexander Haenel², Alexandra-Bianca Weißgerber², Jörg Barkhausen², and Alex Frydrychowicz²
		¹Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, ²Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Cardiovascular, Workflow We propose an Artificial Intelligence-based single-click cardiac MR exam to support technicians and increase standardization and repeatability of cardiac exams, which we evaluate in a clinical setting with 44 patients. Automations include setting of the isocenter position, slice planning in standard and cardiac orientations, adjustment volume and inversion time. Clinical sequences that can be acquired without manual planning include CINE, STIR, T1 mapping, 3D MRA and LGE. 91% (n=40) of the acquisitions could be completed without manual operator intervention, with the majority (n=3) of failed cases caused by abnormal heart geometries leading to inadequate slice planning.

1328		Development and Validation of a Radiomics Model in Differentiating Sinonasal Mucosal Melanomas from Sinonasal Lymphomas
		Shengyong Li¹, Linying Guo², Jing Zhang¹, Yang Song³, Shengjian Zhang⁴, Rifeng Jiang⁵, Guang Yang¹, and Zuohua Tang²
		¹Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, ²Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ³MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China, ⁴Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ⁵Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, FuZhou, China
		Keywords: Head & Neck/ENT, Multimodal Sinonasal mucosal melanomas (SNMM) are clinically more aggressive than its cutaneous counterpart and presented markedly poor prognosis. To differentiate sinonasal melanomas from sinonasal lymphomas, a radiomics model was built using features from multi-parametric MRI, including T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), DWI and C-T1WI. In this multicenter retrospective study, 189 patients diagnosed with SNMMs or sinonasal lymphoma were enrolled from three institutions. The proposed model achieved AUCs of 0.884 and 0.870 in the internal and external validation set, respectively.

1371		Motion-Aware Neural Networks Improve Rigid Motion Correction of Accelerated Segmented Multislice MRI
		Nalini M. Singh^1,2, Malte Hoffmann^3,4, Elfar Adalsteinsson^2,5,6, Bruce Fischl^2,3,4, Polina Golland^1,5,6, Adrian V. Dalca^1,3,4, and Robert Frost*^3,4
		¹Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States, ²Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States, ³Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States, ⁴Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ⁵Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States, ⁶Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Motion Correction, Image Reconstruction, Deep Learning We demonstrate a deep learning approach for fast retrospective intraslice rigid motion correction in segmented multislice MRI. A hypernetwork uses auxiliary rigid motion parameter estimates to produce a reconstruction network based on the motion parameters that are specific to the input image. This strategy produces higher quality reconstructions than those produced by model-based techniques or by networks that do not use motion estimates. Further, this approach mitigates sensitivity to misestimation of the motion parameters.

1374		Cardiac MR Denoising Inline Neural Network (CaDIN).
		Siyeop Yoon¹, Salah Assana¹, Manuel A. Morales¹, Julia Cirillo¹, Patrick Pierce¹, Beth Goddu¹, Jennifer Rodriguez¹, and Reza Nezafat¹
		¹Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Image Reconstruction The diagnostic confidence in the interpretation of cardiac MR scans can be improved by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Traditional image denoising has been studied extensively to improve SNR in cardiac MRI, but with limited success due to the resulting blurring. In this study, we sought to develop and evaluate cardiac MR denoising inline neural network (CaDIN) for improving SNR in cardiac MRI.

1375		Improved Bayesian Brain MR Image Segmentation by Incorporating Subspace-Based Spatial Prior into Deep Neural Networks
		Yunpeng Zhang¹, Huixiang Zhuang¹, Ziyu Meng¹, Ruihao Liu^1,2, Wen Jin^2,3, Wenli Li¹, Zhi-Pei Liang^2,3, and Yao Li¹
		¹School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, ²Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ³Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Segmentation Accurate segmentation of brain tissues is important for brain imaging applications. Learning the high-dimensional spatial-intensity distributions of brain tissues is challenging for classical Bayesian classification and deep learning-based methods. This paper presents a new method that synergistically integrate a tissue spatial prior in the form of a mixture-of-eigenmodes with deep learning-based classification. Leveraging the spatial prior, a Bayesian classifier and a cluster of patch-based position-dependent neural networks were built to capture global and local spatial-intensity distributions, respectively. By combining the spatial prior, Bayesian classifier, and the proposed networks, our method significantly improved the segmentation performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

1378		Towards Informative Uncertainty Measures for MRI Segmentation in Clinical Practice: Application to Multiple Sclerosis
		Nataliia Molchanova^1,2,3, Vatsal Raina^3,4, Francesco La Rosa⁵, Andrey Malinin⁶, Henning Müller³, Mark Gales⁴, Cristina Granziera⁷, Mara Graziani^3,8, and Merirxell Bach Cuadra^1,9
		¹Radiology department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, ²Doctoral School of the Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, ³University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland, ⁴University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, ⁵Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States, ⁶Shifts Project, Helsinki, Finland, ⁷University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, ⁸IBM Research Europe, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁹Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Multiple Sclerosis, Machine learning/Artificial intelligence, Brain, Uncertainty estimation, Reliable AI We approach the problem of quantifying the degree of reliability of supervised deep learning models used by clinicians for automatic multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation on MRI. In particular, we quantify the correspondence of various uncertainty measures to the errors that a deep learning model makes in overall segmentation or lesion detection. The evaluation is done both on in- and out-of- domain datasets (40 and 99 patients respectively), and provides insights about the measures that can point clinicians to potential errors of an automatic algorithm regardless of the distributional shift.

1387		Enzyme Delivery to the Putamen in Parkinson’s Disease Patients by MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound
		Yuexi Huang¹, Ying Meng^2,3, Christopher B. Pople³, Allison Bethune³, Ryan M. Jones¹, Agessandro Abrahao^3,4, Clement Hamani^2,3, Suneil K. Kalia^5,6, Lorraine V. Kalia^5,7, Nir Lipsman^2,3, and Kullervo Hynynen^1,8,9
		¹Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, ³Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁴Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁵Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁶Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁷Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁸Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁹Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
		Keywords: Parkinson's Disease, Focused Ultrasound The phase I clinical trial demonstrated the successful application of microbubble-assisted MR-guided Focused Ultrasound for blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening in the putamen to facilitate biweekly therapeutic drug delivery in patients with Parkinson's disease. BBB permeability within the targeted putamen was elevated successfully in all treatments, as revealed by Gd-enhanced T1-weighted MRI immediately post treatment. No contrast enhancement was observed in the treated putamen on MR imaging scans acquired one day following each treatment session, indicating closure of the BBB. FDG-PET revealed a reduction of glucose metabolism of the treated putamen relative to the contralateral putamen in all patients.

1398		UTILITY OF OXYGEN-ENHANCED LUNG MRI IN LONG TERM POST-LUNG TRANSPLANT PATIENT CARE
		Milan Speth^1,2, Till Frederik Kaireit^1,2, Marcel Gutberlet^1,2, Filip Klimeš^1,2, Lea Behrendt^1,2, Andreas Voskrebenzev^1,2, Frank Wacker^1,2, Tobias Welte^2,3, Jens Gottlieb^2,3, and Jens Vogel-Claussen^1,2
		¹Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, ²Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany, ³Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
		Keywords: Lung, Transplantation, Graft loss Aim of this prospective single-center surveillance study was to assess the ability of oxygen-enhanced MRI to predict future chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) related transplant loss. Baseline MRI scans were acquired 6-12 months and follow-up MRI 2.5 years after double lung transplantation. T1 mapping was carried out with patients breathing room air and 100% oxygen, Delta T1 maps were calculated. Median, quartile coefficient of dispersion and ventilated volume parameters were correlated with graft loss and compared with same day lung function testing. Oxygen-enhanced MRI predicted future CLAD-related transplant loss 6-12 months post transplantation and, when evaluating %change, at follow-up MRI.

1424		First QSM of an ex vivo human brain on the Iseult 11.7T whole-body system using parallel transmission and virtual coil reconstruction
		Mathieu David Santin^1,2, Isabelle Plu³, Vincent Gras⁴, Michel Luong⁴, Edouard Chazel⁴, Franck Mauconduit⁴, Alexis Amadon⁴, Alexandre Vignaud⁴, Cecile Lerman⁴, and Nicolas Boulant⁴
		¹Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France, ²CENIR - Centre for NeuroImaging Research, Sorbonne University, Paris, France, ³Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France, ⁴CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, NeuroSpin, University of Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
		Keywords: High-Field MRI, Quantitative Susceptibility mapping This work presents the first QSM images obtained on the 11.7T whole body Iseult system, using tailored parallel transmission k_T-point pulses and a virtual coil approach for coil combination, on a post mortem brain.

1427		Regional quantification of cardiac metabolism with hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate MRI
		Peder Eric Zufall Larson¹, Shuyu Tang², Xiaoxi Liu¹, Avantika Sinha¹, Nicholas Dwork³, Sanjay Sivalokanathan⁴, Jing Liu¹, Robert Bok¹, Karen G Ordovas⁵, James Slater¹, Jeremy W Gordon¹, and M. Roselle Abraham¹
		¹Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, ²HeartVista, Palo Alto, CA, United States, ³University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, United States, ⁴University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, ⁵University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
		Keywords: Myocardium, Metabolism Hyperpolarized (HP) ¹³C-pyruvate MRI is a promising new tool for non-invasive quantification of myocardial glycolytic and Krebs cycle metabolism. In this study we evaluated whole-heart imaging and metabolism quantification methods in 7 healthy volunteers under a fasted and fed state. We observed that the ¹³C-pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion rate, k_PB, a measure of PDH flux, had the highest, statistically significant correlation with blood glucose levels, with smaller changes in the ¹³C-lactate/pyruvate ratio and ¹³C-pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, k_PL. ¹³C-pyruvate and ¹³C-lactate were detected simultaneously in the RV blood pool, immediately after intravenous injection, reflecting LDH activity in blood.

1428		Diabetic Treatment and Oral Ketone Supplement effect on Cardiac Function and Metabolism in Heart Failure Model by Cardiac and hyperpolarized MRSI
		David O. Guarin Bedoya^1,2, Salva Yurista^1,3,4, Jonah P Weigan Witthier¹, Shi Chen^1,3,4, Robert Eder^1,3,4, William Jiang^1,3,4, Feiyang Liu ^1,3,4, Atsushi M. Takahashi⁵, Christopher Nguyen^1,3,4, and Yi-Fen Yen¹
		¹Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging,Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, ²Polarize ApS, Frederiksberg, Denmark, ³Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts. General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ⁴Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States, ⁵Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
		Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, Hyperpolarized MR (Non-Gas), Heart Failure, Contrast Agent, Contrast Mechanisms, Metabolism Using hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy imaging and cine MRI, we show that targeting cardiometabolic dysregulation with metabolic treatment, such as ketone ester supplementation and/or sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, was effective in improving cardiac function and ameliorating cardiac remodeling in a preclinical model of HFpEF. These results provide a rationale for the assessment of metabolic interventions for patients with HFpEF.

1429		3D whole-heart joint T1/T1ρ/T2 mapping and water-fat imaging for contrast-agent free myocardial tissue characterization at 1.5T
		Michael G Crabb¹, Karl P Kunze^1,2, Camila Munoz¹, Donovan Tripp¹, Anastasia Fotaki¹, Carlos Velasco¹, Radhouene Neji^1,2, Claudia Prieto^1,3, and Rene M Botnar^1,3,4
		¹School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Camberley, United Kingdom, ³Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, ⁴School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
		Keywords: Myocardium, Tissue Characterization Native T1 and T1ρ mapping has shown promising results for the detection of focal and diffuse myocardial fibrosis without the need of contrast agents, whereas T2 mapping enables characterisation of inflammation and edema. However, conventional myocardial maps are acquired in sequential 2D breath-hold scans with limited heart coverage. Here, we propose a novel free-breathing, 3D joint T1/T1ρ/T2 mapping sequence with Dixon encoding to provide whole-heart T1, T1ρ and T2 maps and co-registered water/fat volumes with isotropic spatial resolution for comprehensive contrast-agent free myocardial tissue characterization. Preliminary results demonstrate good agreement with reference values in phantoms and promising results in-vivo.

1431		Myofiber strain estimation using cDTI, DENSE, and feature tracking.
		Kevin Moulin^1,2, Luigi E. Perotti³, Magalie Viallon^1,2, and Pierre Croisille^1,2
		¹University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, INSA, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France, ²Department of Radiology, University Hospital Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France, ³Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
		Keywords: Myocardium, Cardiovascular, Cardiac Function, cDTI, DENSE, Feature Tracking, cardiac microstructure Myofiber strain (MS) is a promising biomarker of cardiac function, but it requires the combination of cDTI and of a 3D cardiac displacement field. Displacement fields can be measured using DENSE imaging, but with low spatial resolution and limited spatial coverage. Feature tracking (FT) allows the estimation of the displacement directly from cine imaging. In this study, myofiber strains estimated using DENSE and FT were compared on thirty healthy volunteers. The magnitude of myofiber strain calculated with DENSE was higher than with FT (MS_DENSE=-0.15[-0.16;-0.14] vs MS_FT=-0.11[-0.14;-0.06], p<0.001) but no correlation was found between MSD_ENSE and MS_FT(r=0.14 p=0.47).

1432		Accelerated 3D Stack-of-Spiral Cardiac Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Noninvasive Measurement of Heart Oxygenation in a Breath-Hold
		Jiahao Li^1,2, Pablo Villar-Calle³, Hannah Agoglia³, Nicole Liberman³, Thanh D. Nguyen², Yi Wang^1,2, Jiwon Kim³, Jonathan W. Weinsaft³, and Pascal Spincemaille²
		¹Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, ²Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States, ³Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
		Keywords: Heart, Oxygenation A breath-holding non-cardiac gated 3D stack-of-spiral data acquisition scheme was developed to continuously sample the data for cardiac quantitative susceptibility mapping. Compared to the previously proposed navigator-based prospective Cartesian acquisition, the accelerated spiral sequence can be done within 20 seconds breath-holds, leading to over a 20-fold reduction in scan time. The spiral QSM as well as the navigator QSM were performed on cohorts of healthy volunteers and COVID-19 survivors, showing well aligned quantification results on the differential blood oxygenation between the right and left heart.

1442		Diagnostic performance of Rapid Whole-body MRI with uniformly fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging for multiple myeloma
		Rianne A van der Heijden¹, Timothy M Schmidt², Scott B Reeder^1,3,4,5,6, and Ali Pirasteh^1,3
		¹Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ²Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ³Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁵Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁶Department of Emergency Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
		Keywords: Skeletal, PET/MR, Multiple Myeloma In this study we evaluated the diagnostic performance of whole-body T2-weighted imaging with uniform 2-point Dixon fat-suppression for the detection of multiple myeloma. Furthermore, we evaluated the added sensitivity, change in disease stage, and change in treatment plan with the sequential addition of DWI and FDG PET. T2-Dixon demonstrated higher sensitivity than both DWI and PET. Adding DWI did not change stage or treatment plan. However, the addition of PET did change the treatment plan in one patient with extra-osseous disease. Whole-body PET-MRI with T2-Dixon is a promising and efficient tool for assessment of multiple myeloma.

1450		The Effect of Long-term Exercise Training on Metabolic Responses in Obese Zucker Fatty Diabetic Rats using Phosphorous-31 MRS
		Kihwan Kim¹, Yuran Zhu¹, Raodatullah Abodunrin¹, Sonia Kumar ¹, Jessica Meng¹, Luchen Yu¹, Allison McKenzie ¹, and Xin Yu^1,2
		¹Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, ²Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
		Keywords: Muscle, Diabetes In this study, metabolic responses to 10-week treadmill exercise on obese Zucker rats were examined using ³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Exercise resulted in improvement in glucose tolerance and aerobic capacity (VO_2max) while retaining mitochondrial oxidative capacity (MOC) and creatine kinase (CK) activity. Sedentary rats, however, showed poor glucose tolerance and reduced VO_2max, which were also marked by significant changes in their MOC and CK activity.

1600		Simultaneous multi-slice real-time cardiac MRI at 0.55T
		Ecrin Yagiz¹, Parveen Garg², Krishna S. Nayak¹, and Ye Tian¹
		¹Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ²Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
		Keywords: Low-Field MRI, Low-Field MRI A standard cine MRI exam typically collects a stack of short-axis slices to cover all left ventricular myocardium and uses electrocardiogram gating and breath-holds. Real-time imaging methods are often used to resolve issues with insufficient gating signal or breath-hold failure. In this work, we demonstrate that real-time SMS cardiac imaging at 0.55T provides sufficient blood-myocardium contrast and regional wall motion evaluation with three-fold acceleration compared to real-time single-band and Cartesian breath-hold ECG-gated cine. We also show an alternative reconstruction approach, clustered locally low rank that can improve image quality.

2491		Amide proton transfer-weighted MRI of brain tumors with fluid & solid compartment corrections using background magnetization transfer effects
		Osamu Togao¹, Jochen Keupp², Koji Yamashita³, Kazufumi Kikuchi⁴, Tatsuhiro Wada⁵, and Kousei Ishigami⁴
		¹Molecular Imaging & Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, ²Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany, ³Department of Radiology Informatics and Network, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, ⁴Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, ⁵Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
		Keywords: Tumors, CEST & MT We propose a simple and efficient metric for APT-weighted MRI, which suppresses fluid signals and enhances signals form solid components based on the spectral shape of the background MT ratio. No extra acquisition or mathematical fitting is needed because the metric can be computed from the minimum Z-spectral data required for standard APT-weighted MRI. This post-processing normalizing for background MT effects may facilitate the quantitative evaluation of the APT-weighted signal of the active solid component in brain tumors.

2528		Individualised perioperative brain growth in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD): correlation with clinical risk factors
		Daniel Cromb^1,2, Alexandra Bonthrone^1,2, Alessandra Maggioni¹, Paul Cawley^1,3, Ralica Dimitrova^1,4, Christopher Kelly¹, Lucilio Cordero-Grande^1,5, Olivia Carney¹, Alexia Egloff-Collado¹, Emer Hughes¹, Joseph V Hajnal^1,2, John Simpson^1,6, Kuberan Pushparajah^1,6, Mary Rutherford^1,3, A David Edwards¹, Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh^1,3,4, and Serena J Counsell^1,2
		¹Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ³MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁴Department for Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁵Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain, ⁶Paediatric Cardiology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Neuro, Brain, Cardiovascular Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments, which may be associated with impaired brain growth. We mapped brain volumes from pre- and postoperative brain MRI in 36 infants with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery or intervention to normative curves derived from 219 healthy infants. Perioperative brain growth was impaired, and was associated with clinical and surgical risk factors, including higher preoperative serum creatinine levels, older postnatal age at surgery, longer cardiopulmonary bypass duration and longer postoperative intensive care stay. Brainstem and deep grey matter growth appear particularly vulnerable to clinical factors.

4543		Continuous wave radar for carotid pulse sensing in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
		Renesmee Kuo¹, John Pauly¹, Fraser Robb², Shreyas Vasanawala¹, and Greig Scott¹
		¹Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ²GE HealthCare, Aurora, OH, United States
		Keywords: Hybrid & Novel Systems Technology, Image Reconstruction Non-contact synchronization MRI with heart motion is still an open challenge. Inaccurate cardiac gating often complicates image reconstruction and leads to poor or non-diagnostic images. Continuous wave doppler radar is a non-contact, noninvasive novel systems technology that could monitor cardiac motions without distortion from the MRI electromagnetic environment while offering an alternative to state-of-the-art (ECG) triggering.

