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| Friday, 02 June | Saturday, 03 June | Sunday, 04 June | Monday, 05 June |
16:00
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Overview of Friday's Program | |
| Huijun Vicky Liao1 | ||
1Brigham and Women's Hospital, MA, United States |
16:08
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Past President's Welcome Speech | |
| Anne Dorte Blankholm1 | ||
1Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark |
16:15
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MRI Information for Common, New, & Unusual Implants | |
| Frank Shellock1 | ||
1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States |
17:00
|
The Basics of Functional MRI | |
| Avery J. L. Berman1,2 | ||
1Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada |
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Keywords: Contrast mechanisms: fMRI, Neuro: Brain function In this lecture, we’ll learn about the physiological and biophysical processes underlying functional MRI (fMRI), the pulse sequences used to perform fMRI, and example applications in clinical imaging and research. After attending the session, attendees will be able to:
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| 7:30 | The Basics of Diffusion MRI |
| Avery Berman | |
Keywords: Contrast mechanisms: Diffusion, Neuro: Brain connectivity In this lecture, we’ll learn about the physiological and biophysical processes underlying diffusion MRI, the pulse sequences used to image diffusion, and example applications in clinical imaging and research.
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| 8:00 | Overview of Saturday's Program |
| Huijun Vicky Liao |
| 8:07 | President's Welcome Speech |
| Sonja Boiteaux |
| 8:15 | The Body in Action |
| Penny Gowland | |
Keywords: Body: Digestive, Body: Reproductive, Cross-organ: Multi-morbidity This talk will highlight how MR can be applied in areas beyond standard radiology. In particular MR is being used to study physiology and biochemistry, dynamically to monitor normal function or to study the response to challenges. It will start by explaining how open MRI and high field (7t) MRI can particularly contribute to this approach. Several case studies will then be discussed. |
| 9:00 | Radiomics: The Role of MR |
| Bettina Baeßler | |
Keywords: Cross-organ: Tissue characterisation, Image acquisition: Image processing, Transferable skills: Reproducible research Radiomics is a quantitative approach to medical imaging, which aims at enhancing the existing data by means of advanced mathematical analysis. Various studies from different fields in imaging have been published so far, highlighting the potential of radiomics to enhance clinical decision-making. However, the field faces several important challenges, which are mainly caused by the various technical factors influencing the extracted radiomic features. This holds especially true for the field of MR. The aim of this presentation is to explain, what radiomics is, to present the typical workflow of a radiomics analysis, and to discuss the current limitations of radiomics. |
| 10:00 | Acute Head Trauma Imaging: Ballistic & Explosive Injuries |
| Noah Ditkofsky |
| 10:30 | Vessels & Metabolism of the Developing Brain |
| Eamon Doyle |
| 11:00 | Advanced Brain Tumor Imaging Protocol |
| Brandy Reed | |
Keywords: Neuro: Brain, Contrast mechanisms: Perfusion, Image acquisition: Multiparametric Difference between radiation necrosis and new tumor growth can be difficult to interpret with conventional MR imaging techniques |
| 10:00 | Advanced Intracranial Aneurysm Imaging: From Technical Development to Clinical Translation |
| Chengcheng Zhu | |
Keywords: Cardiovascular: Vascular Intracranial aneurysm is a major cause of hemorrhagic stroke. Traditional imaging methods only evaluate the lumen geometry but not the underlying pathology of the aneurysm wall. Contrast enhanced vessel wall MRI can identify the neovasculature – a marker of inflammation. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI can identify wall permeability. 4D flow MRI can identify hemodynamic factors that contribute to aneurysm progression and rupture. These MRI-based novel imaging markers have been investigated in many cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical studies and showed promises. This talk will cover both the recent technical development of intracranial aneurysm imaging and also its applications. |
| 10:30 | Technical Advances & Clinical Applications in Intracranial Vessel Wall Imaging |
| Zhaoyang Fan | |
