Synopsis

Keywords: Cardiovascular: Cardiac, Physics & Engineering: Implants, Image acquisition: Artefacts

Cardiac MR in the presence of implantable cardiac electronic devices (CIEDs) is generally safe and can benefit patients. Field inhomogeneities from the generator can cause significant image artifacts when the generator is close to the region of interest. For optimal image quality, particularly in the presence of ICDs and CRT-Ds, function should be imaged with high-bandwidth cine GRE instead of SSFP and viability should be imaged with late gadolinium enhancement sequences using wideband inversion recovery. Similarly perfusion and T1 mapping can benefit from wideband saturation and inversion respectively, as well as GRE readouts.