5078		Wearable and stretchable RF coils using self-decoupling technology
		Shuyang Chai^1,2, John Gore^1,2, and Xinqiang Yan^1,2
		¹Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States, ²Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
		Keywords: RF Arrays & Systems, RF Arrays & Systems A novel flexible and stretchable coil based on the self-decoupling technology is proposed. It can be stretched and bent to match the shape of the human anatomy of interest, exhibiting high SNR. A 4 coil array was built and tested at different stretching (horizontally and vertically), and on different anatomies (torse, thigh, head), showing a strong robustness.

Contrast Mechanisms

Exhibition Halls D/E

Monday 9:15 - 10:15

5239		Evaluation of multi-echo ICA denoising for an olfactory task experiment.
		Toshiki Okumura^1,2, Masako Okamoto³, Kazushige Touhara^3,4, and Ikuhiro Kida^1,5
		¹National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan, ²The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, ³Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, ⁴International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, ⁵Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
		Keywords: fMRI (task based), fMRI (task based) To remove noises from fMRI signals, ME-ICA was proposed. However, it is still unclear whether the denoising method shows good performance for an olfactory task experiment. Here, we compared the GLM and MVPA results between conventional denoising method and ME-ICA. In the 2nd level GLM, ME-ICA showed larger activation than conventional one, which is in line with the previous studies for visual or auditory experiments. On the other hand, ME-ICA did not show better MVPA performance. In conclusion, ME-ICA was a good denoising method for an olfactory experiment, but the benefit was small for MVPA.

5240		Rapid Luminescence Quantification of a Sensitized Gadolinium Based Contrast Agent
		James A. Tranos¹, Ayesha Das², Jin Zhang², Sonia Hafeez¹, Suleiman Khan¹, Neelam Pandya¹, Sungheon Gene Kim², and Youssef Zaim Wadghiri¹
		¹Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, ²Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
		Keywords: Contrast Agent, Preclinical, Gadolinium Based Contrast Agent, Luminescence Quantification, Plasma Clearance Kinetics Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCA) are widely used in magnetic resonance imaging and are paramount to cancer diagnostics. Furthermore, accurate quantification of gadolinium in blood/plasma (clinical media) is essential to tumor pharmacokinetic analysis, with current methods being low throughput and clinically unavailable. As such, we have developed a simple luminescence quantification assay to measure the concentration of gadolinium in clinical media using a sensitized GBCA referred to as Gd[DTPA-cs124]. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy, increased relaxivity and enhanced biocompatibility of our agent when compared to other GBCA’s, as well as its ability to model pharmacokinetic clearance in a mouse model.

5241		Clinical application of the Myocardial Transit-time (MyoTT) for patients with cardiac disease from a single center in China
		Fei Yan¹, Tao Li¹, Xin Jin², Jianing Cui¹, Yanan Zhao¹, and Xiuzheng Yue³
		¹Department of Radiology, 1st Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, ²Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China, ³Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, Cardiomyopathy Myocardial microvascular disease is widespread in cardiovascular disease and is associated with an increased risk of adverse events. Assessment of myocardial microcirculation is of great help in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Myocardial transit-time (MyoTT), as a relatively novel, non-invasive, non-radiation, and easy-to-perform CMR parameter, played an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease prognosis. In this study, the CMR resting-state first-pass perfusion imaging sequence was used to measure the change of signal intensities from the coronary ostium to the coronary sinus to calculate the blood circulation time, as MyoTT. The study aims to observe the differences in myocardial microcirculation time of different diseases in the Chinese population.Keywords: CMR, cardiomyopathies, MyoTT,

5242		Quantitative and qualitative analysis of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: 4D flow MRI in a swine model
		Hyungkyu Huh¹, Sungho Park², Yura Ahn³, Hyun Jung Koo³, and Dong Hyun Yang³
		¹Department of advanced technology, K-mediHub, Daegu, Korea, Republic of, ²Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of, ³Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
		Keywords: Flow, Heart Left ventricular remodeling and functional changes may affect the intra-cardiac hemodynamics, however, has not yet been systematically studied. This study provides comprehensive understanding on chronic hemodynamics changes after myocardial infarction (AMI) in a swine model by using sequential cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 4D flow MRI. The orientations of infilling blood flow and vortex cores were shifted due to the infarcted tissue, decreasing the local rotation of the intracardiac flow as MI progresses. It’s trends also correlated well with the decreased radial strain and global function. These findings may provide new hemodynamic based diagnosis markers for MI.

5243		Indirectly Prediction of Cardiac Adverse Events Based on Hemodynamics Change Induced by Exercise Using 4D flow MRI
		Jiali Li¹, Qian Liu¹, Min Tang¹, Wanying Qi¹, Qianfeng Luo¹, Tao Liu¹, Xiaoyong Zhang², and Jing Chen¹
		¹The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, ²Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Chengdu, China
		Keywords: Heart, Cardiovascular In this study, we aimed to implement and evaluate methods for indirectly prediction of cardiac adverse events inside athletes based on hemodynamic changes in heart and aorta of four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI. The results showed that advanced parameters such as wall shear stress, energy loss and relative differential pressure were increased in athletes' hearts with late gadolinium enhancement and/or cardiac remodeling compared to controls, and the probability of remodeling in the exercising heart could be predicted by predictive models. This suggests that exercise-induced hemodynamic changes could be detected by 4D flow, which could predict the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events.

5244		High-resolution and highly accelerated T2 mapping in kidney cancer treatment-response and subtype differentiation
		Ines Horvat-Menih¹, Hao Li¹, Andrew N Priest¹, Iosif Mendichovszky¹, Susan Francis², Anne Y Warren³, Sarah J Welsh⁴, Grant Stewart⁵, and Ferdia Gallagher¹
		¹Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, ²University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ³Department of Histopathology, CUH NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom, ⁴Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, ⁵Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Kidney, Cancer, T2-mapping Here we have applied newly developed T₂ mapping methods based on Echo Merging and k-t Undersampling with Reduced flip Angles (TEMPURA) in the clinical setting of kidney cancer for the first time. The accelerated and high-resolution TEMPURA approach showed high promise in quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating the treatment response and differentiating between high vs. low grade clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, as well as different kidney tumor subtypes.

5245		Diagnostic value of multi-b-value DWI for endometrial carcinoma and the optimal b value exploring
		Ying Meng¹ and Yuting Liang¹
		¹Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Uterus, Cancer Selecting the appropriate b value in DWI scanning to maximize the signal difference between endometrial tissues with different properties is conducive to the detection and accurate diagnosis of the endometrial lesion. The multiple b value DWI, especially b value > 1000 s/mm2, may play a crucial role in the detection of EC. To better identify malignant endometrial lesions from benign lesions, b-value around 2000 s/mm2 was recommended for DWI scanning.

5246		Robust Resolution Improvement of UTE-MR Angiogram using 3D Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network
		Abel Worku Tessema^1,2 and HyungJoon Cho¹
		¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea, Republic of, ²School of Biomedical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
		Keywords: Vessels, Blood vessels, MR Angiogram, Super-resolution neural network UTE-MRA is used to visualize the vasculature of the body. But the visibility of smaller blood vessels is highly dependent on the resolution which requires a long scanning time. We applied a customized 3D-SRGAN network on UTE-MRA data to increase the resolution and have achieved a structural similarity, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and mean squared error of 0.932, 32.001, and 0.00064 respectively compared with the ground truth high-resolution data. The proposed method performed better than 3D-SRGAN and cubic spline interpolation and can be used reduce the scanning time significantly and provide better image quality.

5247		Radiologist validation of a multi-tissue breast segmentation convolutional neural net ensemble
		Michelle Weitz¹, John R. Pfeiffer¹, Arda Pekis¹, Tyler M. Earnest¹, Joseph R. Peterson¹, Anuja K Antony¹, Kathryn Zamora², and Stefanie Woodard²
		¹SimBioSys, Inc., Chicago, IL, United States, ²University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
		Keywords: Breast, Cancer We developed and validated (with the expertise of two breast-specialized radiologists) an ensembled suite of convolutional neural network models that accurately segment tumor, chest wall, adipose, gland, vasculature, and skin from a patient's T1-weighted DCE breast MRI.

5248		Determination of T1 and T2 Relaxation Times of Phosphorus-31 in a Low-Field MRI by developing a Phosphorus-31 resonant Low-Field MRI coil.
		Lennart Bedarf¹, Andreas Holl¹, Helena Nawrath¹, and Jens Groebner¹
		¹Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Luedenscheid, Germany
		Keywords: Low-Field MRI, RF Arrays & Systems, X-nuclei, phosphorus-31 Development of a phosphorus-31 resonant NMR coil in order to estimate the T1 and T2 relaxation times. A didactic low-field 0.57 T MR-system and a 85% phosphorus acid solution as phantom are used to generate a sectional image of the phantom. In addition the spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation signals are recorded, averaged and fitted in order to determine the T1 and T2 relaxation times. After exponential curve fitting the following relaxation times T1=0.781 s and T2=0.342 s are calculated.

5249		Toward the development of a B0 gradientless MRI system: Frequency-encoded Frequency-modulated Rabi Encoded Echoes.
		Efraín Torres^1,2, Parker Jenkins^1,2, Djaudat Idiyatullin², Taylor Froelich², Lance DelaBarre², Daniel Pizetta³, Julia Marcolan³, Alberto Tannus³, and Michael Garwood²
		¹Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ²Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ³Centro de Imagens e Espectroscopia por Ressonância Magnética - Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
		Keywords: RF Pulse Design & Fields, Low-Field MRI, B1 Imaging Frequency-encoded Frequency-modulated Rabi Encoded Echoes (FE-FREE) is a new method to perform spatial encoding using a B₁ field gradient. FE-FREE is analogous to conventional frequency-encoding with a B₀ gradient, except a B₁ gradient is used. A first demonstration of FE-FREE is shown using the B₁ gradient of a surface coil in a 0.5 T magnet with large B₀ inhomogeneity (±3 ppm). Frequency encoding with FE-FREE is one approach that in the future might enable low cost MRI scanners without B₀ gradient hardware and infrastructure.

5250		Comparing 129Xe gas MRI across major MRI vendors and sites
		Asu Rolland^1,2, Matthew M Willmering¹, Zackary I Cleveland¹, Andrew D Hahn^3,4, Sean B Fain^3,4, Jaime F Mata⁵, John P Mugler⁵, Bastiaan Driehaus⁶, and Jason C Woods^1,7
		¹Pulmonary Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ²Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ³University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ⁴University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States, ⁵University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, ⁶Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, ⁷University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
		Keywords: Data Acquisition, Quantitative Imaging Multi-site studies and clinical hyperpolarized 129Xe are imminent, yet image quality is challenging to quantify across MR platforms since hardware, gradient-corrections, and data-filtering are proprietary. We developed a straightforward protocol for scanning a commercial, thermally-polarized 129Xe phantom, and implemented it across three major MRI vendors, with near-identical coils. Images were acquired at 5 sites (Cincinnati, Iowa, Wisconsin, Duke, and Virginia). SNR was 18.4±1.6, with low variation in SNR between sites (13%), and vendors (10%). This confirms the ability to quantitatively compare signal and noise across sites and vendors. It is also demonstrated, here, that quality control can be implemented simply in multi-site studies.

5251		Framework for Internal Gradient Distribution Tensors to characterize tissue microstructure with MRI
		Leonardo A. Pedraza Pérez^1,2 and Gonzalo A. Álvarez^1,2,3
		¹Instituto Balseiro, CNEA, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina, ²Centro Atómico Bariloche, CONICET, CNEA, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina, ³Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
		Keywords: Electromagnetic Tissue Properties, Susceptibility Typically MRI resolution is limited to millimeters in clinical scanners, but other sources of information, derived from diffusion processes of water in biological tissues, allow us to get information at micrometric scales. Here we consider extracting morphological information by probing the internal magnetic gradients induced by the heterogeneous magnetic susceptibility of tissues. From the cumulant expansion of the magnetization signal we derive an internal gradient distribution tensor (IGDT) expansion and propose modulating gradient spin-echo sequences to probe them. These IGDTs contains microstructural information of tissues. Our results provide a framework to describe IGDTs to exploit them as quantitative diagnostic tools.

Machine Learning

Exhibition Halls D/E

Monday 14:45 - 15:45

5252		A Hardware Approach to Automatic Phase Correction in Receive-only Frequency Translation
		Jue Hou¹, Madavan Raja Viswanath¹, Courtney Bauer¹, Mary P. McDougall^1,2, and Steven M. Wright^1,2
		¹Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States, ²Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College station, TX, United States
		Keywords: RF Arrays & Systems, System Imperfections: Measurement & Correction Frequency translation has been demonstrated to enable X-nuclear array coils on systems with only narrow-band 1H receivers. Mixing on receive only is preferred given the SAR monitoring on the transmit side, but requires additional phase correction to perform signal averaging. A post-processing phase correction method has been previously introduced by our group using the signals coupled from the local oscillators (LO) on the host system and translator. To avoid any post-processing and improve scanner throughput, we implement this correction method with hardware to detect and compensate the phase shift during the scan, which allows the signal averaging on the scanner.

5253		Enhancing, Manipulating or Canceling Magnetic Fields in the Distance via Meta Materials for B0-Shimming in Brain MR Imaging
		Lukas Hingerl¹, Bernhard Strasser¹, Gilbert Hangel^2,3, Stanislav Motyka¹, Fabian Niess¹, Eva Niess¹, Alexandra Lipka¹, Dario Goranovic¹, Philipp Lazen¹, Stephan Gruber², Siegfried Trattnig^2,4, and Wolfgang Bogner¹
		¹Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, HFMR Centre, Vienna, Austria, ²HFMR Centre, Vienna, Austria, ³Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ⁴Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
		Keywords: Shims, Magnets (B0) Metamaterials enabling magnetic replicators for $$$B_0$$$ shimming as well as for transcranial magnetic stimulation may overcome traditional methods especially concerning locality of field manipulation, field enhancement or cancellation in the distance in real-time by current tuning.

Acquisition & Analysis

Exhibition Halls D/E

Monday 16:00 - 17:00

5254		Translational validation of a MRI-based CMRO2 mapping method for penumbra definition in acute ischemic stroke
		Lucie Chalet^1,2, Timothé Boutelier², Thomas Christen³, Justine Debatisse⁴, Oceane Wateau⁵, Nicolas Costes⁶, Ines Merida⁶, Sophie Lancelot^6,7, Christelle Leon¹, Norbert Nighoghossian^1,8, Yves Berthezene^9,10, Omer Faruk Eker^9,10, Tae-Hee Cho^1,8, Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas¹, and Laura Mechtouff^1,8
		¹Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France, ²Olea Medical, La Ciotat, France, ³Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France, ⁴Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (ISCMJ), Unite Mixte de Recherche 5229 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bron, France, ⁵Cynbiose SAS, Marcy-L'Etoile, France, ⁶CERMEP - Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon, France, ⁷Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France, ⁸Stroke department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France, ⁹CREATIS, CNRS UMR-5220, INSERM U1206, Universite Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France, ¹⁰Neuroradiology department, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Lyon, France
		Keywords: Data Processing, Oxygenation, Oxygen Metabolism Latest challenges in acute ischemic stroke management involve tissue-based approaches to define a tailored ischemic penumbra to each patients. Oxygen metabolism imaging offers new perspectives to tackle these challenges. A fully automated pipeline was developed providing oxygen metabolism parameters from MRI acquisitions including advanced processing methods such as motion-correction, registration and bayesian-based deconvolution. The method was tested on an ischemia-reperfusion non-human primate model with simultaneous PET-MRI acquisitions providing gold-standard comparison of oxygen parameters. Results show strong similarities in ratio of penumbral tissues detected in the ischemic hemisphere between the two modalities and opens new perspectives of improvement in parameters definition.

5255		Framewise distortion correction in Multi-echo Echo Planar Imaging
		Andrew N. Van^1,2, M. Dylan Tisdall³, Timothy O. Laumann⁴, David F. Montez^2,4, Damien A. Fair^5,6,7, and Nico U.F. Dosenbach^1,2,8,9
		¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States, ²Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States, ³Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, ⁴Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States, ⁵Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ⁶Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ⁷Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States, ⁸Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States, ⁹Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
		Keywords: Data Processing, fMRI Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) suffers from off-resonance image distortion due to B0 inhomogeneities. These distortions are typically corrected by separate field map acquisitions, but only allow for sparse temporal sampling of B0 inhomogeneity. This approach prevents distortion correction if changes in the B0 field occur over time due to motion. Here, we present a method of correcting off-resonance distortion by computing a time series of field maps using phase information from multi-echo (ME) EPI data. We show that our method produces corrections comparable to the current standard of distortion correction, in addition to enabling frame-by-frame correction in functional MRI data.

5256		Multicontrast ZTE Neuroimaging with T1-Shuffling
		Tobias C Wood¹ and Emil Ljungberg^1,2
		¹King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²Lund University, Lund, Sweden
		Keywords: Image Reconstruction, Image Reconstruction We show that multiple clinical contrasts can be obtained from silent Zero Echo Time scans by using preparation pulses and a physics-informed subspace "T1-shuffling" reconstruction approach. This models and removes the effect of T1-recovery during the readout segment, which would otherwise wash out the desired contrast.

5257		Navigator-Based In-Plane Motion Correction for High Resolution 2D T2-Weighted Spin-Echo Prostate MRI
		Eric A. Borisch¹, Adam T Froemming¹, Roger C. Grimm¹, Daniel Reiter², Phillip J. Rossman¹, and Stephen J. Riederer¹
		¹Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, ²St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States
		Keywords: Motion Correction, Motion Correction The addition of k_y≈0 navigator views to detect anterior-posterior prostate (peristalsis-induced) motion to the end of each echo train for a 2D T2-weighted acquisition stack with slice-profile recovery reconstruction is investigated. ROVir virtual coils are used to focus the spatial sensitivity in the phase direction of the navigator response on the small, central prostate region. Mutual information is used to register these navigators across the acquisition, with the resulting movement time course used to correct the acquired data. Results both in motion controlled phantom and human studies are discussed.

5258		Pilot Tone vs pTx Scattering: A Comparison between ‘RF Sensor’ Methods for Rigid Body Motion Detection of the Brain at 7T
		James L. Kent¹, Ladislav Valkovič^2,3, Iulius Dragonu⁴, Mark Chiew^1,5,6, and Aaron T. Hess¹
		¹Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ²Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ³Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, ⁴Research & Collaborations GB&I, Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Camberley, United Kingdom, ⁵Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁶Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
		Keywords: Motion Correction, Motion Correction RF sensor methods for motion correction require no (or minimal) additional hardware, are sequence independent and have high temporal resolution. Several RF sensor-based methods for rigid-body head motion detection have been demonstrated but which method offers the most sensitivity to motion is yet unknown. We aim to compare the sensitivity of PT and pTxS methods by simultaneously measuring these signals during continuous motion, training a linear model from EPI registered images and analysing the ability to predict rigid head positions. Currently, we see little difference in their ability to predict rigid head motion but further investigation is needed.