Keywords: Neuro: Cerebrovascular, Cardiovascular: Vascular Cerebrovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, can arise from diverse intracranial vessel wall pathologies such as atherosclerosis, dissection, and vasculitis. Methods traditionally used for the diagnosis of the disease are based on lumenography imaging, which is limited to the detection of luminal abnormalities and thus inadequate for differentiating various wall pathologies. Recently, there is a growing interest in intracranial MR vessel wall imaging due to its capacity to directly assess various vessel wall pathologies and to potentially unravel etiology. This talk will provide an overview of technical advances and clinical applications of this new technology. |
| 13:45 | MR Neurography of Peripheral Nerves |
| Ben Kennedy | |
Keywords: Neuro: Nerves, Musculoskeletal: Muscular, Image acquisition: Sequences Musculoskeletal nerve neuropathies, neuritis and palsies have often been diagnosed clinically and sent for MRI scans to investigate their appearance and if any other gross pathology abutting the nerves is a cause for the patient symptoms. For many years we have been able to visualize these nerves in their main branches, however the site of change can be extremely subtle in signal change and in most cases do not enhance after the administration of intravenous Gadolinium. Dedicated 3D Nerve sequences have changed diagnostic confidence in these cases and continued to evolve in sensitivity with improved sequence structure and parameters. |
| 14:15 | Imaging Fascia. Acquisition & Post Processing Including MASDEA (Multiplied, Added, Subtracted & Divided Echo Acquisition) |
| paul condron | |
Keywords: Musculoskeletal: Tendons, Image acquisition: Sequences, Musculoskeletal: Skeletal The aim of this study was to provide high resolution and high contrast images of lower limb fascia. Both 3D radial ZTE and 3D cones dual echo (DE) UTE sequences identified and measured fascia in concurrence with current literature and autopsy measurements.We applied the theories of echo subtraction and division to amplify the contrast of short TE tissues (aponeuroses, fascia, ligaments) compared to longer TE tissues (fat and muscle). This method increased the contrast of fascia, addressed the issue of high fat signal, provided a T2* map of the lower limb and produced cortical bone images. |
| 14:45 | Quantitative MRI Joint Mapping |
| Hollis Potter | |
Keywords: Musculoskeletal: Joints The utility of quantitative MR in detecting early matrix depletion in tissues pertinent to musculoskeletal application will be discussed, including hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, ligament, muscle and tendon. The clinical application of both traditional and newer techniques, including ultrashort TE and zero echo time (ZTE) imaging will be discussed, including the use of in silico modelling and load bearing joint assessment. Various limitations of particular pulse sequences will be discussed, as well as the use of deep learning/denoising techniques to reduce scan acquisition time and facilitate image segmentation and analysis. |
| 13:45 | Clinical MR Spectroscopy |
| Alexander Lin |
| 14:15 | Advanced Spectroscopy: Editing |
| Ashley Harris | |
Keywords: Contrast mechanisms: Spectroscopy Following from Dr. Lin’s introduction to spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging, this talk will focus on “edited-MRS”, a method to quantify metabolites that are hidden in a conventional spectrum, in particular GABA and glutathione. The talk will describe the method itself, advancements of this method, along with its utility and challenges in both its application and interpretation. It will also overview some of the recent applications. The goal is to provide an understanding of how edited-MRS works and factors to consider when using this approach and looking at data. |
| 14:45 | MR Spectroscopy Data Harmonization |
| Brenda Bartnik Olson | |
Keywords: Contrast mechanisms: Spectroscopy Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful, quantitative imaging technique to measure brain metabolites for characterizing neurological diseases. Its impact, however, is limited due to small sample sizes and methodological variability. The lack of standardization in data collection and processing makes it challenging to perform multisite studies that support widespread clinical MRS use. This talk will provide an overview of advanced applications of MRS and the technical and biological factors to consider when aggregating data for multisite trials. The goal is to provide novice and experienced technologists with the necessary knowledge for conducting MRS multisite studies. |
| 15:30 | Considerations Regarding Thermoregulation in Pediatric Patients Undergoing MRI |
| Christine Harris |
| 16:00 | Considerations Regarding Acoustic Noise in Pediatric Patients Undergoing MRI |
| Anton Glans | |