5259		Towards a standardized file format for basis spectra and fitting results for linear-combination modeling
		Helge J. Zöllner^1,2, Kelley M. Swanberg³, John LaMaster⁴, Antonia Kaiser⁵, Jamie Near⁶, Candace Fleischer^7,8, Brian J. Soher⁹, William T. Clarke¹⁰, and Georg Oeltzschner^1,2
		¹The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ²Kennedy Krieger Institute, F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Baltimore, MD, United States, ³Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States, ⁴Faculty of Computer Science, Technische Universität München, München, Germany, ⁵Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ⁶Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁷Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States, ⁸Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, ⁹Center for Advanced MR Development, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ¹⁰Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Data Analysis, Spectroscopy, open source We propose a standardized format for storing basis sets and linear-combination modeling results. Conventions, guidelines, and conversion tools are currently developed in collaboration with the MRS community. This standardization effort will further improve data sharing and reproducibility, allowing for easier integration of MRS into larger neuroimaging frameworks.

5260		Entropy informs about uncertainty in probabilistic brain tissue segmentation
		Agnieszka Sierhej^1,2, Matt G Hall^1,2, Nadia AS Smith², and Chris A Clark¹
		¹University College London, London, United Kingdom, ²National Physical Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Segmentation, Brain, Uncertainty Segmentation is crucial in analysing volumes of brain tissue compartments in studies of healthy development and pathological changes. Probabilistic segmentation is widely used, but the choice of threshold on probability maps has large effects on the resulting tissue volumes, and there is no consensus on optimal choice of such threshold. This work presents a way to minimise this effect by quantifying the uncertainty using Shannon entropy. Entropy map contains information about uncertainties in each individual voxel and this can be used to inform about uncertainty in MRI-based tissue segmentation.

5261		The relationship of brain areal activity with the entire brain’s activity
		Jie Huang¹
		¹Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
		Keywords: Data Analysis, fMRI The relationship between the activity of brain areas and that of the entire brain remains unknown. The temporal correlation of the BOLD time signal of an area with that of every point in the brain yields a full spatial map that characterizes the entire brain’s functional co-activity (FC) relative to that area’s activity. Analyzing the temporal correlation of the signal time courses of two areas and the spatial correlation of their corresponding two FC maps for all pairwise areas revealed a quantitative relationship between the activity of brain areas and that of the entire brain.

5262		The impact of data normalization and plane view in deep learning for classifying multiple sclerosis subtypes using MRI scans.
		Mahshid Soleymani¹, Yunyan Zhang², and Mariana Bento²
		¹Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, ²University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Data Processing Disease activity varies between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and patients who have a greater risk of developing a progressive course require more aggressive therapies earlier. However, differentiating disease severity is challenging using conventional methods as the disease often progresses silently. By taking advantage of one of the most advanced quantitative methods, convolutional neural networks, we aim to develop a new deep learning model to differentiate two common MS subtypes: relapsing-remitting course from secondary progressive phenotype. This study focuses on varying image pre-processing techniques and using different data views using conventional brain MRI.

5263		High-Performance FPGA-based Accelerator using Random Projection for pMRI method
		Nimra Naeem ¹, Omair Inam ², Abdul Basit ², Hammad Omer², and Tayaba Gul²
		¹Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan, ²COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
		Keywords: Parallel Imaging, Cardiovascular The random projection method reduces the dimensionality of the data to provide attractive computational advantages in the collection and processing of high-dimensional signals. In literature, it has been successfully applied for the pMRI method i.e., GRAPPA. This paper introduces a very sparse random projection matrix with the same statistical efficiency as dense matrix. The proposed method is implemented on FPGA (working with on-chip processor) device to speed up the GRAPPA reconstruction process. The reconstruction results for in vivo 30 channel human cardiac data set show 6x speed up with little loss in accuracy.

5264		Reliable Glutamate Measurements at 3T: Which Sequence should I Choose?
		Philip F. Durham¹, Humberto Monsivais¹, Gianna Nossa¹, Daniel Foti², Xiaopeng Zhou³, and Ulrike Dydak^1,4
		¹College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ²Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ³Purdue Life Sciences MRI Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ⁴Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
		Keywords: Data Acquisition, Brain, Glutamate, MRS This meta-analysis discusses the intra- and inter-subject variability of glutamate measurements in MRS, comparing widely used sequences on clinical scanners (PRESS, sLASER, MEGA-PRESS, MEGA-sLASER, HERMES). To minimize variance in glutamate measurements, the authors recommend sLASER over PRESS, non-edited over edited MRS, and OFF over DIFF spectra.

5265		Optimizing a Clinically Feasible 31P Liver MRSI Protocol at 3T
		Brian Bozymski¹, Nathan Ooms¹, and Ulrike Dydak^1,2
		¹School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ²Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
		Keywords: Data Acquisition, Liver, Fatty Liver Disease Optimizing a clinically feasible ³¹P liver MRSI protocol on a 3T SIEMENS system through the lens of a diffuse fatty liver disease study. Protocol practicality is driven primarily by scan length, patient comfort, and data quality. Voluntary scanning subjects, ranging from healthy to overweight, are sourced from the university population. Both a dual-tuned, 8-channel ¹H/³¹P phased array coil (wrapped around the whole torso) and an 11-cm-diameter flexible surface coil are available for use. Techniques, testing results, and relative advantages of either are discussed in detail, as well as the implications for each choice in a clinical setting.

5266		Influence of Gradient Polarity in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3T using HERMES
		Antonia Susnjar¹, Antonia Susnjar², Gianna Nossa³, and Ulrike Dydak^3,4
		¹Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ²Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ³School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ⁴Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
		Keywords: Data Acquisition, Data Acquisition To overcome acquisition downfalls of HERMES edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T, we have conducted critical optimization for four clinically relevant brain regions in neurological disorders by finding the optimal voxel rotation that affects gradient order to enhance data quality and reproducibility.

5267		Optimized B0 and B1+ insensitive RF pulses for non-selective T2 and diffusion preparation
		Xuetong Zhou^1,2, Brian A. Hargreaves^1,2,3, and Philip K. Lee²
		¹Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ²Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ³Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
		Keywords: New Signal Preparation Schemes, Data Acquisition The performance of conventional T2 or diffusion preparation using linear phase pulses or adiabatic pulses is limited by the B₁⁺ and B₀ field inhomogeneities, particularly relevant in body imaging. In this work, we proposed a numerical optimization strategy to design RF pulse pairs for non-selective T2 or diffusion preparation that perform robustly over a wide range of B₁⁺ and B₀ variations. Phantom and in vivo experiments compared the performance of preparation using the optimized pulses to that of linear-phase and adiabatic pulses.

5268		Radiomics analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps of parotid gland to diagnose morphologically normal Sjogren’s syndrome
		Chen Chu¹, Jie Meng¹, Huayong Zhang², Qianqian Feng¹, Weibo Chen³, Jian He¹, Lingyun Sun², and Zhengyang Zhou¹
		¹Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China, ²Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China, ³Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Radiomics, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques The study explored more promising radiomics extracted from apparent diffusion coefficient maps for diagnosing Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) without head＆neck MR morphology changes. A total of 119 consecutive SS participants and 95 healthy volunteers were prospectively analyzed by 3.0 T MR including diffusion weighted imaging. Forty-five radiomic parameters were selected and twenty-two radiomic parameters showed significant difference between SS and controls, in which 11 parameters had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) greater than 0.700. The SVM classification model differentiated SS from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.932 and 0.911 in the training and testing sets, respectively.

5269		Super-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting
		Judith Mizrachi¹, Marco Barbieri¹, Akshay Chaudhari¹, and Garry Gold¹
		¹Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
		Keywords: Hybrid & Novel Systems Technology, Data Processing, super-resolution, high resolution, Fingerprinting We introduce a novel approach, Super-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (SR-MRF), which is a combination of an optical super-resolution microscopy method, Super-resolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging (SOFI) and MR-Fingerprinting. Our preliminary results in simulated MRF data demonstrate both 2-fold resolution improvement, as demonstrated by point spread function (PSF) analysis, and tissue-type segmentation. This technique represents an original crossover between the fields of MR-imaging and super-resolution microscopy, and lays the groundwork for other such techniques to follow.

5270		Neuroimaging Correlates of Functional Motor Changes in Cognitively Impaired Cohorts
		Maurizio Bergamino¹, Elizabeth G Keeling^1,2, Sydney Y Schaefer², Anna Burke¹, George Prigatano¹, and Ashley M Stokes¹
		¹Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States, ²Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
		Keywords: Data Analysis, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques The objective of this study was to assess white matter microstructural differences between groups of healthy controls (HC), subjective memory complaints (SMC), and cognitive impairment (CI) through multi-shell free-water (FW) corrected DTI (FW-DTI) metrics and by the peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD). Additionally, brain correlations at the voxel level between a functional motor measure (two-bean transfer) and DTI metrics/PSMD were explored.

5271		The Multi-Class Segmentation of the Human Cerebral Vasculature in TOF-MRA: A Supervised Deep Learning Approach
		Karim Fathy¹, Felix Dumais², Samantha Côté ¹, Blaise Frederick³, and Kevin Whittingstall⁴
		¹Departement of Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Science, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, ²Departement of Computer Science, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, ³Departement of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States, ⁴Departement of Radiology, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Neuro, Software Tool Currently, there is no accurate fully automated multi-class method to segment the whole cerebral arterial tree in time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA). We developed an artificial intelligence based software tool to identify cerebral arteries in TOF-MRAs. We trained a neural network on a TOF-MRA dataset and labeled the cerebral arterial tree using different image processing techniques. Our software tool is fast and reliable, with no human intervention, and allows for the conduction of large-scale TOF-MRA studies while being versatile in segmenting a diverse set of TOF-MRAs.

5272		Detecting Spine Movements with a Navigator Echo for Motion Correction of Spinal Cord fMRI
		Ying Chu¹ and Jürgen Finsterbusch¹
		¹Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
		Keywords: Motion Correction, fMRI Motion correction is crucial for functional neuroimaging, however, not straightforward for applications in the cervical spinal cord because its shape, size, and inner structure barely vary along the cord’s axis. Previous spinal cord fMRI studies involved motion correction in this direction based on the vertebral disks visible in the fMRI acquisitions but for transverse slices, this approach suffers from a low spatial resolution (slice thickness typically 3.5mm or more). Here, a columnar navigator positioned along the spine is used to detect spine movements with a high spatial resolution that could be used for motion correction of spinal cord fMRI.

5273		Principal component subspace reconstruction for compressed sensing of radial quantitative MRI.
		Antti Paajanen¹, Olli Nykänen¹, Ville Kolehmainen¹, and Mikko J. Nissi¹
		¹Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
		Keywords: Sparse & Low-Rank Models, Quantitative Imaging, Image reconstruction Quantitative MRI offers unique opportunities for compressed sensing reconstructions because the signal evolution is known. Here we compare a principal component subspace reconstruction to a standard total-variation regularized compressed sensing approach with a 3-D radial variable flip angle simulation data. The simulation data allows us to measure only the effect of the chosen reconstruction. The subspace approach consistently yields similar or better image quality and does not seem to require contrast dimension regularization to achieve it.

5274		Apparent diffusion coefficient in the low-frequency limit when measured with oscillating-gradient spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging
		Jeff Kershaw¹ and Takayuki Obata¹
		¹Applied MRI Research, QST, Chiba, Japan
		Keywords: Signal Representations, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, OGSE The target of oscillating-gradient spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging (OGSE-DWI) is the spectral density of molecular diffusion, $$$u_2(\omega)$$$, which is predicted to obey a set of asymptotic universality relations that are linked to the global organisation of the sample. In principle, the complex microstructure of a medium can be classified by measuring the spectral density in its low- and high-frequency limits. However, the quantity most often measured with OGSE-DWI is the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). It was the purpose of this study to investigate how the low-frequency asymptotic behaviour of the spectral density is reflected in the ADC.

5275		Using Convolutional Neural Networks to detect and remove out-of-voxel MRS artefacts
		Aaron T Gudmundson^1,2, Kathleen E Hupfeld^2,3, Yulu Song^2,4, Helge J Zöllner^1,2, Christopher W. Davies- Jenkins^1,2, İpek Özdemir^1,2, Georg Oeltzschner^2,3, and Richard A E Edden^1,2
		¹The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ²F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, ³The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological SciencesRadiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁴The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Spectroscopy, Out-of-voxel (OOV), MRS, Artefacts, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network Out-of-voxel (OOV) artefacts, or echoes, are common in-vivo artefacts seen in MRS data. These artefacts are typically not identified until post-processing and are challenging to remove without modifying the underlying data. Here, we developed 2 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to overcome OOV artefacts at different stages. The first network (CNN1) was designed to identify OOV artefacts in single average data and offer a real-time assessment during data acquisition. The second (CNN2) predicts the OOV artefact to subtract during post-processing without impacting the metabolite data.

Physics & Engineering

Exhibition Halls D/E

Monday 17:00 - 18:00

5276		Workflow and performance measures for integrating magnetic field monitoring with an 8-channel pediatric head coil for 7T MRI
		Christian Sprang^1,2, Pedram Yazdanbakhsh^1,3, Marcus Couch⁴, Sajjad Feizollah^1,3, Christine Tardif^1,2,3, and David A Rudko^1,2,3
		¹McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada, ²Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ³Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁴Siemens Healthcare Limited, Montreal, QC, Canada
		Keywords: System Imperfections: Measurement & Correction, RF Arrays & Systems Ultra-high field MRI is particularly susceptible to dynamic magnetic field fluctuations. To address this, commercial field probes were integrated into an 8-channel dipole Tx/Rx 7 T pediatric head coil. Coil performance was assessed before and after probe integration. Probe performance was compared on and off the coil. After probe integration, reflection coefficients were maintained below -10dB in all channels, noise correlation was shown to improve, and maximum SNR was shown to decrease. Probe performance did not change substantially once mounted on the coil. Future work will aim to address the reduction in SNR observed after probe integration.

5277		A Channelized Front-End for Single Port Multi-Tuned RF Coils
		Courtney Bauer¹, Jue Hou¹, Chenhao Sun¹, and Steven M. Wright¹
		¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
		Keywords: RF Arrays & Systems, RF Arrays & Systems Increased interest in simultaneous and interleaved MR imaging and spectroscopy has led to the increased interest in multi-tuned coils and coil arrays. The introduction of single port, multinuclear coils resolves the complexity resulting from nested coils, but introduces new challenges in optimization of signal conditioning. Presented here is a channelization approach that enables frequency specific gain and filtering of signals from single port multinuclear coils.

5278		A 3T Helmholtz coil with either reduced or maximized radiation damping effects
		Roland Müller¹, Niklas Wallstein¹, André Pampel¹, and Harald E. Möller¹
		¹Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
		Keywords: Non-Array RF Coils, Antennas & Waveguides, Ex-Vivo Applications, Tiltable RF Coil, Radiation Damping Radiation damping (RD) effects may confound experiments targeted at the quantification of MR contrast parameters, in particular, in experiments in small ex-vivo specimens performed with dedicated coils supporting a high filling factor. To address this problem, a long-known principle during reception with coil arrays (preamplifier decoupling) was also applied in the transmit branch of the TxRx switch. Furthermore, adding an extra λ/4 cable between coil and TxRx switch allows to switch between minimum and maximum RD with otherwise almost equal coil characteristics. This may be further exploited for for testing pulse sequences with regards to potential RD effects.

5279		Design and construction of a 14-channel receive-only array for high resolution MRI of marmosets’ brain at 9.4T
		Daniel Papoti^1,2, Diego Szczupak¹, David Schaeffer¹, and Afonso Silva¹
		¹Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, ²Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Sao Bernardo do Campos, Brazil
		Keywords: RF Arrays & Systems, RF Arrays & Systems, Receive Arrays The present work describes the design characterization and tests of a 14-channel receive-only array for marmoset brain MRI at 9.4T. The coil was designed to maximize the SNR over the entire head of a common marmoset, considering the anesthesia apparatus, such as ear bars and anesthesia mask.

5280		Geometrical Decoupling using Clip-path Conductor for 7T Transceiver Coil Array
		Taewoo Nam¹, Yonghwa Jeong¹, Minyeong Seo², Eunwoo Lee³, Junseong Son³, Taekwan Lee⁴, Young Noh⁵, Donghyuk Kim², Daniel Hernandez², and Kyoung-Nam Kim³
		¹Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea, Republic of, ²Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea, Republic of, ³Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea, Republic of, ⁴Brain Core Research Facility, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea, Republic of, ⁵Department of Neurology, Gill Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea, Republic of
		Keywords: RF Arrays & Systems, RF Arrays & Systems, Clip-path, Transceiver Array, Decoupling, MRI We propose new geometrical decoupling method using clip-path conductor (CPC) to reduce the mutual coupling between individual elements in RF coil array. The 8-element CPC transceiver array was constructed based on electromagnetic (EM) simulation and applied to whole brain imaging at 7T.

5281		An 8-channel Transmit Array for Prostate MRI at 7T Using Six Loops and Two Dipoles: A Simulation Study.
		Aleksej Polpudenko¹, David Andrew Porter¹, and Shajan Gunamony^1,2
		¹Imaging Centre of Excellence, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, ²MR CoilTech Limited, Glasgow, United Kingdom
		Keywords: RF Arrays & Systems, Prostate Prospective 8 channel (6Tx loop + 2Tx dipole) body array intended for prostate MRI at 7T was simulated and its B₁+ and SAR performance evaluated. The study demonstrated the capability of loop-based arrays to offer competitive levels of prostate imaging performance compared to current state-of-the-art hybrid and dipole arrays reported in the literature.

5282		Demonstration of Distinct Iron Deposition Patterns in Gliomas using 7T Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping
		Demetrius Eugene Lee, B.S.^1,2, Kristina Vineis, B.S.^1,2, Laiz Godoy, M.D.^1,2, Lisa Desiderio, RT (R)(MR)^1,2, Suyash Mohan, M.D.^1,2, and Sanjeev Chawla, Ph.D^1,2
		¹Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States, ²University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
		Keywords: Tumors, Blood vessels, Glioma Evidence has shown that abnormal iron levels and gliomas are heavily correlated. Due to this, iron presents a possibility to serve as a glioma biomarker. This study will utilize susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to identify the glioma, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to explicitly classify iron deposits in the glioma on an ultra-high field (7T) scanner. A total of 6 untreated glioma patients with high- and low-grade gliomas underwent 7T QSM. Patients with high-grade gliomas showed distinct, geometric iron deposits that low-grade gliomas did not. These results illustrate that 7T QSM may be helpful in classifying low- and high-grade gliomas.