Keywords: Cross-organ: Pediatric, Transferable skills: Safety This talk will cover basic concepts regarding acoustic noise and hearing safety for our pediatric patients, including neonates, during MRI. Why is MRI loud, when/how is it a problem, and what tools are available to address noise from a clinical standpoint? |
| 16:30 | Considerations Regarding Heating & Burns in Pediatric Patients Undergoing MRI |
| Joanna Shechtel |
| 7:30 | The Basics of Perfusion MRI |
| Avery Berman | |
Keywords: Contrast mechanisms: Perfusion, Neuro: Cerebrovascular In this lecture, we’ll learn about the physiological and biophysical processes underlying the contrast mechanisms of perfusion imaging, the pulse sequences used to image them, and example applications in clinical imaging and research. After attending the session, attendees will be able to:
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| 8:00 | Overview of Sunday's Program |
| Huijun Vicky Liao |
| 8:07 | President-Elect's Welcome Speech |
| Glenn Cahoon |
| 8:15 | Optimising Cardiac Scans for Indications Requiring Pacemakers: A Radiologist's Perspective |
| Christian Houbois | |
Keywords: Cardiovascular: Cardiac, Physics & Engineering: Implants This talk will overview the most common indications for pacemaker implantation and the usefulness of CMR pre-implantation. Multiparametric CMR is the reference standard for non-invasive myocardial tissue characterization and can detect underlying causes of cardiomyopathies/ structural heart disease. Therefore, CMR improves guiding clinicians in decision-making for cardiac pacemaker implantation. However, imaging may be challenging because many patients have arrhythmias resulting in imaging artifacts. Thus, common technical issues and how to fix them to reduce arrhythmia artifacts will be discussed. This talk aims to familiarize the audience with why those examinations are challenging and how to resolve issues. |
| 8:45 | Optimising Cardiac Scans with ICDs: A Physicist's Perspective |
| Graham Wright | |
Keywords: Cardiovascular: Cardiac, Physics & Engineering: Implants, Image acquisition: Artefacts Cardiac MR in the presence of implantable cardiac electronic devices (CIEDs) is generally safe and can benefit patients. Field inhomogeneities from the generator can cause significant image artifacts when the generator is close to the region of interest. For optimal image quality, particularly in the presence of ICDs and CRT-Ds, function should be imaged with high-bandwidth cine GRE instead of SSFP and viability should be imaged with late gadolinium enhancement sequences using wideband inversion recovery. Similarly perfusion and T1 mapping can benefit from wideband saturation and inversion respectively, as well as GRE readouts. |
| 9:15 | Optimising Cardiac Scans with ICDs: A Radiographer's Perspective |
| Kevin Strachan | |
Keywords: Cardiovascular: Cardiac, Image acquisition: Artefacts, Cardiovascular: Cardiac function MR imaging of any anatomical region for a patient with an implantable cardiac device presents unique challenges for the radiographer. When that anatomical region is the heart, then these difficulties are often further multiplied and focussed. This presentation considers the ever changing landscape of cardiac device classification and imaging. Several adaptive and modified techniques are reviewed with practical tips and examples used to optimise these examinations. It will also discuss how different strategies can be targeted, adapted and then blended to produce the best possible diagnostic outcome. |
| 8:15 | Toward High Clinical Value Research: From the Standpoint of the Clinical Radiological Technologist |
| Hajime Sagawa | |
Keywords: Transferable skills: Research coordination Radiologic technologists (RTs) can easily obtain clinical questions and can rapidly (unlike basic research) return the results of their research to patients and confirm their findings. In Japan, there are craftsman (SHOKUNIN) RTs who possess something like a special skill. Japanese RTs spare no effort to improve the quality of examinations for patients as much as possible, and they make a variety of efforts to do so. This talk will introduce the research and ideas of Japanese SHOKUNIN RTs who have had a significant impact on clinical practice. |
| 8:45 | Imaging Conditions (Scan Time) & Clinical Quality Balance in Diffusion MRI |
| Yuichi Suzuki | |
Keywords: Contrast mechanisms: Diffusion, Neuro: White matter Various methods, such as diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and Q-ball imaging (QBI), are used to evaluate the white matter using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Generally, the more the motion-probing gradients (MPG), the more accurate the white matter evaluation. In contrast, the scan time becomes longer in proportion to the number of MPGs. Regarding these evaluation methods, focusing on the number of MPGs, I explained the relation between scan time (clinically acceptable scan time) and quantification (image quality). Furthermore, I introduced the technology to shorten the scan time and to increase the possibility of clinical application. |