5283		Differences in vascularity between recurrent glioblastoma and brain metastasis using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI
		Sapir Fajerzstein^1,2,3, Moran Artzi^1,3,4, Deborah T. Blumenthal^4,5, Dror Limon^4,6, Orna Aizenstein⁷, Felix Bokestein^4,5, Netanell Avisdris¹, and Dafna Ben, Bashat^1,3,4
		¹Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC), Tel Aviv, Israel, ²The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering TAU, Tel Aviv, Israel, ³Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, ⁴Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Tel Aviv, Israel, ⁵Division of Oncology, TASMC, Tel Aviv, Israel, ⁶Neuro-Oncology Service, TASMC, Tel Aviv, Israel, ⁷Division of Radiology, TASMC, Tel Aviv, Israel
		Keywords: Tumors, DSC & DCE Perfusion High grade glioma (HGG) and brain-metastasis are known to have different vascularity. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) was suggested to assess disease progression, and to differentiate between tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis. However, previous methods did not relate to the differences in vascularity of the two tumor types and often offer the same method and same threshold values. We show differences between groups with: higher vascularity, slightly increased permeability, higher percent of arteries overlapping of the tumor, and differences in several radiomics features, in recurrent HGG compared with recurrent brain-metastasis. Future studies should relate to these differences between the two tumor types.

5284		Longitudinal MRI study of white matter in multiple sclerosis using surrogates measures of myelin and axonal damage.
		Gretel Sanabria Sanabria Diaz^1,2,3, Lester Melie-Garcia^1,2,3, Po-Jui Lu ^1,2,3, Muhamed Barakovic^1,2,3, Mario Alberto Ocampo Pineda^1,2,3, Xinjie Chen^1,2,3, Matthias Weigel^1,3,4, Nina Siebenborn^1,2,3, Esther Ruberte Jiménez^1,2,3, Alessandro Cagol^1,2,3, Riccardo Galbusera^1,2,3, Antoine Lutti⁵, Jens Kuhle^2,3, Ludwig Kappos^1,2,3, and Cristina Granziera ^1,2,3
		¹Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, ²Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, ³Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, ⁴Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, ⁵Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
		Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis Damage to the myelin sheath and the neuroaxonal unit are features of multiple sclerosis, as well as reparative processes for both. However, a detailed characterization of the dynamics of those in vivo is challenging. In this longitudinal study, we applied a multi-contrast quantitative MRI approach to disentangle lesion progression in vivo in patients with MS. The microstructural measures were compared between multiple sclerosis groups (55 relapsing-remitting, 24 progressive) and 34 healthy controls. Our results indicate changes in microstructural MRI measures in white matter lesions and normal appearing tissue related to myelin and axonal integrity in RRMS and PMS.

5285		In Vivo Imaging of LC-NE Integrity: Mechanisms Underlying Heath Disparity for Alzheimer’s Disease
		Yu-Shin Ding¹, Jiacheng Wang¹, Artem Mikheev¹, jingyun chen¹, and James Babb¹
		¹NYUSoM, New York, NY, United States
		Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, PET/MR Although blacks are at 2-3 times higher prevalence rate of developing AD, blacks have been under-included in many prominent AD clinical trials. The current biomarker classification system (ATN) can’t explain the increased prevalence in blacks of both AD and vascular risk factors for AD such as diabetes and hypertension when compared to whites. Our decade-long PET/MR studies have demonstrated a special vulnerability of locus coeruleus (LC) to aging and stress. Our recent study showed that a faster decline of LC function occurs in blacks. Thus, imaging LC represents a novel biomarker approach to mechanisms underlying health disparity for AD.

5286		Measurement of Sound Pressure Level (SPL) at 3T and 7T for optimization of Quiet Dynamic Zero Echo Time (ZTE) MRI
		Joshua T. Hanson¹, James H. Holmes², Vincent A. Magnotta², and Curtis A. Corum³
		¹Champaign Imaging LLC, Shoreview, MN, United States, ²Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ³Champaign imaging LLC, Shoreview, MN, United States
		Keywords: Safety, Gradients, Acoustic Measurement, ZTE, 3D Radial, Silent This abstract aims to provide a general method of measuring the acoustic noise produced by a scanning protocol and to present the acoustic differences in absolute sound pressure level. To demonstrate these methods we show results using conventional Cartesian and acoustically quieter ZTE based protocols on 3T and 7T systems.

5287		Evaluation of a Wearable Bluetooth Sensor at 0.55T
		Felix Munoz¹, Krishna Nayak², and Yasser Khan²
		¹Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, ²Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
		Keywords: New Devices, Low-Field MRI, Wearable Devices Compatibility of Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wearable sensors in the MRI environment will enable the creative use of wearable devices to monitor vital signs such as heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, temperature, and biochemical markers during a scan. In this work, we demonstrate efficacy of BLE sensors at the novel 0.55T MRI field strength and evaluate the noise in a wearable caused by rapidly switching MRI gradients, as well as MRI noise/artifacts introduced by a BLE wearable.

5288		Impacts of compressed sense-parallel imaging on lung 19F-MRI ventilation imaging measured with tissue-mimicking 1H phantoms.
		Dominic Harrison^1,2, Mary Neal^1,2, Kieren Hollingsworth^1,2, and Pete Thelwall^1,2
		¹Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, ²Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Lung, Non-Proton, 19F-MRI We used ¹H test objects to assess the ability to detect and quantify lung ventilation defects using accelerated ¹⁹F-MRI ventilation scan protocols. The test objects replicated the spin density and relaxation properties of inhaled perfluoropropane gas and are constructed with signal voids of known dimensions to simulate ventilation defects. Scans were acquired on single- and multi-channel RF receiver arrays, with multiple compressed sensing and parallel imaging (CS/CS-PI) accelerations and scan resolutions at fixed scan duration and field-of-view (FOV). A negative relationship between acceleration and measured ventilation defect diameter was observed with increasing CS acceleration factor, but not for CS-PI scans.

Pediatrics

Exhibition Halls D/E

Tuesday 8:15 - 9:15

5289		Heterogeneous regional growth process and speed in marmoset brain: multi-modal longitudinal MRI study
		Akiko Uematsu¹, Makoto Fukushima¹, Junich Hata², Ayako Murayama¹, Noriyuki Kishi³, Takuya Hayashi¹, and Hideyuki Okano^3,4
		¹RIKEN, Hyogo, Japan, ²Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan, ³RIKEN, Saitama, Japan, ⁴Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
		Keywords: Normal development, Animals “The soul of a child of three is the same at 100” may be also true among all the primates. Here, we delineate the robust value changes of T1w, T2w, and DTI metrics for the first 2 to 3 months after birth in common marmoset brain. Different temporal changes across brain regions were found by Fixel-based analysis, suggesting that different neuronal contributors of age-related structural changes. Integrating multi-modal MRI images provided more detailed insight of tissue property changes especially through development as compared with a single-modal image analysis.

5290		Characterisation of pregnancies affected by pre-eclampsia using MRI
		Megan Hall^1,2, Kathleen Colford¹, Daniel Cromb¹, Priya Jandu³, Alison Ho^1,2, Anthony Price¹, Lucy Chappell², Mary Rutherford^1,4, Lisa Story^1,2, Pablo Lamata⁴, and Jana Hutter^1,4
		¹Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ³GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁴Centre for Medical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Fetal, Fetus, Placenta; hypertension; clinical translation Maternal cardiac, placental and fetal brain anatomical and functional MRI was obtained in 63 pregnancies, including 12 with pre-eclampsia. In pregnancies affected by pre-eclampsia, placental T2* was significantly reduced compared to normal pregnancy. All women with placental histopathological anomalies consistent with pre-eclampsia showed a reduced placental T2. Fetal brain T2 was significantly lower in women with pre-eclampsia than those without, although brain volume was maintained. In women with pre-eclampsia, reduced fetal brain T2* was associated with middle cerebral artery Doppler abnormalities. Cardiac work was increased in women with pre-eclampsia.

5291		Optic nerve thickening on high-resolution MRI predicts early-stage postlaminar optic nerve invasion of retinoblastoma.
		Christiaan Marius de Bloeme¹, Sabien van Elst¹, Sophia Göricke², Pim de Graaf¹, and Marcus Christiaan de Jong¹
		¹Radiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ²Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
		Keywords: Tumors, Tumor, optic nerve invasion; quantitative; pediatric; prediction; metastases; Two radiologists with different levels of experience measured the anterior optic nerve to predict postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI) in retinoblastoma. In addition, quantitative measurements were performed using a deep-learning method 3D U-net. The results showed that measurements performed by the radiologists had an AUC of 0.88 for the detection of PLONI, while the preliminary results of the quantitative approach had an AUC of 0.63. Both methods show promising results to predict early-stage PLONI in retinoblastoma patients.

5292		Adapting the NODDI-GBSS Framework for the 1-Month Infant Brain
		Marissa DiPiero^1,2, Patrik Goncalves Rodrigues², Hassan Cordash², Jose Guerrero Gonzalez², Richard J. Davidson^3,4,5, Andrew Alexander^2,3,6, and Douglas C. Dean III^2,6,7
		¹Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ²Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ³Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁴Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁵Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁶Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁷Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
		Keywords: Neuro, Gray Matter The brain’s cytoarchitecture undergoes highly dynamic morphological changes during early life that establish the brain’s structural and functional framework and lays the foundation for future cognitive and behavioral skills. While differences in early cortical organization are thought to subserve future behavioral and psychiatric challenges, little is known regarding cortical organization in early life. For the first time, we adapt the NODDI-GBSS framework for the infant brain while keeping the data in its native diffusion space. We show feasibility for cortical skeletonization and show relationships with age across the GM microstructure within the first month of life.

5293		Glutamate in the visual cortex changes within the migraine cycle in children and adolescents
		Lydia Y Cho^1,2,3, Tiffany K Bell^1,2,3, Kate J Godfrey^1,2,3, Andrew D Hershey^4,5, Jonathan Kuziek^2,3,6, Mehak Stokoe^1,2,3, Kayla Millar^1,2,3, Serena L Orr^2,3,6, and Ashley D Harris^1,2,3
		¹Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, ²Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, ³Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, ⁴Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ⁵Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ⁶Departments of Pediatrics, Community Health Sciences, and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
		Keywords: Neuro, Spectroscopy, Migraine Migraine is a common neurological disorder in pediatrics, yet the pathophysiology remains unclear. Migraine is characterized by episodic attacks, suggesting a shifting excitation-inhibition imbalance that when tipped, will trigger an attack. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations to examine changes in these brain metabolites across different phases of the migraine attack in children and adolescents. We show fluctuations in glutamate with migraine cycle phases in the visual cortex. There were no observed changes in glutamate nor GABA in the sensorimotor cortex and the thalamus.

5294		Memory and learning relationships with hippocampal morphometry and multi-modal connectivity after pediatric severe TBI
		Jose Guerrero-Gonzalez¹, Gregory Kirk², Rasmus Birn¹, Erin Bigler³, Katherine Bowen⁴, Aimee Broman⁵, Bedda Rosario⁶, Warwick Butt⁷, Sue Beers⁸, Michael Bell⁹, Peter Ferrazzano¹⁰, and Andrew Alexander¹
		¹Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ²Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ³Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States, ⁴Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States, ⁵Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁶Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, ⁷Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia, ⁸Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, ⁹Pediatrics, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States, ¹⁰Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
		Keywords: Neuro, Traumatic brain injury Traumatic brain injury in adolescents is a major public health concern, leading to tens of thousands of hospitalizations in the U.S. each year. Our study aims to identify multimodality imaging biomarkers of long-term neurocognitive outcome after severe adolescent TBI. For this investigation we explored memory performance using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) in relation to structural and functional connectivity of the memory network, as well as hippocampal volume and fornix microstructure.

5295		Whole-brain connectivity in patients with Pediatric Cerebellar Ataxia
		Silvia Maria Marchese¹, Fulvia Palesi², Mariagrazia Bruzzone³, Anna Nigri³, Chiara Maria Pantaleoni⁴, Claudia AM Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott^2,5,6, Stefano D'Arrigo⁴, Egidio D'Angelo^2,6, and Paolo Cavallari¹
		¹Human Physiology Section of the DePT, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy, ²Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, Università degli Studi, Pavia, Italy, ³Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta", Milano, Italy, ⁴Developmental Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta", Milano, Italy, ⁵Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, London, United Kingdom, ⁶Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
		Keywords: Neuro, Brain Connectivity, Ataxia For the first time, brain networks of pediatric cerebellar ataxic patients were characterized in order to explain the different postural motor behavior of subjects suffering from non-progressive and slow-progressive illness. This work revealed volume differences in several cerebellar regions and specific alterations of white matter tracts. This result reinforces the hypothesis of the existence of a compensatory strategy which may involve cortical areas and basal ganglia to compensate for cerebellar deficits.

5296		Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
		Di Zhou¹, Ting Hua¹, Xiance Zhao², and Guangyu Tang¹
		¹Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Neuro, fMRI (resting state) MRI is an important tool available to detect brain functional and structural abnormalities of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. In this study, we found that children with ASD have increased changes in structure and both increased and decreased changes in function in the brain, which suggests that there may be some underlying pathogenic mechanism in the brain of ASD. With the combination of brain structural and functional analysis can provide a new imaging perspective for understanding the neural mechanism of ASD.

5297		Hippocampal subfield alterations and working memory in children with congenital heart disease
		Ruth O'Gorman Tuura¹, Melanie Ehrler², Nadja Naef², Alenka Schmid², Felicitas Koch², Fraser Callaghan¹, Oliver Kretschmar³, and Beatrice Latal²
		¹University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ²Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ³Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
		Keywords: Neuro, Segmentation Reduced hippocampal volumes are associated with working memory impairments in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the volumes of individual hippocampal subfields are largely unexplored in the context of different working memory domains in CHD. In 57 children with complex CHD and 82 age-matched control children, the CHD group showed smaller hippocampal subvolumes, particularly for the hippocampal tail, and poorer verbal and spatial working memory scores, which were differentially related to the hippocampal subvolumes. In addition, hippocampal volumes in cyanotic CHD were significantly smaller than in acyanotic CHD, supporting the link between hypoxia, hippocampal damage, and memory impairment.

5298		Noninvasive MRI Radiomics Features of adenohypophysis in evaluation of HPG axis activation in children.
		Dong Liu¹, Wenzhi Lv², Weiyin Vivian Liu³, and Wenzhen Zhu¹
		¹Department of Radiology, Tongji Hosptial ofTongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, ²Department of Artificial Intelligence,, Julei Technology Company, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China, Wuhan, China, ³MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing 100176, China, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Adolescents, Pediatric, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis we report for a low-cost and rapid radiomics model based on MRI data in evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activation in children. In our study, radiomics model base on CUBE T1WI showed good prediction of HPG axis activation with the AUC of 0.84 in the training set and 0.81 in the test set. The AUC of the radiomics model was higher than that of aPV and aPH in the training set. In results of DCA analysis, radiomics signature showed higher net benefit than aPV and aPH models.The MRI radiomics model may serve as a noninvasive predictor of HPG axis activation.

5299		Abnormal spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
		Kun Liu¹, Xiao-Yan Huang¹, Lu Han², and Zhi-Han Yan¹
		¹Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Neuro, Diabetes, children, cognition, fMRI It is unclear whether brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) will change in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children. We investigated brain activity and FC changes in new-onset T1DM children based on fractional amplitude of low-frequency ﬂuctuation (fALFF) and seed-based FC analysis. We found that children with new-onset T1DM showed changed fALFF values and FCs in several brain regions. Changed fALFF values were correlated with intelligence quotient (IQ) and blood glucose level. These results suggest that altered brain spontaneous activity and FC in initial-stage T1DM patients may be the potential mechanisms of subsequent visual impairment and cognitive dysfunction.

5300		Longitudinal findings from differential tractography of patients with type II GM1 gangliosidosis
		Zeynep Vardar¹, Anna Kuhn¹, Jean M. Johnston², Precilla D'Souza², Maria T. Acosta², Cynthia J. Tifft², and Mohammed Salman Shazeeb¹
		¹University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States, ²National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
		Keywords: Rare disease, Rare disease GM1-gangliosidosis is a rare heritable lysosomal storage disorder caused by accumulation of GM1-ganglioside due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme b-galactosidase required for sphingolipid degradation. Progressive accumulation of GM1-ganglioside in the central nervous system induces hypomyelination that results in progressive neurodegeneration. This study used differential tractography in 11 type II GM1 patients to assess longitudinal white matter tract changes using fractional anisotropy (FA) in different regions of the brain in late-infantile and juvenile patients. FA decrease was observed predominantly in the corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulum in supratentorial white matter structures, demonstrating the utility of differential tractography.

5301		Probing the diffusion of water and intracellular metabolites to assess white matter microstructure in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
		Rosanne Govaarts¹, Nathalie Doorenweerd^1,2,3, Emma M Broek¹, Maud E Tamsma¹, Itamar Ronen¹, Chloé F Najac¹, Kieren Hollingsworth³, Erik H Niks¹, Volker Straub^2,3, and Hermien Kan¹
		¹Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, ²Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom, ³Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Neuro, Spectroscopy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy Besides motor impairment, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients experience cognitive and behavioural symptoms. Altered white matter microstructure has been shown with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in this population. Here, we combined single volume ¹H diffusion-weighted spectroscopy (DWS) and DTI to disentangle intra- and extracellular contributions. Mean apparent diffusion coefficients of N-acetyl aspartate, choline, and creatine were comparable between DMD patients and healthy controls. In the same volume, DMD patients showed increased mean water diffusivity. This suggests that altered white matter microstructure is likely due to extracellular, rather than intracellular, changes.

5302		The Circulatory Arrest Recovery Ammonia Problem (CARAP) Hypothesis
		Daniel Spielman¹, Meng Gu², Hunter Liu¹, Shie-Chau Liu², Ralph Hurd², Kirk Riemer³, Kenichi Okamura³, and Frank Hanley³
		¹Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ²Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, ³Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
		Keywords: Neonatal, Spectroscopy, brain, cardiopulmonary bypass, neuronal injury, surgery Brain injury remains an ongoing concern for patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Observations in a neonatal pig model of build-up of blood ammonia levels may be a significant unrecognized source of metabolic stress in these surgeries. Ammonia entering the brain upon restarting the CPB pump appears highly correlated with the level of hypothermia and glutamine/glutamate appears highly correlated with brain lactate levels. These changes are also strongly dependent on the choice of surgical parameters such the use of deep hypothermia cardiac arrest (whereby all blood flow is stopped) versus antegrade cerebral perfusion (whereby brain blood flow is maintained).

5303		Functional Brain Alterations in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
		Di Zhou¹, Ting Hua¹, Xiance Zhao², and Guangyu Tang¹
		¹Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Neuro, fMRI (resting state) MRI is an important tool available to detect brain functional and structural abnormalities of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. In this study, we combined fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and neuroimages to follow-up and explore the change in functional activity in children with ASD. The combination of FMT and MRI can provide a new imaging perspective for understanding the neural mechanism of gut microbiota in ASD.

5304		Comparing Volumetric to 2D Methods in Assessing Post-treatment Response of Different Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma (pLGG) Tumor Components
		Divya Ramakrishnan¹, Marc von Reppert², Sarah C Bruningk³, Fatima Memon¹, Mark Krycia¹, Matthew Sala¹, Ryan Bahar¹, Anahita Fathi Kazerooni⁴, Ali Nabavizadeh⁴, Annette Molinaro⁵, Daphne Haas-Kogan⁶, Theodore Nicolaides⁷, Sabine Mueller⁵, Michael Prados⁵, and Mariam Aboian¹
		¹Department of Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, ²University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, ³ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, ⁵Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, ⁶Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, ⁷NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
		Keywords: Neuro, Tumor, Volumetrics Accurate response assessment is critical in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) as there is significant morbidity associated with continued treatment. Current standards for assessment rely on 2D measurements. Given the heterogenous nature of pLGG, volumetric assessment of treatment response may prove more effective. In this study, we compared 2D and volumetric methods of assessing treatment response in patients from the PNOC-002 clinical trial of pLGG. We analyzed the quantitative differences between 2D and volumetric measurements of tumor volume percent change post-treatment. We also compared classification of treatment response based on application of RANO criteria to various pLGG tumor components.