| 9:20 | Good Ingredients Make a Good Dish: Open-Source Sequence Programming |
| Rita Nunes | |
Keywords: Image acquisition: Sequences In this presentation, I will introduce the open-source pulse sequence programming tool Pulseq. I will start by describing how it interacts with the scanner and how to install it. I will then go through simple sequence examples (gradient and spin echo sequences), describing how to add RF pulses, gradients and acquisition objects to the sequence. Finally, I will provide examples of a few more advanced applications focusing on quantitative MRI, namely diffusion, T1 and T2 mapping |
| 9:50 | A Real Starter: Preclinical MRI |
| Aurea Martins Bach | |
Keywords: Physics & Engineering: Preclinical MRI, : Preclinical/Animal Preclinical MRI is a key resource for translational research. It allows researchers to bring basic science to the benefit of patients, and to test and validate hypotheses derived from clinical research in animal models. The ability to use the same MRI methods and pulse sequences in clinical and preclinical scanners is a major advantage not available with other approaches. However, differences in sample size create possible difficulties in preclinical MRI. In this presentation, we will discuss the major challenges and benefits of preclinical MRI and showcase real-world applications, including preclinical research conducted in regions of the world with varying resources. |
| 10:20 | Creating Chef's Signature Dishes: MR in Clinical Practice |
| Alessandro Mazzola | |
Keywords: Education Committee: Clinical MRI, Physics & Engineering: Physics MRI has always had a connection with food. The idea of using a magnetic field gradient came up while professor Paul Lauterbur was having dinner and scribbled the idea on a napkin. Choosing a good dish in a restaurant starts with a menu. Protocols are our menu and, like dishes in a restaurant, we need standardization and quality. The master chef in MRI will be the person who can deliver the best dish, with the highest quality at the shortest time. Artificial Intelligence will help us to perform MRI scans even more but we should pay more attention to safety. |
| 10:00 | Interventional MRI: Translating Research to Clinical Service |
| R. Jason Stafford | |
Keywords: Physics & Engineering: Interventional, Transferable skills: Safety, Contrast mechanisms: Thermometry Interventional and intraoperative MRI deviate from traditional diagnostic use of MRI and can require special environments, equipment, acquisitions and safety considerations when translated into clinical services. Here we briefly overview several examples of clinical iMRI/ioMRI offered in an oncology setting. |
| 10:30 | MRgUS Brain: Parkinson's Disease |
| Kullervo Hynynen |
| 11:00 | MR guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS) for Prostate Cancer |
| Sangeet Ghai | |
Keywords: Body: Body Focal therapy (FT), where a specific clinically significant PCa (csPCa) is ablated, is a treatment option for localized intermediate-risk disease. The aim of FT is to eradicate csPCa while minimizing morbidity associated with whole-gland treatment. MRI allows spatial resolution in all 3 planes for precise treatment definition. Additionally, MR thermography provides thermal feedback during treatment. Non-perfused volume can be assessed following treatment providing assessment of the ablated area. The ExAblate 2100 Prostate (Insightec Inc., Haifa) is a transrectal, MRI guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) system. This presentation will outline the technique and existing literature of MRgFUS treatment for intermediate risk PCa. |
| 10:25 | Ultra-High Field MRI in Clinical Neuroscience |
| Maxime Guye | |
Keywords: Neuro: Nervous system, Physics & Engineering: High-Field MRI With higher SNR and CNR, ultra-high field (UHF) MRI provides better performances not only for structural imaging but also for fMRI, Spectroscopy, CEST, MRA and X-Nuclei MRI. Thus, UHF MRI offers both better lesion conspicuity and better assessment of pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning neurological/psychiatric diseases. This lecture will show where we stand and what to expect next from UHF MRI in clinical neuroscience through studies aimed at both a better understanding of the disease and an improved diagnostic/prognostic efficiency for a better treatment. This will be illustrated in Epilepsy and Multiple Sclerosis for which UHF MRI has proven its added value. |
| 12:30 | Complexity & Value: Re-Thinking the Design, Use & Operation of MRI |
| James Pipe |
| 14:00 | MR Linac/Image-Guided Therapy |
| Caroline Chung |