5305		Changes in Cellular and Vascular Phenotype in Pediatric Ependymoma Models by Multi-Parametric MRI: Effects of Tumor Size and Radiation Treatment
		Jane Manalo¹, Andrea M Griesinger², Jenna Steiner¹, Angela Pierce², Nicholas K Foreman³, and Natalie Julie Serkova⁴
		¹Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, United States, ²Pediatric Neurooncology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, United States, ³Pediatric Hematology Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States, ⁴Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Denver, CO, United States
		Keywords: Cancer, Animals, cell size imaging At 2022 ISMRM, we presented on simulation results of the selective size imaging using filters via diffusion times (SSIFT) in perfused irradiated cells and flank xenograft models. Here, using SSIFT and iron-oxide vessel-size imaging, we report on ependymoma (EPN) phenotypes, comparing small and large intracranial lesions: variable cell sizes fitted into SSIFT iAUC (S=14 microns small EPN, S=19 medium and S=12 large), increased vessel density index (Q=0.54 small, Q=0.62 large EPN), and low ADC (0.63x10^-3 small, 0.58x10^-3 mm2/s large EPN). Chemo-radiation treatment led to decreased gross tumor volumes, necrosis with decreased cell sizes and increased ADCs.

5306		Univariate and multivariate individual-specific tract-based spatial statistics (iTBSS) for white matter microstructure anomaly detection
		Jose Guerrero-Gonzalez¹, Jothi Venkatesh², Peter Ferrazzano³, and Andrew Alexander¹
		¹Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ²Department of Physics, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, ³Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
		Keywords: Neuro, Traumatic brain injury, Precision Medicine Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) is a voxel-based analysis (VBA) method for diffusion MRI (dMRI) data along a skelentonized representation of the brain white matter. When applied to group-level analyses of dMRI data, TBSS has been shown to improve sensitivity, objectivity, and interpretability. In this work, we introduce individual-specific tract-based spatial statistics for anomaly detection in white matter micro-structure. Results from implementation on severe pediatric TBI brains reveal heterogenous patterns of atypical white matter.

5307		Free breathing, multi-shot real-time imaging using adaptive k-space sampling (ARKS) for iCMR
		Nuri Chung¹, Ana Rodriguez-Soto², Sanjeet Hegde³, Eleanor L. Schuchardt³, Brent M. Gordon³, Ileen Cronin³, and Francisco Contijoch^1,2
		¹Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States, ²Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States, ³Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, Heart Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
		Keywords: Cardiovascular, Heart Adaptive k-space sampling (ARKS) enables real-time multi-shot imaging by quickly finding data acquired during similar cardiac phases1. In this study, we used pediatric physiologic signals to simulate ARKS and extended the approach to incorporate respiratory gating and enable free breathing acquisition. Respiratory gating was performed by cross-correlating the recent respiratory signal with previously acquired values. A correlation cutoff was used to select similar periods. As expected, higher correlation cutoffs led to lower acceptance rates. For a search period of 32 beats, respiratory gating with a correlation cutoff of 0.5 identified 6 heartbeats for multi-beat imaging.

5308		Monitoring in vitro and in vivo cell death using AXR, ADC and hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]fumarate
		Athanasia Kaika¹, Luca Nagel¹, Ulrike Höckendorf², Geoffrey J. Topping¹, Irina Beer³, Frits H. A. van Heijster¹, Philipp J. Jost^4,5, Natalia P. Ivleva³, and Franz Schilling¹
		¹School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany, ²School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany, ³Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany, ⁴Chair of Clinical Division of Oncology Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, ⁵Chair of University Palliative Care Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
		Keywords: Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, Microstructure, FEXSY, FEXI, exchange, water transmembrane permeability, cell death Filter exchange spectroscopy (FEXSY) and imaging (FEXI) were used to measure apparent exchange rate (AXR) in acute myeloid leukemia cells undergoing apoptosis, necroptosis, or necrosis. Sensitivity of AXR to membrane permeabilization in vitro, while ADC was stable, were confirmed by Annexin V/PI staining and by scanning electron microscopy of microstructural leaks upon necrosis. AXR of murine EL4 lymphoma showed negative and positive correlation with ADC and malate/fumarate ratio, respectively. Tumor H&E histological analyses show clusters of diffuse necrosis in the solid tumor region, which likely contribute to high AXR and MFR variation while ADC is still low.

5309		Age-Agnostic, Unsupervised Segmentation of Infant Brains using Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting
		Richard James Adams¹, Pew-Thian Yap², and Dan Ma¹
		¹Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, ²Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
		Keywords: Neuro, Segmentation, Atlas-Free Brain segmentation is challenging in infants, as rapid changes to tissue properties and shapes during developmental growth make atlas-based modeling difficult. We use MRF-derived image features and density-based clustering to segment 2D brain slices from subjects without assumptions about subject age, brain shape, or image intensity. Segmentations from the proposed method closely match SPM without needing different atlases for subjects of varying ages. With flexible assumptions about the number of tissues present in an image, the proposed method identifies additional tissues such as CSF partial volume voxels and neonatal myelination that are not segmented by atlas-based approaches.

5310		Attention network dysconnectivity and impaired visual search in individuals with early developmental brain injury
		Marie Drottar¹, Claire E Manley², Lotfi B Merabet^2,3, and Corinna Bauer^1,3
		¹Lab for Neuroimaging and Vision Science, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging at Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, ²Schepens Eye Research Institute,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States, ³Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
		Keywords: Neuro, Brain Connectivity, multimodal This study investigated the relationship between structural and functional disconnectivity of the dorsal and ventral attention networks and performance on a visual conjunction search task in individuals with early developmental brain injury (EDBI). Individuals with EDBI performed significantly worse than controls on the conjunction search task, as indicated by increased mean search time, higher y-intercept, and increased search time as a function of task difficulty (i.e. steeper slope). Each of these behavioural outcomes was positively correlated with connectivity measures in the dorsal and ventral attention networks, suggesting that aberrant functional and structural connectivity may underlie the observed visual search impairments.

5311		Changes in excitation/inhibition balance in infants with brain injury evaluated by MEGA-edited MRS
		Hui LIhong¹, Lin Liangjie², Cui Linfei², Yan Chenyu¹, Wei Wenjin¹, Zhang Yong¹, and Meng Yun¹
		¹The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, ²Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Prenatal, Pediatric In this study, Infants with a history of encephalopathy at born and normal infants were performed the advanced J-edited 1H MR spectroscopy technique (MEGA-PRESS) for observing the changing of excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance of the infants. The results showed significantly difference in Glx [Cr] concentrations between the two groups, and loss of excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in infants with a history of encephalopathy. The changing of excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance can partial explain the underlying metabolic mechanism.

5312		QSM Based Decreased Iron Deposition Correlates with Reduced Neurodevelopmental Status in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
		Lei Du¹, Fang Ye², and Bing Liu¹
		¹Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, ²Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Normal development, Neuro, autism spectrum disorder, Gesell Developmental Schedules, Autism Behavior Checklist, iron, child To investigate potential correlations between the susceptibility values of certain brain regions and the severity of disease or neurodevelopmental status in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 18 ASD children and 15 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. 11 brain regions as regions of interest. Pearson and Spearman partial correlation analysis was used to depict the correlations between the susceptibility values, the ABC scores, and the GDS scores in ASD group. We found that the susceptibility value of the right globus pallidus was positively correlated with the GDS-fine motor scale score.

5313		Myelin water and T1 mapping of lesions and normal appearing white matter in young adults with neonatal brain injury
		Marie Drottar¹, Yansong Zhao², and Corinna Bauer¹
		¹Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, ²Philips Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, United States
		Keywords: Neuro, White Matter, relaxometry This study used myelin water fraction (MWF) and geometric mean T2 time of the intra- and extra-cellular water fraction (IET2) derived from a multi-spin echo sequence with compressed sensing (METRICS)2, as well as T1 mapping derived from MP1RAGE to evaluate the long-term changes in myelination and white matter integrity in youths with neonatal brain injury. We observed significant differences in T1 values and IET2 of the normal appearing white matter, but not in the white matter lesions in a population of young adults with neonatal brain injury compared to controls.

5314		Comparison of brain quantitative susceptibility mapping between preterm and full-term newborns
		Shin-Eui Park¹, Eric J. Mallack¹, Yi Wang¹, Thanh D. Nguyen¹, and Zungho Zun¹
		¹Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
		Keywords: Neonatal, Quantitative Susceptibility mapping Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an emerging technique and may be utilized to assess neurodevelopmental disabilities characterized by insufficient iron content and myelination. In this study, a total of 23 full-term and 12 preterm newborns were studied using QSM. Compared to full-term, mean regional susceptibility of preterm newborns was significantly higher in the parietal white matter and was significantly lower in the frontal gray matter. This may be indicative of a regional deficit in iron deposition and myelination of the preterm newborn brain, and suggest that QSM may be used to identify early evidence of impaired neurodevelopment.

5315		Quantitative relaxometry assessment of brain microstructural abnormality of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder by Synthetic MRI
		Shuangyu Li¹, Xin Zhao¹, Lin Lu¹, Jinxia Guo², Qingna Xing¹, Yongbing Sun³, Desheng Xuan¹, and Xiaoan Zhang¹
		¹Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, ²GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China, ³Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
		Keywords: Neuro, Neuroscience Quantitative T1/T2 relaxometry can be simultaneously generated from Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) in one single scanning and short time. This study aims to use SyMRI to evaluate the brain structural changes in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the correlation between T1/T2 and ASD scores, as well as the diagnostic efficacy. We found that Synthetic T1 and T2 could be helpful for brain abnormity assessing, pathophysiological mechanism understanding and diagnosis of ASD.

5316		Altered cerebellar lobular volumes correlate with neurodevelopment and cognitive scores in children with ASD and ASD-siblings at an early age
		Manoj Kumar¹, Chandrakanta Hiremath², Eshita Bansal², Sunil Kumar Khokhar², Kommu Johnvijay Sagar³, Swetha Narayanan⁴, Akhila S. Girimaji⁵, BK Yamini⁵, Rose Dawn Bharath², Jitender Saini², and M. Thamos Kishore⁴
		¹Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India, ²Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India, ³Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India, ⁴Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India, ⁵Speech pathology and Audiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
		Keywords: Neonatal, Neonatal, Neurodevelopmental disorders, ASD Neuroimaging methods comparing individuals with ASD and healthy-controls posited a distinction in various cerebellar regions; including arrested growth of posterior vermis and reduced gray matter in right Crus I, and lobule VIII and IX. Younger cohorts of ASD, ASD-siblings, and healthy-children demonstrates volumetric differences in cerebellar lobules and look for correlation with neurodevelopmental measures. Multiple cerebellar lobules demonstrate abnormal volumes in ASD compared to ASD-sibling and healthy controls, including Vermis, dentate, and lobule I-V. Lobular volumes were also significantly correlates with social quotient, language, and cognition measures in ASD.

5317		Characterising the lifespan trajectory of six essential neurometabolites in a cohort of 100 participants.
		Alice Thomson^1,2, Duanghathai Pasanta¹, Hannah Hwa¹, Tomoki Arichi^2,3, Richard Edden⁴, Xiaoqian Chai⁵, and Nicolaas Puts^1,2
		¹Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ²MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ³Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, ⁴Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁵Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
		Keywords: Normal development, Spectroscopy, GABA, Normative, metabolites, childhood, adolescence, adult We characterised the normative lifespan trajectories of brain neurometabolites, as measured by ¹H-Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) from the posterior parietal cortex across 100 individuals (aged 5-40 yrs). Glutamate + glutamine (Glx), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutathione (GSH) showed non-linear trajectories, decreasing steeply in childhood/adolescence before a gradual, significant, decline across early adulthood. Results suggest age associated changes in brain composition may contribute to the observed trajectories. Importantly, a non-linear regression modelling approach was found to be more appropriate for neurometabolite trajectories than a linear regression model and should be considered in future to prevent simplification of data trends.

5318		Initial experience with Amide Proton Transfer weighted imaging in pediatric neuro-oncology
		Iris Obdeijn¹, Evita Wiegers¹, Sabine Plasschaert², Kim van de Ven³, Dennis Klomp¹, Hans Hoogduin¹, Maarten Lequin^1,2, and Jannie Wijnen¹
		¹Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, ²Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands, ³BIU MR, Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands
		Keywords: Neuro, CEST & MT APTw imaging has shown promising applications in diagnosing adult brain tumors. However, pediatric brain tumors differ from their adult counterparts in terms of clinical, biological, and radiological appearance. Therefore, we investigated if and how APTw imaging can be used in clinical-decision making in pediatric neuro-oncology. First, we showed the repeatability of APTw maps, allowing longitudinal assessment. Then APTw imaging was evaluated in eleven children with a brain tumor. APTw values are higher in pediatric brain tumors compared to normal-appearing white matter. Unlike studies in adults, APTw values were not significant different between low-grade glioma and high-grade glioma in these children.

5319		Evaluation of Deep Gray Matter Iron and Myelin Changes in children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
		shu su¹, Yingqian Chen ¹, Long Qian ², Yan Dai ¹, Liping Lin¹, and Zhiyun Yang¹
		¹First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, China, ²GE Healthcare, guangzhou, China
		Keywords: Neuro, Quantitative Susceptibility mapping Application of magnetic susceptibility have been consistently demonstrated in the subcortical gray matter of ADHD children, but some uncertainties remain concerning the underlying neurobiological processes. We applied quantitative susceptibility mapping and synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) to clarify the relative contribution of iron and myelin changes to deep gray matter changes in ADHD. We found that the iron and myelin concentration of these subcortical structures in ADHD were delayed in the developmental trajectory, which suggested that ADHD may be characterized by a delay in subcortical maturation and dysfunction in dopaminergic transmission.

Neuro

Exhibition Halls D/E

Tuesday 13:30 - 14:30

5320		Characterizing the Network Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder using Structural and Functional Imaging
		Natalya Slepneva¹, Tenzin Norbu², Melanie Morrison², and Andrew Moses Lee³
		¹Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, Vallejo, CA, United States, ²Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, ³Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
		Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Multimodal, brain stimulation Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment for severe, refractory OCD. We conducted post-operative DTI imaging to characterize structural connectivity from DBS electrodes. We also conducted fMRI during stimulation ON/OFF studies to elucidate the impact of DBS on functional networks in therapeutic and non-therapeutic configurations. In preliminary analysis, we find that therapeutic contacts are structurally connected to components of the OCD circuit in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), caudate, and thalamus. We also identified suppression in this cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit during therapeutic DBS ON vs OFF, suggesting DBS therapy operates by inhibiting the OCD network.

5321		Imaging sexual dimorphism in white matter across the lifespan: A rat model of healthy ageing
		Antonio Cerdán Cerdá¹, Patricia Martínez-Tazo¹, Santiago Canals², and Silvia De Santis¹
		¹Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, San Joan d'Alacant, Spain, ²Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, San Joan d'Alacant, Spain
		Keywords: Neurodegeneration, Aging White matter microstructure evolves across the lifespan due to maturation and degeneration. Recently, MR imaging in humans uncovered region- and sex-specific trajectories of microstructural integrity decline, suggesting prolonged neoteny in the female brain. Here, using advanced diffusion-weighted MRI, we characterize the contribution of different cell-specific white matter biomarkers in a longitudinal rat model of healthy ageing, from puberty to early senescence. Our results validate the use of a rat model of healthy ageing for dissecting longitudinal brain ageing patterns, replicate the sexual dimorphism found in humans and points at myelin as the neurobiological substrate driving the observed sex difference.

5322		Effects of MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Pallidotomy on Dyskinesia and Cerebral Regional Homogeneity in Parkinson’s Disease
		Andrew Furman¹, Li Jiang¹, Justin Schumacher², Ziachen Zhuo¹, Howard Eisenberg³, Paul Fishman⁴, Dheeraj Ghandi¹, and Rao Gullapalli¹
		¹Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ²University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ³Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁴Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
		Keywords: Parkinson's Disease, Focused Ultrasound MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) pallidotomy is a promising, non-invasive neurosurgical approach for treating the primary and secondary symptoms, such as levodopa-induced dyskinesia, of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). While the behavioral effects of MRgFUS pallidotomy in PD have been previously established, its impacts on brain circuity and how these changes relate to symptom resolution are currently unclear. In the current study, we compared measures of Regional Homogeneity (ReHo), a metric of spatiotemporal correlation thought to reflect the integrity and modularity of mesoscopic circuity, before and after FUS lesion of the Globus Pallidus internus (GPi).

5323		Comparing reliability of BOLD cerebrovascular reactivity of end-tidal pCO2 versus mean cerebellar signal regression in pediatric moyamoya.
		Srivats Srinivasan^1,2, Laura L Lehman¹, Julie Swanson¹, Darren B Orbach¹, and Jeffrey N Stout¹
		¹Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventions Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, ²University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
		Keywords: Blood vessels, Pediatric, Cerebrovascular, reactivity, CVR, moyamoya We compared the reliability of BOLD CVR (cerebrovascular reactivity) between two regression approaches – etpCO₂ signal and average cerebellar signal – in pediatric moyamoya patients. We estimated CVR using a lagged optimized GLM model, conducted cortical parcellation, and compared left-right hemispheric CVR differences to clinical and imaging reports. We found that etpCO₂ had poorer fits during regression compared to the cerebellar approach (p<0.0001) and incorrectly identified disease laterality in 2/8 patients. These effects were strongly observed in subjects with poor breath-hold task compliance, indicating that the cerebellar approach is more reliable for studies of young pediatric moyamoya patients.

5324		Evaluation of the effect of microbiota on brain neural fiber bundles in germ-free common marmosets by structural connectome analysis
		Chika Tokisugi^1,2, Fumiko Seki², Yuji Komaki², Takashi Inoue², and Junichi Hata^1,2
		¹Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan, ²Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
		Keywords: Brain Connectivity, Animals, microbiota This study aimed to investigate the brain–gut correlation in common marmosets. We examined germ-free (GF) common marmoset in terms of brain connectivity between brain regions using magnetic resonance imaging. We performed three-dimensional diffusion-weighted imaging, generated whole-brain tractography, and created connectome weighted by mean fractional anisotropy (FA). We compared the difference between GF and control. In GF mice, mean FA between regions showed little difference; however, these were reduced in common marmoset compared with conventional ones. Studying the effect of microbiota on common marmoset brain might capture primate-specific characteristics and would help in exploring the microbiota effects on the human brain.

5325		Feasibility of a multimodal MR Imaging and Spectroscopy approach in understanding Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
		Raminder Kaur^1,2, Kashish Mehta^1,2, Alexander Ciok^1,2, Brian Greeley¹, Kati Debelic³, Hilary Robertson³, Todd Nelson^1,2, Melody Tsai⁴, Lan Xin Zhang^1,5, Margit Glashutter^1,2, Travis Boulter⁴, Luis Nacul^4,6, and Xiaowei Song^1,2
		¹Clinical Research, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada, ²Department of Biomedical Physiology Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, ³Patient partner in Research, Community member, Vancouver, BC, Canada, ⁴BC Women's Hospital & Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, ⁵Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁶University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
		Keywords: Head & Neck/ENT, Multimodal This first multimodal MRI/MRS study aiming to investigate whether an extensive multimodal neuroimaging approach is feasible for patients with ME/CFS. The study compared female ME/CFS participants to aged matched female healthy controls. The study showed successful completion of the entire protocol that included: anatomical imaging; functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) along with a working memory task; single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify metabolites at three locations (ACC, BS, and l-DLPC); and a hand-grip strength to observe whether fatigue is induced due to the scanning protocol. It also suggested a minimum impact of the MRI session on grip strength.

5326		Quantitative susceptibility mapping of hippocampal iron relates to pattern separation and completion in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's
		Jing Zhou¹, Alfie Wearn¹, Julia Huck², Giulia Baracchini¹, Jennifer Tremblay-Mercier³, Judes Poirier^3,4, Sylvia Villeneuve^3,4,5,6, Christine Tardif ^4,6, Ana Daugherty⁷, Claudine Gauthier^2,8, Gary R Turner⁹, and R Nathan Spreng^6,10,11,12
		¹Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ²PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ³StoP-AD Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁴McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁵McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁶McConnell Brain Imaging Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁷Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, ⁸Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada, ⁹Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, ¹⁰Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada, ¹¹Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada, ¹²Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
		Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, Quantitative Susceptibility mapping, Human Memory Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to evaluate hippocampal iron in a cohort of healthy older individuals at elevated risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and related to pattern separation and pattern completion memory performance. Our results demonstrated that elevated brain iron content in the hippocampus is strongly associated with lower performance on behavioral tests specific to memory function, ie lower pattern separation scores and higher pattern completion scores. Our findings suggest that hippocampal iron deposition may be a pathological mechanism resulting in poorer mnemonic discrimination in later life

5327		Increased T1w MRI-based brain age in chronic migraine patients
		Rafael Navarro-González¹, David García-Azorín², Ángel L. Guerrero², Álvaro Planchuelo-Gómez^1,3, Santiago Aja-Fernández¹, and Rodrigo de Luis-García¹
		¹Image Processing Laboratory, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain, ²Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain, ³CUBRIC, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Aging, Migraine Brain-age is an emerging neuroimaging biomarker that represents the aging status of the brain using machine learning techniques from MRI data. It has been successfully applied to the study of different neurological and psychiatric conditions. We hypothesize that patients with migraine may show an increased brain age gap (difference between the age estimated from the MRI data and the chronological age). After building a brain age model from 2,781 healthy subjects, we tested this hypothesis on a dataset with 210 healthy controls and migraine patients. Results showed an increased brain age in chronic migraine patients with respect to healthy controls.

5328		Enhancement of Pulse Simulation in Quantifying Procedure of Very Slow CSF Flow Measurement with Shunt-FENSI
		Mingxiao Zhang^1,2, Suguna Pappu^3,4, William C. Olivero^3,4, Jason M. Huston^3,5, and Bradley P. Sutton^1,2,3
		¹Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States, ²Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ³Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, ⁴Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States, ⁵Department of Radiology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States
		Keywords: Neurofluids, Brain, Flow, Hydrocephalus, CSF, Quantitative Ventriculoperitoneal shunts drain excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for hydrocephalus patients, but shunts placed shortly after birth 50% fail within 2 years. Since rapid MRI is becoming the standard for imaging possible shunt malfunction, an MRI technique that assesses shunt flow at the same imaging setting, would be beneficial. Previously, the non-invasive quantitative method, Shunt Flow Enhancement of Signal Intensity (Shunt-FENSI), was proposed for diagnosing possible shunt failure. An improvement in its flow data simulation and quantification is included, more accurately reflecting the RF pulse application in the pulse sequence. Improvements are demonstrated on phantom, extraventricular drain (EVD), and shunt patients.

5329		SNR and Dose Considerations for Hyperpolarized 129Xe Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
		Haoran Dai¹, Elianna Bier², David Mummy³, Alexander Church³, Aryil Bechtel³, Anna Costelle¹, and Bastiaan Driehuys^1,2,3
		¹Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, ²Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, ³Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
		Keywords: Hyperpolarized MR (Gas), Spectroscopy Hyperpolarized 129Xe MR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for evaluating gas exchange, blood oxygenation and hemodynamics. However, there is no established method for determining the HP 129Xe dose equivalent required to achieve scans of sufficient quality for analysis. Here, we establish a robust approach to calculate the 129Xe MRS SNR and assess its relationship to the 129Xe dose equivalent.

5330		129Xe sublimation DNP towards hyperpolarized imaging standards
		Emma Linnea Wiström¹, Jean-Noel Hyacinthe¹, Thanh Phong Lê¹, Rolf Gruetter¹, and Andrea Capozzi^1,2
		¹Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, ²HYPERMAG, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
		Keywords: Hyperpolarized MR (Gas), Hybrid & Novel Systems Technology Sample preparation of ¹²⁹Xe for dDNP with different glassing solvents, radical choice and concentrations affects the electron properties as well as the overall achieved ¹²⁹Xe polarization. A short T_1e and/or poor mixing is improved by ad hoc solutions that results in competitive polarization values in solid state measurements. The sample preparation of ¹²⁹Xe for DNP showed an improved incorporation of the gas atoms in the solvent when using ultrasonication. Applying microwave frequency modulation during the irradiation reached a higher ¹²⁹Xe polarization. Extracted Xe was measured in a 1T NMR benchtop spectrometer to be 18s.

5331		A highly automated experimental setup to perform PHIP via proton exchange with high pressure and high reproducibility at various magnetic fields
		Jule Kuhn¹, Kolja Them¹, and Jan-Bernd Hövener¹
		¹Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig - Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
		Keywords: Hyperpolarized MR (Non-Gas), Contrast Agent The PHIP-X methodology is a novel approach to produce contrast agents for metabolic MRI by hyperpolarization and combines the high polarization resulting from pH₂ addition with the versatility of proton exchange. However, the polarization yield and reproducibility have to be improved. The proposed setup provides reproducible and well controlled experimental conditions for PHIP-X, including a pH₂ pressure of up to 100 bar and a magnetic field of up to 95 mT. Using this setup allowed to reach high ¹H polarizations of the transfer agent and to transfer the polarization to ¹³C in the target molecule glucose successfully.

5332		Reproducibility of 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine in human brain using selPOCE MRS at 7T upon [U-13C]-labeled glucose infusion
		Narjes Ahmadian^1,2, Sarah M Jacobs¹, Mark Gosselink¹, Wybe JM van der Kemp¹, Hans Hoogduin¹, Anastasia Coppoli³, Graeme F Mason³, Robin A de Graaf³, Helia Norouzizadeh⁴, Chantal Mahon⁵, Sjoerd van Marle⁶, Pieter van Eijsden², Dirk Cerneus⁶, Corin O Miller⁵, Inge De Lepeleire⁴, Anthony S Basile⁵, Dennis W Klomp¹, Jeanine J Prompers¹, and Evita C Wiegers¹
		¹Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, ²Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, ³Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, ⁴MSD (Europe) Inc, Brussel, Belgium, ⁵Merck & Co. Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, United States, ⁶ICON plc, Groningen, Netherlands
		Keywords: Non-Proton, Metabolism, 13C The aim of this study is to assess the reproducibility of a selective proton-observed, carbon-edited (selPOCE) MRS sequences for the detection of glutamate/glutamine cycling at 7T in healthy participants. Participants were scanned twice while undergoing [U-¹³C] glucose infusion. The time course of Glu C45 and Gln C45 labeling were similar for test-retest measurements. This supports the application in future studies on measuring neuroenergetics and neurotransmitter cycling.

5333		Prediction meningioma grade by constructing a cli-radiomics model nomogram based on magnetic resonance imaging
		Tao Han¹, Xianwang Liu¹, and Junlin Zhou¹
		¹Lanzhou University Second Hospital, LanZhou, China
		Keywords: Tumors, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence This study investigate the feasibility of a cli-radiomics model in preoperative noninvasive prediction of meningioma grade. This study attempted to construct a radiomics model for predicting meningioma grade based on T1C and T2WI sequences using different classifiers, select the optimal radiomics model, and combine it with clinical labels to construct a nomogram. Decision curve analysis was used to verify the clinical validity of the nomogram, which provides a non-invasive and convenient alternative method for clinicians to predict meningioma grades.

5334		The effect of elevated serum lactate on measures of apparent cerebral metabolism and perfusion in the anesthetised rodent brain.
		Jordan McGing¹, Daniel Radford-Smith², Richard Healicon³, Catriona H. E. Rooney³, Ayaka Shinozaki¹, Surrin Deen³, Tricia Seow³, Vicky Ball³, Fulvio Zaccagna ³, Sean Smart⁴, Daniel Anthony², Damian J Tyler^1,3, and James T Grist^1,3,5,6
		¹Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ²Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ³Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ⁴Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ⁵Department of Radiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, ⁶Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Neurodegeneration, Hyperpolarized MR (Non-Gas) It is unclear how serum lactate perturbations influence the quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism using proton perfusion imaging and hyperpolarized ¹³C MRI. Low dosage L-lactate injection increased CBF and cerebral LDH flux, whilst high dosage lactate decreased CBF and maintained the increased LDH flux, relative to saline administration. Lactate administration did not alter apparent oxidative metabolism. This suggests the efficacy of probing oxidative metabolism with ¹³C MRI when alterations in serum lactate are present (e.g. in pathology). But highlights the requirement for serum lactate measurement prior to interpretation of ¹³C metabolic data.

5335		7T MRI and CSF correlates of brain iron accumulation, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in Huntington's Disease: Study Protocol
		Nadine van de Zande¹, Marjolein Bulk², Chloé Najac², Louise van der Weerd^2,3, Jeroen de Bresser², Jan Lewerenz⁴, Itamar Ronen⁵, and Susanne de Bot¹
		¹Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands, ²Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands, ³Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands, ⁴Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, ⁵Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Neuroinflammation, Quantitative Susceptibility mapping, Huntington's Disease HD is a rare, autosomal dominant inherited, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. Strong evidence suggests a significant role for iron accumulation and neuroinflammation in HD. Previous studies already showed iron accumulation in the brain of patients with HD, but no other study linked these results with well-accepted biofluid biomarkers for neuroinflammation, or with neuroimaging methods to assess neuroinflammation. This study will provide an important basis for the evaluation of brain iron levels and neuroinflammation metabolites as imaging biomarkers for disease state and progression in HD and their relationship with the salient pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease.

5336		Brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study
		Yuan Li¹, Yuhan Jiang¹, Bingbing Gao¹, Mingrui Qu¹, Qingwei Song¹, and Yanwei Miao¹
		¹the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
		Keywords: Nerves, Kidney End-stage renal disease is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, often complicated by abnormal brain structure and neurocognitive function. In this study, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) measurement was used to observe the volume change of gray matter structure in ESRD patients. Patients with ESRD were found to have atrophy in the right Cerebelum_Crus1, bilateral Cerebelum_6, left Temporal_Pole_Sup, left Putamen, bilateral Calcarine (CAL), bilateral Lingual (LING), left Rolandic_Oper, left Heschl, right Cuneus, bilateral Postcentral. Furthermore, the volumes of the right Cerebelum_Crus1, bilateral CAL, left Cerebelum_6, bilateral LING were positively correlated with overall cognitive score.

5337		Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with a distinct type and cerebral structural changes
		Huiyang Liu¹, Hu Liu¹, and Guoguang Fan¹
		¹the First Hospital of China Medical University, shenyang, China
		Keywords: Gray Matter, Neuroinflammation, NPSLE We used the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate morphological alterations within gray matter (GM) in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus (NPSLE). The two subgroups (inﬂammatory and ischemic phenotypes) have different pathological mechanisms and treatment methods. In the comparison of grey matter volumes within the two patient groups, we found brain atrophy was more severe in the inflammatory group and that the atrophied brain areas were consistent with previous studies of the blood-brain barrier in patients with autoimmune disease. Our findings could help to deeply understand the pathophysiology of NPSLE, and to treat lupus patients early to improve their prognosis.

5338		Intra-plaque hemorrhage of the basilar artery is a risk factor for recurrent pontine infarction
		Chuanying Shi¹, Peng Wu², and Xiance Zhao²
		¹Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Shang Hai, China
		Keywords: Blood vessels, Ischemia Compared with the first episode of pontine acute infarction, the risk factors of the basilar artery (BA) wall of recurrent pontine acute infarction have not been fully defined. In this study, high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HRMR-VWI) was used to compare the changes of BA wall in patients with first-onset and recurrent pontine acute infarction, to find the risk factors of the BA wall in patients with recurrent pontine acute infarction. The result showed intra-plaque hemorrhage (IPH) of the BA wall identified on HRMR-VWI is associated with recurrent ischemic stroke.

5339		Spatial Correspondence Between fMRI and Frequency-Specific Electrophysiological Networks in Treatment Resistant Depression
		Niki Sabetfakhri¹, Joline Fan², Natalya Slepneva ¹, Julian Motzkin^2,3, Melanie Morrison⁴, Leo Sugrue⁴, Andrew Krystal¹, and A Moses Lee ¹
		¹Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, ²Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, ³Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, ⁴Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
		Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, fMRI (resting state), Stereoencephalography (sEEG) Here, we obtained pre-operative fMRI and intracranial recordings from two subjects with treatment-refractory depression undergoing stereoencephalography as part of a DBS study. Intracranial recordings were obtained from leads bilaterally implanted in the orbitofrontal cortex, subgenual cingulate, ventral striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala. fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was calculated for ROIs defined by the recording sites. We identified significant spatial correlations between power bandpassed in canonical frequency bands and fMRI RSFC. Correlations between both modalities were highest within the beta band. These data suggest that it is possible to map between networks defined by fMRI and intracranial electrophysiology.

5340		Glymphatic system impairment in migraine: relation with chronic pain
		Xinying Wu ¹, Tong Fu¹, Yujia Gao¹, Hai Lin², Yongming Dai², Xiaobin Huang¹, Di Zhang¹, Xindao Yin¹, Lindong Liu¹, and Peng Wang¹
		¹Department of Radiology, Nanjing first hospital，Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, ²Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Blood vessels, Diffusion Tensor Imaging The glymphatic system is a recently discovered waste drainage system in the brain that involves movement of the cerebrospinal fluid along the perivascular space. In this study, we conducted a non-invasive method, diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), to investigate the glymphatic system’s function in migraine and its association with brain atrophy and clinical symptoms. Abnormalities were identified in the glymphatic system of patients with migraine, compared with normal controls. The associations between ALPS-index and neuropsychological performance suggested the potential of ALPS-index as a biomarker for brain dysfunction.

5341		Dynamic Alterations of Spontaneous Neural Activity and Its Association with Neurocognitive Function in Sport-related Concussion
		Wenjing Huang¹, Laiyang Ma¹, Wanjun Hu¹, Yu Zheng¹, Yuhui Xiong², and Jing Zhang¹
		¹Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China, ²GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, fMRI (resting state), sports-related concussion Sports-related concussion (SRC) is a complex and heterogeneous injury with psychological, cognitive, and functional consequences. Cognitive impairment is common following SRC, but the neural basis is unclear. In this study, the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and dynamic ReHo (d-ReHo) were obtained from rs-fMRI of both 31 SRC athletes and 7 non-SRC (NSRC) athletes. We found increased ReHo and d-ReHo in the SRC group, and the changes of d-ReHo in the right precuneus correlated with cognitive function. Our findings suggested that altered dynamics in the intrinsic brain activity might be a potential biomarker for explaining the cognitive function decline of SRC.

5342		Exploring the Frontal Aslant Tract in Tourette syndrome: a connectivity study
		Domenico Aquino¹, Daniela Eldahaby², Emanuele La Corte³, Vincenzo Levi³, Elena Greco², Greta De Michelis¹, Riccardo Pascuzzo¹, Alessandro Gans², Malte Ottenhausen⁴, Luigi Michele Romito⁵, Maria Grazia Bruzzone¹, and Graziano Serrao²
		¹Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy, ²Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, ³Neurosurgery Department, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy, ⁴Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, ⁵Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
		Keywords: White Matter, Tractography & Fibre Modelling This study investigates for the first time microstructural alteration of the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) in nine subjects with TS compared to twelve healthy subjects. FAT was reconstructed trough Spherical Deconvolution (SD) and parameters derived from Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Neuritis Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) were extracted. We observed a Fractional Anisotropy (FA) reduction, indicating a greater disorganization of fibers, and accordingly an increased Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI), which indicates more dispersed fibers. We also highlighted a negative correlation between motor tic severity (quantified by the YGTSS) and neurite density (ND) and free water fraction (FISO).

5343		The value of Synthetic MRI combined with histogram analysis in predicting treatment response to chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
		Fan Yang¹, Haoran Wei¹, Yujie Li¹, Xiaoduo Yu¹, Lizhi Xie², and Meng Lin¹
		¹Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China, Beijing, China, ²GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Head & Neck/ENT, MR Fingerprinting, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; treatment response; Synthetic MRI Almost 80% nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients are diagnosed with locoregionally-advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis. Early detection of treatment response is important for adjusting therapy regimens. SyMRI could not only generate multi-contrast images (including T1WI, T2WI and PDWI) in a single scan, but also generate quantitative T1, T2 and PD maps. Our study demonstrated that SyMRI combined with histogram analysis could non-invasive predict early treatment response. The predict performance of combined SyMRI and clinical factors was significantly higher than clinical only or TNM stage only.

5344		The association between adverse childhood experience, PTSD diagnosis and White matter integrity.
		Richard Okyere Nkrumah¹, Claudius von Schröder², Traute Demirakca ¹, Christian Schmahl², and Gabriele Ende¹
		¹Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, ²Clinic for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
		Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Trauma, Adverse childhood experiences, PTSD, White matter integrity Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are well-known risk factors for the development of PTSD later in life. The overall effect of ACE on WM integrity and the moderation effect of PTSD in this relation are still being researched. Using a total of 78 participants with any form of ACE, we show that ACE was negatively correlated with WM integrity in the genu and body of the corpus callosum and the bilateral uncinated fasciculus after controlling for overall psychological burden. The overall strength of this effect changed in corpus callosum and uncinated fasciculus when PTSD was added as a moderator variable.

5345		7-Tesla in-vivo 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of glutamate and GABA in 22q11.2 copy number variants.
		Chaira Serrarens¹, Desmond HY Tse², Esther Steijvers-Peeters², Kim Brouwers², David Linden¹, Claudia Vingerhoets¹, and Therese van Amelsvoort¹
		¹Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, ²Scannexus BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
		Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Spectroscopy, Genetic Diseases 22q11.2 copy number variants (22q11.2 CNVs) are associated with either an increased or a reduced risk of developing psychotic disorders and impaired cognitive functioning. Glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways are hypothesized to be disrupted in 22q11.2 CNV patients. Although a balance between glutamate and GABA is necessary for optimal brain functioning, to date, GABA has not been studied in 22q11.2 CNVs. Here, we investigated glutamate and GABA concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex in patients with 22q11.2 CNVs using 7-Tesla 1H-MRS. Our results showed no significant differences in glutamate and GABA concentrations between 22q11.2 CNV patients and healthy controls.