| 14:30 | Rectal Cancer Imaging |
| Kartik Jhaveri |
| 15:00 | Hyperpolarizer Research & Clinical Dreams |
| James Bankson | |
Keywords: Contrast mechanisms: Hyperpolarized MR (Non-Gas), Contrast mechanisms: Hyperpolarization, Cross-organ: Cancer Hyperpolarized (HP) imaging agents can produce signal that is five orders of magnitude stronger compared to normal thermal equilibrium, enabling rapid measurement of physiological characteristics that were previously inaccessible by MRI. The most widely studied HP imaging agent is [1-13C]-pyruvate which can be used to characterize tumor metabolism. HP [1-13C]-pyruvate MRI requires the use of coils, sequences, and workflow that are similar to traditional MRI but modified to accommodate the unique characteristics of HP MRI. Recent patient studies demonstrate continuing technical improvements as well as strong potential for this technology to provide new information to guide improved patient care.
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| 14:00 | Brain Metrics of Interest Among Neonates with CHD |
| Laura Cabral |
| 14:30 | Scanning Faster: Applications in Pediatric Neuroimaging |
| Michael Kean | |
Keywords: Neuro: Brain, Image acquisition: Fast imaging, Image acquisition: Machine learning This presentation introduces the concepts associated with making clinical pediatric protocols faster. The presentation will endeavour to take attendees through a short history of where we began with pediatric neuroimaging in the early days of MRI and moving through the significant hardware, sequence development and image reconstruction techniques to where we are today. The talk will focus on the key MR image characteristics such as spatial resolution, image reconstruction methodologies, image quality, safety implications and potential artefacts as we scan faster. The talk will also present ideas as to how you move forward in developing clinical protocols |
| 15:00 | Neonatal Neurosurgical Planning: Accessible Data Paving the Path to AI |
| Chetan Shah |
| 15:45 | How (Stubborn) Radiographers Created the National MR Safety Organization I |
| Titti Owman | |
Keywords: Transferable skills: Safety In Toronto in 2008, Titti and Johan began their collaboration with increasing awareness of MRI safety in Sweden. In the beginning it was difficult to get a response and we thought a lot about how to proceed. But after 10 years, we had the opportunity to present MR safety work at the Swedish national conference The Radiology Week. The response was very great and half a year later we were able to organize a 2-days workshop where radiographers, radiologists and MR physicists lectured. The auditorium also consisted of radiographers, radiologists and MR physicists – just as we wanted! |
| 16:10 | National & International Collaboration on MR Safety: How One Thing Can Lead to the Next |
| Anne Dorte Blankholm | |
Keywords: Transferable skills: Safety A National Guideline in Denmark is lacking, and no explicit MR safety training curriculum has beendemanded by Danish law. Therefore, a journey started in 2019 where an MR safety conferencewas arranged at the Danish parliament, to attract the politician’s attention. |
| 16:30 | Panel Discussion |
| 15:45 | ASL Clinical Applications & Implementation |
| Sergio Solis-Barquero | |
Keywords: Contrast mechanisms: Perfusion, Body: Body The objective of this talk is to introduce and provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art of ASL applications in the human body. The talk will focus on the research in perfusion studies in kidneys, lungs, heart, liver, pancreas, and spleen. The talk will describe ongoing challenges and recommendations that aim to enable more widespread use of the technique in clinical practice and its eventual implementation. Upon attendance, the audience should have a basic understanding of the techniques used for ASL body perfusion imaging. |
| 16:05 | Overview & Current Applications of PET/MR |
| Claudia Ortega Mogilevich |
| 16:25 | Added Value of Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced MRI in the Assessment of Focal and Diffuse Liver Disease |
| Cecilia Besa | |
Keywords: Body: Liver Gadoxetic acid (GA) is a liver-specific MRI contrast agent that has been introduced for the diagnostic work-up of chronic diffuse liver disease and focal liver lesions combining dynamic contrast-enhanced (CE) and hepatobiliary phase imaging (HBP). For the assessment of focal liver lesions, this agent offers the possibility of distinguishing focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatic adenoma (HA), the identification of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the pre-operative assessment of metastasis in the liver parenchyma.The hepatic GA uptake, a reflection of liver function, correlates with chronic diffuse liver disease severity, and its use for assessing liver and biliary function is under active investigation. Abbreviated protocols for gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI offer potential time and cost savings, but more evidence is necessary. |