5346		Differential lesion volume progression following MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for Essential Tremor
		Conrad P Rockel^1,2, Sarah Scott³, Erin L Mazerolle⁴, Samuel Pichardo^1,2, Davide Martino^1,2, Tejas Sankar⁵, Zelma Kiss^1,2,6, and Bruce Pike^1,2
		¹Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, ²Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, ³University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, ⁴Dept of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada, ⁵Dept of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, ⁶Dept of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
		Keywords: Neurodegeneration, Focused Ultrasound, Movement disorders; treatment Following MRgFUS thalamotomy for Essential Tremor, it was observed that lesions in some patients re-enlarged after the 3-month timepoint following surgery, based on T1-weighted MRI. After grouping patients as NonEnlargers and Enlargers based on this observation, we did not observe significant between-group differences in clinical measures of tremor beyond the 3-month timepoint. Patient demographic- and MRgFUS-related factors did not differ between groups. However, patients in the NonEnlarger group demonstrated significantly greater tremor severity prior to and in early timepoints following MRgFUS thalamotomy, suggesting that the relationship between tremor severity and longitudinal lesion progression may be worthy of further investigation.

5347		Reduced white matter axonal density in bipolar disorder using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI)
		Gail I. S. Harmata¹, Hesam Abdolmotalleby¹, John E. Barsotti¹, Jess G. Fiedorowicz^1,2, Aislinn Williams¹, Gary Christensen¹, Jia Xu¹, Joseph J. Shaffer^1,3, Jeffrey D. Long¹, Jenny Gringer Richards¹, Leela Sathyaputri¹, Samantha L. Schmitz^1,4, John A. Wemmie¹, Vincent A. Magnotta¹, and Merry Mani¹
		¹University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ²University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, ³Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, United States, ⁴Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, United States
		Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, White Matter, bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder is a serious psychiatric condition whose cause remains unknown. Previous diffusion MRI studies suggest white matter alterations may be involved, but standard diffusion tensor scalars provide limited information regarding potential pathophysiology. Here we used Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) to examine select white matter bundles to provide additional information regarding changes in microstructure. We found that the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum hippocampus, and corpus callosum genu showed evidence of reduced axonal density, suggesting axonal loss or altered neurodevelopment. Additional work is necessary to determine how this pattern changes over time, and how it relates to mood lability.

5348		Long-term cannabis use and brain structure: an MRI study of a New Zealand longitudinal birth cohort
		Rebecca M. Lee^1,2, James A. Foulds³, Reza Shoorangiz², Mustafa M. Almuqbel⁴, Campbell Le Heron^1,2,5, Lana Cleland³, Ross J. Keenan⁴, Roger Mulder³, Richard J. Porter³, Giles Newton-Howes⁶, Katie M. Douglas³, Anthony P. H. Butler⁷, Joseph M. Boden³, and Tracy R. Melzer^1,2
		¹Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand, ²New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand, ³Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand, ⁴Pacific Radiology Group, Christchurch, New Zealand, ⁵Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand, ⁶Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand, ⁷Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
		Keywords: Gray Matter, Brain, Cannabis This study investigated whether cannabis use during adolescent and early adulthood was associated with long-term brain differences into middle-age, using structural T1-weighted, ASL, and diffusion MRI. Compared to non-using controls, users exhibited significantly less grey matter volume in the hippocampus and amygdala (p < 0.05). We observed no significant between-group differences in cerebral blood flow or white matter integrity. While cannabis may relate to long-term brain changes, prospective longitudinal MRI studies may help to elucidate causality.

5349		Blood-brain barrier damage and new-onset refractory status epilepticus: an explorative study using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
		Huiping Li¹, Xian Liu², Ruihong Wang¹, Aili Lu¹, Zhaohui Ma¹, Shibiao Wu¹, Hongji Lu¹, Yaming Du³, Kan Deng⁴, Lixin Wang¹, and Fang Yuan¹
		¹Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China, ²Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China, ³Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China, ⁴Philips Healthcare, Guangzhou, China
		Keywords: Epilepsy, DSC & DCE Perfusion, new-onset refractory status epilepticus; status epilepticus This is the first study investigating blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). BBBs of NORSE patients were impaired diffusely, and they had significantly higher BBB permeability in the basal ganglia and thalamus compared to encephalitis patients without status epilepticus (SE). Our preliminary findings demonstrate that BBB dysfunction in the basal ganglia and thalamus plays an important role in the pathophysiology of NORSE.

5350		Mapping astrogliosis in the individual human brain using multidimensional MRI
		Dan Benjamini¹, David S Priemer², Daniel P Perl², David L Brody², and Peter J Basser³
		¹National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States, ²Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States, ³National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States
		Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Microstructure There are currently no noninvasive imaging methods available for astrogliosis mapping in the brain despite its essential role in the response to many disease states. In an ex vivo human brain study we used diffusion-relaxation MRI to derive a signature of astrogliosis and disentangle it from normative brain at the individual level using machine learning. We developed a within-subject anomaly detection procedure that generates MRI-based astrogliosis maps ex vivo, which were significantly and strongly correlated with co-registered histology. Our findings demonstrated spatial sensitivity and specificity in detecting reactive astrocytes, and could significantly impact the studying of injury, disease, and aging.

Body

Exhibition Halls D/E

Tuesday 15:45 - 16:45

5351		Predictive models for early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma without microvascular invasion in patients after hepatectomy
		Qi Qu¹, Tao Zhang¹, Xue-Qin Zhang¹, Meng-Tian Lu¹, Lei Xu¹, and Xian-Ce Zhao²
		¹Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China, Nantong, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Liver, Cancer To assess the predictive value of preoperative gadoxetic acid (GA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and postoperative histopathological grading for early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without microvascular invasion (MVI) after curative hepatectomy. The results of the present demonstrated that our predictive model incorporating postoperative Edmondson-Steiner grade and preoperative imaging features including peritumoral hypointensity on HBP and RIR on HBP (Model-2) represents a promising model to assess the risk of early recurrence after resection of MVI-negative HCC. This predictive model may help clinicians formulate more aggressive and personalised treatment plans way earlier to improve patient prognosis and reduce early recurrence.

5352		A feasibility study of susceptibility source separation via chi-separation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients at 7T
		Jiye Kim¹, Hyeong-Geol Shin^2,3, Sooyeon Ji¹, Hwihun Jeong¹, Hongjun An¹, Cheol-Ho Sohn^4,5, Sohyun Han⁶, Huijin Song⁷, Ju-Hee Chae⁸, Seok-Jin Choi⁹, Jung-Joon Sung⁹, and Jongho Lee¹
		¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, ²Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, ³F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, ⁴Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, ⁵Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, ⁶Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea, Republic of, ⁷Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, ⁸Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea, Republic of, ⁹Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
		Keywords: Susceptibility, Susceptibility The in-vivo imaging of iron and myelin concentrations of the motor cortex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients has significance in advancing knowledge about the degeneration progress of the disease. Here, we explored the feasibility of applying 𝜒-separation to ALS patients in-vivo at 7T. When the susceptibility values in hand knobs are examined, ALS patients have higher positive susceptibility values than healthy controls, confirming the histological finding of iron accumulation in ALS.

5353		Differentiation of stage IA and IB endometrial cancer using texture analysis based on T2 -weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging
		Meiyu Sun¹ and Shuli Cui¹
		¹Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
		Keywords: Contrast Mechanisms, Uterus, Endometrial Cancer In our study, Imagingomics texture analysis in DWI and T2WI showed the correlation and inverse gap of glcm, glrlm-RunLengthNonUniformityNormalized and shortRunEmphasis are more effective in identifying stage IA and IB EC . And the diagnostic efficacy combined parameter analysis were higrer and bettter than the single parameter analysis.

5354		Imaging features and differential diagnosis of Zinner's syndrome: what radiologists should know
		Yue Zhao¹, Xiuhong Guan², Yongzhou Xu³, Xinqing Jiang², and Ruimeng Yang²
		¹Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China, ²Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China, ³Philips Healthcare, Guangzhou, China
		Keywords: Urogenital, Pelvis Zinner's syndrome is a rare congenital urogenital abnormality. Since this disease is rare, knowledge about its imaging manifestations by clinical surgeons and radiologists is inadequate. In this study, data of 11 cases of Zinner's syndrome were retrospectively analyzed, and their morphological characteristics on imaging changes were investigated, aiming to improve the knowledge and differential diagnosis of this disease. The relevant images of Zinner's syndrome show characteristic manifestations, so the seminal vesicle cysts and isolateral kidney development must be carefully observed. Comprehensive judgement should be made according to urogenital mutation or deformity and systemic development situation.

5355		Standardized QC procedure for vendor-implemented ADC correction of gradient nonlinearity bias in multi-center clinical trials
		Thomas L Chenevert¹, Yuxi Pang¹, Debosmita Biswas², Ramesh Paudyal³, Amaresh Konar³, Jiachao Liang⁴, Lisa J Wilmes⁴, Nastaren Abad⁵, Luca Marinelli⁵, Humera Tariq¹, Ajit Devaraj⁶, Dallas Turley⁷, Johannes M Peeters⁸, Nola M Hylton⁴, David C Newitt⁴, Savannah C Partridge², Amita Shukla-Dave^3,9, and Dariya Malyarenko¹
		¹Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, ²Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, ³Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, ⁴Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, ⁵GE Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, United States, ⁶Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Highland Heights, OH, United States, ⁷Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA, United States, ⁸Clinical Science, Philips, Best, Netherlands, ⁹Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
		Keywords: Cancer, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, ADC measurement accuracy, system gradient nonlinearity correction, multi-center oncology imaging trials Gradient nonlinearity (GNL) induces spatial bias in diffusion b-value that confounds apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements for anatomy offset from MRI scanner isocenter. For emerging vendor-provided GNL correction (GNC) a standardized quality control (QC) procedure is desired to streamline GNC application for multi-site imaging trials that utilize ADC for tumor monitoring and therapy response assessment. This QC procedure was developed and tested on four MRI scanner systems with vendor-provided on-line ADC GNC for trial-specific phantoms and patient scans for head-and-neck, breast, and myelofibrosis cancers.

5356		Comprehensive evaluation of carotid body tumor complicated with carotid plaque by high resolution vascular wall imaging in plateau area
		Xindong Sun¹ and Haihua Bao¹
		¹Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
		Keywords: Vessels, Tumor This study investigated risk factors for Carotid body tumor(CBT) in plateau areas, compared the incidence of CBT at high altitude group and low altitude group, and investigated the relationship between CBT and ipsilateral carotid plaque.The results showed that the incidence of CBT was higher at high altitude group than at low altitude group, and CBT will increase the incidence of ipsilateral carotid plaque.high resolution magnetic resonance vascular wall imaging(HR-VWI) has more advantages in the diagnosis of carotid body tumor than conventional MR Imaging.

5357		Evaluation of renal injury in chronic kidney disease by Look-Locker T1 mapping
		Wei Mao¹, Xiaoqiang Ding¹, Caixia Fu², Yuqin Ding¹, Dominik Nickel³, Mengsu Zeng¹, and Jianjun Zhou¹
		¹Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ²MR Application Development, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China, ³MR Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
		Keywords: Kidney, fMRI, chronic kidney disease;T1 mapping magnetic resonance imaging;renal injury Accurate assessment of renal injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is significant for delaying the progression of CKD to end-stage renal disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of Look-Locker T1 mapping in the assessment of renal function in healthy adults, but its application in the assessment of renal injury in CKD is still in the exploratory stage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the value of T1 mapping in evaluating renal injury in CKD.

5358		Preliminary Evaluation of the Tumor Vessels Based on Ultrafast DCE MRI in Differential Diagnosis of Breast Tumors (BI-RADS 4)
		hongbing liang¹, lina zhang¹, ning ning¹, nan zhang², qi wu¹, zhuo wang¹, qingwei song¹, ailian liu¹, and yinghua guo³
		¹First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, CHINA, Dalian, China, ²zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, CHINA., Shanghai, China, ³Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Breast, Blood vessels The occurrence and development of the breast cancer are closely related to the growth and infiltration of blood vessels.This study mainly analyzed the correlation between the maximum diameter of benign and malignant breast tumors, the number of peripheral blood vessels and the first appearance of vascular phase. It is concluded that the number of blood vessels had a certain value in distinguishing benign and malignant breast tumors. There existed a certain correlation between the maximum diameter of malignant tumor and the number of blood vessels.

Cardiovascular

Exhibition Halls D/E

Tuesday 16:45 - 17:45

5359		Observation of the Cerebral Perforating Arteries around Circle of Willis Using Compressed Sensing Time-of-Flight at 7T
		Qingle Kong¹, Zhe Zhang^2,3, and Jing Jing^2,3,4
		¹MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Beijing, China, ²Tiantan Neuroimaging Center of Excellence, Beijing, China, ³Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China, ⁴Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurology Department, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Vessels, perforating arteries, ultra high resolution The impairment of microvessels can lead to neurologic diseases such as stroke and vascular dementia. Perforating arteries imaging requires an extremely high resolution due to their small caliber size. In this study, for the first time, the feasibility of noninvasive visualization of perforators around Circle of Willis in vivo was demonstrated by using 7T compressed sensing TOF. The number of stems and branches of the perforators was then calculated. The origin and anatomical distribution of the perforating arteries are described. This work revealed that ultra-high-resolution CS TOF might be a promising method for detecting microvasculopathies of cerebral vascular diseases.

5360		MRI-Driven Lorentz Force-based Mechanical Removal of Arterial Occlusions
		Martin Francis Phelan¹ and Metin Sitti^1,2,3,4
		¹Physical Intelligence, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany, ²Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, ³Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
		Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Mechanical Thrombectomy MR angiography provides high resolution visualization of blood vessels for analyzing arterial occlusions. However, these conditions require the use of a guidewire/catheter for treatment. Catheters integrated with microcoils for actuation under the high (3-7 Tesla), uniform magnetic field within magnetic resonance (MR) scanners have enabled mechanical removal of arterial occlusions. This work introduces an electromagnetic rotablation design, allowing direct tip torque control for both steering and drilling. Results demonstrate in vitro rotational thrombectomy with torque outputs up to 12 mN·m under MR guidance. These results indicate the high MRI external field can provide rotablation for difficult-to-reach areas of the vasculature.

5361		Validation of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) as a surrogate marker of vascular density in a rat model of co-morbidities
		Bram Callewaert^1,2, Willy Gsell², Marleen Lox¹, Elizabeth Jones^1,3, and Uwe Himmelreich²
		¹Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ²Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ³Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
		Keywords: Vessels, Blood vessels We assessed whether Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MRI measurements can detect differences in cerebral vascular density obtained by quantitative immunohistochemistry. In vivo IVIM measurements were correlated with invasive measurements of the microvascular density in a rat model of vascular comorbidities. Our results indicate that IVIM can be used to indirectly measure difference in the vascular density of different brain regions

5362		Automatic detection method for the stationary period of the coronary arteries for whole-heart coronary MR angiography using deep learning
		Shigehide Kuhara¹, Remina Kasai², Yuta Endo¹, Sanae Takahashi¹, Haruna Shibo¹, Kuninori Kobayashi¹, and Makoto Amanuma¹
		¹Department of Medical Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan, ²Radiology Department, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
		Keywords: Vessels, Cardiovascular, Coronary MRA We developed a new method using a convolutional neural network to obtain the stationary periods of the coronary arteries for whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography. A time-domain segmentation method using U-net was proposed. Two motion curves, which were obtained from the motion of the coronary arteries between cine frames, were vertically arranged, converted to motion images, and used to extract the stationary periods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately determine the stationary period of the coronary arteries in humans, and it is expected to be a fully automatic determination method for the stationary period.

5363		Diffusion Time Spectrum Analysis Observation of Aquaporin Functional Dynamics
		Ayano Oku^1,2, Junichi Hata^1,2,3, Naoya Hayashi^1,2, Hinako Oshiro^1,2, Kanako Muta¹, Yawara Haga^2,3, Taeko Ito², Ryousuke Nakajima^2,3, Noriyuki Kishi^2,3, and Hideyuki Okano^2,3
		¹Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan, ²RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan, ³Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
		Keywords: Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, diffusion time The function of water molecule exchange on the plasma membrane by aquaporins was evaluated using HEK293T cultured cells. Time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which diffusion time (DT) was varied in 14 steps from 13 to 784 ms, was used to observe differences in water molecules and the permeability of the cell membrane with and without aquaporin inhibition. The diffusion coefficient increased with increasing DT in normal cells, but not in aquaporin 4-inhibited cells. These results suggest that time-dependent diffusion MRI may capture the function of water molecule exchange at the plasma membrane.

5364		Modelling Whole-Lung and Regional Carbon Monoxide Transfer Factor with Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI in Asthma and COPD Patients
		Jemima H Pilgrim-Morris¹, Laurie J Smith¹, Joshua R Astley^1,2, Laura C Saunders¹, Guilhem J Collier¹, Alberto M Biancardi¹, Bilal A Tahir^1,2,3, Helen Marshall¹, Latife Hardaker⁴, Titti Fihn-Wikander⁵, Rod Hughes⁶, Roger Thompson¹, Neil J Stewart¹, and Jim M Wild^1,3
		¹POLARIS, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, ²Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, ³Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, ⁴Priory Medical Group, York, United Kingdom, ⁵Evidence Delivery, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, BioPharmaceuticals Business Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden, ⁶Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Hyperpolarized MR (Gas), Lung, Modelling Hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe ventilation and dissolved-phase MRI metrics were used to predict the carbon monoxide transfer factor (TL_CO) in the lungs of patients with asthma and/or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) using two linear regression models: (1) an existing analytical model based on physiology and (2) a machine learning model, which also included patient age and sex in the prediction. The machine learning model was further extended to create TL_CO maps, providing a regional visualization of this gold standard measure of gas transfer.

5365		An exploratory study to investigate the effect of light music on whole-heart coronary MRI
		Weiwei Wang¹, Yang Wu¹, Peng Sun², Haixia Li², Yanyan Jiang¹, and xiaojing Ma¹
		¹MRI, Wuhan asia general hospital, Wuhan,HUBEI, China, ²Philips Healthcare,Beijing, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Vessels, Cardiovascular, compressed sensing Whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a noninvasive, contrast-free, and radiation-free technique for evaluating the origin, morphology, and stenosis of coronary arteries. Nonetheless, a patient's anxious mood results in a longer scan time or lower imaging quality. Previous research has shown that listening to music can alleviate anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we found no statistical difference in scanning time and imaging quality with CS acceleration factors (AFs) of 2,4,6 in the music and no-music groups. Music may not be necessary during coronary MRA scanning with the CS technique.