8:15
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Neuroinflammation: Physiology, Clinical Interest of Radiologists & Interesting Cases | |
| John Port1 | ||
1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States |
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Keywords: Neuro: Nervous system This talk will give an overview of neuroinflammation and serve as the foundation for the remainder of the session. Neuroinflammation will first be defined, then various causes of neuroinflammation will be presented and discussed from the perspective of a Neuroradiologist using a case-based format. Relevant neuroanatomy will be reviewed to set the stage for a detailed presentation of the physiology of neuroinflammation, including the main biological components (cells, membranes, chemical factors) and how they interact to generate an inflammatory response to injury. |
8:55
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An overview of the role of MRI in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis | |
| Marios Yiannakas1 | ||
1UCL Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom |
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Keywords: Neuro: Nervous system, Neuro: Brain, Neuro: Spinal cord The presentation aims to provide a short introduction to multiple sclerosis and the common characteristics of the disease, and to provide an overview of the diagnostic criteria and the role of MRI in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease in the clinical setting. In addition, an outline of the role of MRI for monitoring treatment efficacy will be presented, along with treatment safety considerations and the relevant MRI protocol adjustments. |
9:05
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A quick guide in MRI protocol for diagnosis and follow-up MS patients | |
| Cristian Montalba Zalaquett1,2,3 | ||
1Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering - iHEALTH, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile |
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Keywords: Neuro: Brain, Neuro: Neurodegeneration, Neuro: White matter Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, causing demyelination and neurodegeneration in most patients. For diagnosis, MRI is used as a gold standard. McDonald 2017 criteria, and MAGNIMS 2021 guidelines are the most commonly used for: Differential diagnosis of MS, Monitoring MS, Disease activity, Treatment decisions. In this presentation we will review the main objectives of MRI sequences performed in clinical practice.
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9:15
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TIPS & TRICKS TO OPTIMIZE YOUR INFLAMMATORY BRAIN PROTOCOLS | |
| Bac Nguyen1 | ||
1Oslo University Hospital, Norway |
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Keywords: Neuro: Brain For neuro imaging there are many sequences to choose depending on the cases. Thereby, it is important to have a better understanding of which sequences are the most important when it comes to inflammatory brain protocols. To minimize errors at a big department with many technicians, it is mandatory to setup the protocol with an easy workflow. Today, we have artificial intelligence in our hands as an important tool not only for enhancing the quality and/or speeding our sequences, but also for the protocol setup. With that said, we are not only minimizing errors, but also increasing efficiency. |
9:25
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Panel Discussion |
9:35
|
Advanced Imaging for Neuroinflammation Research | |
| Erin Leigh MacMillan1,2 | ||
1Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2SFU ImageTech Lab, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada |
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Keywords: Neuro: Nervous system, Contrast mechanisms: Spectroscopy, Contrast mechanisms: Diffusion There is a large unmet need for MRI to provide clinically meaningful information about inflammatory processes in the brain to improve the ability to differentiate between various diseases. Currently, conventional MRI techniques do not provide specific information about inflammatory processes which leads to a long list of differential diagnoses arising from similar features on diagnostic MR images. This presentation will provide an overview of how advanced MR techniques such as spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, and susceptibility weighted imaging aim to provide information about specific pathological processes in the central nervous system. |