Musculoskeletal

Exhibition Halls D/E

Wednesday 9:15 - 10:15

5366		Autophagic accumulations are related to diffusion parameters in non-fat infiltrated muscles of the Pompe mouse
		Marlena Rohm^1,2, Gabriele Russo^3,4, Xavier Helluy^3,5, Martijn Froeling⁶, Denise Manahan-Vaughan³, Matthias Vorgerd^1,2, and Lara Schlaffke¹
		¹Department of Neurology, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil gGmbH, Bochum, Germany, ²BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil gGmbH, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, Bochum, Germany, ³Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, ⁴International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, ⁵Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, ⁶Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
		Keywords: Muscle, Translational Studies, Longitudinal Studies In Pompe disease a mutation in the alpha-glucosidase gene leads to accumulation of glycogen and autophagosomes. Previously, we reported changes in diffusion in patient muscles. To identify histopathological correlations, the quantitative MRI protocol was translated to a mouse model, using DTI sequences in a monthly interval to scan the hind limb of pre-symptomatic mice. Subsequently, immunofluorescence stainings and glycogen assay were carried out to correlate glycogen accumulation and autophagic buildup with diffusion changes. No fat-infiltration was detected, while FA increases significantly compared to wildtype. Changes in diffusion parameters were correlated to autophagic buildup but did not correlate with glycogen accumulations.

5367		Perturbation of calf-muscle stiffness with graded plantar flexions as measured by magnetic resonance elastography
		Jialin Wang¹, Xin Mu², Mingyan Wu¹, Yanbin Li¹, Huahui Xu^3,4, Xiaoli Gu^3,4, and Jeff L. Zhang²
		¹Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China, ²School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China, ³Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, ⁴Department of Radiology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
		Keywords: Skeletal, Elastography Using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), we investigated the potential changes in the stiffness of calf muscle with plantar flexion. Significant decreases in shear modulus were found when exercise was applied in a progressive way. Such decrease was possibly due to the increase muscle hyperemia in exercise, which was partially verified by increased T2-weighted signals in the same study. In conclusion, MRE is a promising method for measuring mechanical viscoelastic properties of skeletal muscles and thus for assessing muscle function or performance.

5368		Elevated blood flow and amide proton transfer weighted signal in diabetic foot: a novel clinical research using non-contrast imaging
		Shan Lu¹, Shiyu Zhao¹, Xueyan Song¹, Guangyang Ma¹, Zhiwei Shen², and Baocheng Chang*¹
		¹Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Muscle, Infection For the first time, DF infection was analyzed using ASL and APTw imaging, and high BF and MTRasym (3.5 ppm) may be used as a novel biomarker in DF course monitoring and treatment option evaluation. ASL and APTw imaging in DF may be a safe and convenient approach for individuals with renal insufficiency because to its non-contrast injection.

Preclinical

Exhibition Halls D/E

Wednesday 14:30 - 15:30

3728		ADC Repeatability and Reproducibility of NCI CIRP Network Pre-Clinical MRIs
		Dariya Malyarenko¹, Ghoncheh Amouzandeh^1,2, Stephen Pickup³, Rong Zhou³, Henry Charles Manning⁴, Seth T Gamon⁴, Kooresh I Shoghi⁵, James D Quirk⁵, Renuka Sriram⁶, Peder Larson⁶, Michael T Lewis⁷, Robia G Pautler⁷, Paul E Kinahan⁸, Mark Muzi⁸, and Thomas L. Chenevert¹
		¹Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, ²neuro42, San Francisco, CA, United States, ³Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, ⁴Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MDACC, Houston, TX, United States, ⁵Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States, ⁶Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, ⁷Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, ⁸Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
		Keywords: System Imperfections: Measurement & Correction, Precision & Accuracy The goal of this work was to assess ADC repeatability, reproducibility, and bias of Co-Clinical Imaging Research Resource Program (CIRP) network MRIs using standardized procedures for comparison to corresponding performance of clinical MRIs. A temperature-controlled phantom provided an absolute reference standard and means to assess spatial uniformity of these metrics. Seven institutions participated in the study where DWI were acquired over multiple days on 10 pre-clinical scanners, from 3 vendors at 6 field strengths. Technical level repeatability and reproducibility metrics, and spatial uniformity patterns are comparable to that observed on human systems using similar phantoms and test procedures.

5369		Using FW-DTI and VBM to identify white matter microstructural integrity and grey matter density in a preclinical model of Alzheimer’s disease
		Maurizio Bergamino¹, Megan R Nelson^1,2, Asfia Numani¹, Matthew L Scarpelli³, Deborah Healey⁴, Alberto Fuentes¹, Gregory Turner¹, and Ashley M Stokes¹
		¹Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States, ²Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States, ³Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, ⁴MD Anderson Cancer center, Houston, TX, United States
		Keywords: Data Analysis, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques The objective of this study was to assess white matter integrity and grey matter volume density in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (3xTg-AD) using free-water (FW) diffusion tensor imaging (FW-DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Additionally, histological analyses of amyloid and tau protein in different regions across the brain were examined.

5370		Quantitative analysis of metabolites in mouse optical track after severe traumatic brain injury using magnetic resonance spectroscopy
		Roxan Ara¹, Fengchong Kong¹, Manish Kumar², Hannah MCMICHAEL², Mario ESPINOSA PALACIO², Meenakshi AHLUWALIA², Krishnan M DHANDAPANI², Kumar VAIBHAV^2,3, and Asamoah Bosomtwi⁴
		¹Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States, ²Neurosurgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States, ³Oral Biology and Diagnostic, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States, ⁴Georgia Cancer Center, Georgia medical College, Augusta, GA, United States
		Keywords: Data Acquisition, Metabolism, Spectroscopy Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive and neurodegenerative complications that may develop and persist years after injury. Altered metabolism is considered to be the earliest possible sign of tissue injury and will be present before any structural changes can be detected. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a useful technology for longitudinal assessments, which are critical for understanding altered neurochemical concentrations following TBI, suggesting impaired neurotransmission and energy generation, neuronal injury/death, and oxidative stress

5371		Developing novel MRI biomarkers of amyloid beta aggregation and inflammation in APPswe/PS1dEd mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease
		Patricia Martínez Tazo¹, Mohamed Kotb Selim¹, Santiago Canals², Jose Vicente Sanchez-Mut¹, and Silvia De Santis¹
		¹Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, Institute of Neuroscience of Alicante, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain, ²Cellular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience of Alicante, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
		Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, Microstructure We present a framework to extract novel MRI biomarkers, based on diffusion-weighted contrast, capable of capturing microstructural alterations in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. To validate the MRI framework, imaging was complemented with histology, with the aim of elucidating the cell-scale biological basis. We demonstrate that MRI signal carries the fingerprint of Alzheimer’s disease characteristic plaque aggregation and associated neuroinflammation patterns in a cohort of 18 months old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as compared to healthy age-matched controls. This framework sets the basis for an in-vivo multimodal imaging protocol, translatable to humans, for early detection of Alzheimer-specific microstructural alterations.

5372		Diffusion Tensor MRI in a Rat C6 Glioma Model at 9.4T
		Maryam Mozaffari^1,2, Naila Rahman^1,2, Patrick McCunn^1,2, Nivin Nystrom^1,2, Alex Li², Miranda Bellyou², Corey Baron^1,2, Timothy Scholl^1,2, and Robert Bartha^1,2
		¹Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada, ²Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
		Keywords: Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, Brain, Animal model The objective of this study was to characterize the diffusion properties of water in and around C6 glioma tumors in rats at 9.4T. DTI showed differences in some diffusion metrics between tumor tissue and surrounding tissues. Significantly higher FA, MD, and AD values were found in the tumor region compared to the contralateral side. DTI measurement of tumor microstructure and its surroundings could help to enhance the efficacy of diagnosis in different human malignancies.

Educational Exhibit Posters

Educational Exhibits

Exhibition Halls D/E - For viewing only, no assign presentation times

Monday 0:00 - 0:00

5373		Effects of Diffusion Time and Echo Time Changes of Diffusion MRI on Clinical Brain Neoplasm Diagnosis
		Masaaki Hori^1,2, Tomoko Maekawa², Kouhei Kamiya^1,2, Akifumi Hagiwara², Koji Kamagata², and Shigeki Aoki^2,3
		¹Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan, ²Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan, ³Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
		Keywords: Tumors, Tumor In this exhibit, we outline the effect of TE shortening on the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in clinical practice and the associated shortening of diffusion time on recent clinical MRI scanner for brain neoplasms diagnosis. In general, shortening the diffusion time reduces the contrast of lesions that show an abnormally high signal on DWI, and the apparent diffusion coefficient values also changes toward a larger value, which may lead the radiologist to err in differential diagnosis or grading of the neoplastic lesions. Therefore, it is important for radiologists to be aware of these effects when diagnosing brain neoplasms.

5374		Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging in neuroradiology
		Ayman Nada¹
		¹Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
		Keywords: Tumors, Brain This will an educational material for radiologists and radiology trainee on a new model fitting of the diffusion weighted imaging. Clinical translation of the intravoxel incoherent motion DWI is imperative. Its clinical applications are growing. The evaluation of brain tumors, predicting tumor grade, and the evaluation of the treatment outcomes following treatment of brain tumors are important areas for the utility of IVIM.

5375		Functional MR Spectroscopy - Challenges and Solutions
		John Port¹
		¹Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
		Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Metabolism, functional MR spectroscopy This educational poster reviews the challenges and issues present when performing functional MR spectroscopy. The poster will briefly review the history of the field, then present a framework for designing high-quality functional MRS experiments. Common artifacts and potential solutions to address them will also be discussed. The poster will conclude by discussing opportunities for developing the field.

5376		CSF circulation and glymphatic system of the spinal cord: pathophysiology and imaging and treatment of associated diseases
		Toshio Moritani¹ and Shotaro Naganawa¹
		¹Radiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
		Keywords: Neurofluids, Spinal Cord Glymphatic–lymphatic fluid transport system plays a critical role in fluid homeostasis in the spine associated with the CSF flow. Reviewed multiple diseases related to CSF circulation and glymphatic system. Intrathecal drug administration is an effective strategy to bypass the BBB via direct delivery to the CNS, especially in antibody or oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Glymphatic system has an important role in drug-distribution from CSF to brain and spinal cord.

5377		Application of Multi-Shot Echo Planar Imaging Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the Skull Base
		Hedan Luo¹, Qingwei Song¹, Yanwei Miao¹, Haonan Zhang¹, Na liu¹, Yukun Zhang¹, Ailian Liu¹, and Liangjie Lin²
		¹the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Danlian, China, ²Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
		Keywords: Data Acquisition, Head & Neck/ENT, multi-shot echo planar imaging diffusion weighted imaging; Exploring the performance of Image Reconstruction Using Image-space Sampling (IRIS)-based Multi-shot Echo Planar Imaging Diffusion Weighted imaging (MS-EPI DWI) for the skull base region.

5378		Imaging Cerebral Inflammation: Translational Findings from Preclinical MRI & 31P MRS
		Raman Saggu¹
		¹University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Neuroinflammation, Preclinical Stroke is routinely diagnosed using clinical MRI and MRS, which provide information on tissue pathophysiology and metabolism respectively. However, within such a complex lesion, it is difficult to establish the relative contributions of the ischaemic and inflammatory components on the resulting pathophysiology. It would be useful for clinicians to be able to identify tissue MR signals attributable to cerebral inflammation and discern them from MR signals pertaining to ischaemic injury, facilitating targeted therapeutic strategies.

5379		What Clinicians Should Know About Preclinical MRI of Neurodegenerative Diseases
		Raman Saggu¹
		¹University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
		Keywords: Neuroinflammation, Preclinical Clinicians are curious about preclinical MRI and interested in the opportunities that preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases grant in terms of manipulation and investigating therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the fundamental principles of preclinical neuroimaging that clinicians should be aware of prior to embarking on basic research experimentation.

5380		DW-MRI B-tensor encoding acquisition and processing on a pre-clinical Bruker scanner.
		Ricardo Rios-Carrillo¹, Alonso Ramirez-Manzanares², and Luis Concha¹
		¹Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Queretaro, Mexico, ²Centro de Investigacion en Matematicas, A.C., Guanajuato, Mexico
		Keywords: Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, Pipeline We present how we implemented diffusion weighted B-tensor encoding acquisitions on a preclinical 7 T Bruker scanner using free software shared by the DW-MRI community. We also present an auxiliary free repository that contains helpful tools that facilitate the implementation. This educational poster is intended to aid other users interested in acquiring B-tensor encoded DW-MRI with Bruker scanners.

5381		Liver Fibrosis Evaluation with MRI- A Primer for Engineers, Physicists, and Technologists
		Sudhakar K Venkatesh¹, Jiahui Li², Meng Yin¹, and Michael S Torbenson³
		¹Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, ²Radiology, li.jiahui@mayo.edu, Rochester, MN, United States, ³Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
		Keywords: Liver, Elastography, fibrosis Knowledge of the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis (LF) is important to understand the application of MRI techniques in the evaluation of LF. LF is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, predominantly in the collagen content that leads to measurable changes in MRI signal and also mechanical properties. In this educational exhibit, we will describe the pathology and evolution of LF in chronic liver diseases. Next, we will describe key concepts that form the basis for several MRI techniques for LF evaluation. An outline of confounders, limitations, current and future applications of the MRI techniques will be provided.

5382		Artifacts in breast imaging when using SPAIR fat suppression in the presence of large B0 variations
		Jayant D Sakhardande¹, Assim S Eddin², Timothy J Allen³, Leah C Henze Bancroft⁴, Roberta M Strigel^3,4,5, Su Kim Hsieh², and James H Holmes^1,2,6
		¹Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ²Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, ³Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁴Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁵Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States, ⁶Holden Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
		Keywords: Breast, Breast, Fat Suppression In this educational presentation we will discuss the impact of B0 field inhomogeneity on fat suppression related artifacts when using adiabatic spectrally selective inversion preparation in the setting of breast MRI setting.

5383		Proton MRI-based oximetry
		Cristian Ciobanu¹, Jorge Campos Pazmiño¹, Véronique Fortier², and Ives R. Levesque¹
		¹Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, ²Medical Imaging, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
		Keywords: Oxygenation, Oxygenation, BOLD, OE-MRI, DCE-MRI, TOLD, QSM, relaxometry, MR oximetry, hypoxia We will review ¹H MR-oximetry techniques including R₁, R₂*, DCE, and susceptibility-based techniques. We will present the basic principles behind each technique and the results of representative studies that show the relationship between MR-derived markers and blood and tissue oxygenation or hypoxia. We will also discuss oxygen modulation techniques in animal models and humans, report on trends in ¹H MR-based oximetry techniques over the last two decades, and summarize the current state and challenges in the field as a whole.

5384		Recent advancements in multiparametric MRI methods for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer
		Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi¹ and Naranamangalam R. Jagannathan²
		¹Department of Radiodiagnosis, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India, ²Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology Madras, Chennai, India
		Keywords: Prostate, Prostate, Prostate Cancer, Multiparametric MRI, New MR Sequences This educational abstract will go through the more recent MRI pulse sequences that are being developed for the early detection and better characterization of prostate cancer (PCa). By incorporating cutting-edge multiparametric MR imaging (mpMRI) approaches into the diagnostic workup, it is possible to address current challenges with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level based screening, problems with overdiagnosis with random biopsy, and multifocality of the PCa. Due to high negative predictive value of mpMRI, it not only improves the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa but also aids in lowering the number of unnecessary biopsies.

5385		Current State and Future Directions of AI Enhanced Radiology Practice for the Development of Screening and Diagnostic Tools
		Sam Hashemi¹, Saqib Basar¹, Ahmed Gouda¹, Thanh-Duc Nyugen¹, Yosef Chodakiewitz², Sean London², and Rajpaul Attariwala¹
		¹Voxelwise Imaging Technology Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada, ²Prenuvo Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada
		Keywords: Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence The purpose of this educational exhibit is to highlight the importance of the bilateral and evolving relationship between radiologists and Artificial Intelligence experts, and how the coming together of these two fields is ushering in the AI revolution in Radiology and Radiomics. AI methods and tools are helping radiologists perform big data analytics to enhance diagnostic knowledge and capabilities. There is a need for radiologists and AI engineers to collaborate and define the future direction of AI enhanced Radiology practice.

5386		Workflow for spatial alignment of MR data and histopathological images of tumors for region-of-interest-based correlation analysis
		Mikael Montelius¹, Lukas Lundholm¹, Maria Ljungberg^1,2, and Eva Forssell-Aronsson^1,2
		¹Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, ²Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
		Keywords: Quantitative Imaging, Validation, histopathology Validation of MRI-derived tumor biomarkers require ground truth validation against histopathology, but pixel-by-pixel spatial alignment with histopathological images pose unresolved challenges. A reasonable approach is to correlate regions-of-interest from MRI with corresponding regions from histopathology. However, clinical protocols for histopathological processing of tissue sections require modifications to preserve spatial information relative to MR images. In this educational exhibit we describe a workflow, based on literature and experience, that enables region-of-interest-based spatial correlation analysis between MRI and histopathological data.

5387		Absolute quantification of hepatic 31P metabolites at 3 T using a phantom replacement technique – How to set it up
		Benedict Korzekwa^1,2, Marc Jonuscheit^1,2, Yuliya Kupriyanova^1,2, Michael Roden^1,2,3, and Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling^1,2,4
		¹Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, ²German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany, ³Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, ⁴Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
		Keywords: Data Analysis, Spectroscopy, 31P-MRS, Absolute Quantification; Quadrature Coil Phantom replacement techniques for the quantification of absolute concentrations of hepatic phosphorous metabolites are an established tool for studying energy metabolism in vivo. However, many consideration need to be taken into account. Here, we present how to correct localized in vivo ³¹P-MRS data in order to report molar concentrations of ATP and inorganic phosphate and how to set up the experiments for obtaining the required correction factors. Correction factors include T₁ correction, coil loading, excitation pulse profile as well as B₁ inhomogeneity of the surface coil in all three spatial directions.

5388		A Primer on Blockchain in Radiology — Data Ownership and Beyond
		Muhammad Ammar Haider¹, Mariam Aboian ², Ichiro Ikuta³, Sara Merkaj¹, and Maguy Farhat¹
		¹Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, ²Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, ³Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
		Keywords: Data Processing, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, Data Security, Data Ownership, Technology Cryptocurrency may be volatile, but the technology behind it is here to stay! Blockchain has the potential to impact our work and to change the way we own, store, use or interact with imaging data altogether. Blockchain, essentially, trumps the traditional data solutions and is thus, the future of imaging databases. By achieving the perfect balance between data security and data sharing, it unlocks myriad of opportunities to advance patient care, improve our work ethic and bolster our research. Our work hopes to inspire you to experiment with any of the many applications we mention in our educational exhibit!

5389		Radiomics analysis in the era of quantitative imaging
		Philip Kyeremeh Jnr Oppong¹, Jincheng Wang¹, and Khin Khin Tha^1,2
		¹Laboratory for Biomarker Imaging Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, ²Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine,, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
		Keywords: Radiomics, Quantitative Imaging, Imaging analysis, feature extraction, predictive radiomics Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging extends beyond qualitative MRI by combining both image graphics and mathematically measured intrinsic image features to determine tissue characteristics, development, pathology, etc. While MRI has practically been qualitative both in the imaging process and interpretation, quantitative image analysis involving the mapping of numerical tissue properties with nominal values obtained from healthy cohorts has proven to add extra information to MRI images. In this educational review we discuss the rapidly evolving field of radiomics in quantitative MRI imaging. Particular emphasis is laid on development of radiomic models for MR image analysis, validation strategies and anticipated future trends.