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| 4570 | 3D Fetal Brain Segmentation using an Optimized Deep Learning Approach | |
| Li Zhao1, Xue Feng2, Josepheen Asis-Cruz 1, Yao Wu1, Kushal Kapse1, Axel Ludwig1, Dan Wu3, Kun Qing2, Carig H. Meyer2, and Catherine Limperopoulos1 | ||
1Childrens National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States, 2University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 3Zhejiang University, Hanzhou, China |
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An essential step to accurately quantify fetal brain development is to reliably segment brain regions and perform volumetric measurements. However, this task mainly relies on labor intensive manually contouring. In this work, a 3D U-Net method was optimized and evaluated for fetal brain segmentation. 3D U-Net and 4D atlas-based segmentation methods were compared on 46 fetal brain MRI scans with gestational age 26.4 to 39.1 weeks. The proposed method resulted in (1) higher consistency with the manual segmentation, (2) shorter processing time, and (3) more consistent results across gestational ages, compared to a 4D atlas-based method. |
| 4571 | T2-Weighted Foetal Brain MRI: Utilising Slice-To-Volume Reconstruction to Reduce Repeat Acquisition Due to Fetal Motion | |
| Elaine Felicity Green1, Emer Hughes1, Kathleen Colford1, Louise Dillon1, Joanna Allsop1, Laura McCabe1, Suzanne Hiscocks1, Lara Waite1, Anthony Price1, Jana Hutter1, Laurence Jackson1, Maria Murgasova-Kuklisova1, Joseph V Hajnal1, and Mary A Rutherford1 | ||
1Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Single-shot turbo spin echo T2 (SSTSE) is a common sequence used in fetal brain MRI. It is typically acquired in stacks that are positioned according to fetal brain anatomy, producing images that are radiologically in-plane; axial, sagittal, and coronal. However, fetal motion can cause images to be out-of-plane and repeats are often necessary to rectify this. This study proposes a new, optimised method that acquires stacks in planes set to maternal anatomy, rather than fetal brain. We then utilise slice-volume reconstruction to re-register the volume to standard radiological planes. |
| 4572 | Quantifying motion and temporal SNR in fetal functional MRI within a large cohort | |
| Saige Rutherford1 and Melissa Haskell2 | ||
1Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 2Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States |
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In this work we leverage a large dataset consisting of 535 fMRI sessions from 248 unique subjects to assess the data quality of fetal resting state functional MRI. Our main goal is to describe the quality of fetal resting state fMRI after image post-processing. We quantify how much motion is present, apply a range of motion censoring thresholds to show how much data remains post-censoring, and evaluate the temporal signal to noise ratio of the time-series pre and post motion correction. Our results show very low average tSNR (2.7-3.7) and high percentages (40-95%) of discarded data. |
| 4573 | ZOOMit DWI of the Fetal Brain: A Preliminary Evaluation Comparing DWI at 3T | |
| Liqi Yang1, Xiaoyong Zhang2, Zhenhui Huang3, and Xin Liu4 | ||
1BGI Company, ShenZhen, China, 2MR Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Shenzhen, China, 3Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hosptial, Shenzhen, China, 4Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China |
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This study evaluated the clinical utility of zoomed diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (ZOOMit DWI) of the fetal brain. The effectiveness of the method was compared with conventional echo-planar DWI. Based on imaging analysis of 10 cases, the results showed that ZOOMit DWI exhibits markedly reduced susceptibility and distortion artifacts relative to conventional DWI. ZOOMit-DWI may serve as a viable alternative for the fetal brain assessment and pathology diagnosis. |
| 4574 | Determination of the decrease rate of the apparent diffusion coefficient in the fetal kidneys during the third trimester. | |
| LORENA AZYADE MURRIETA GONZALEZ1, carla maria garcia moreno2, and MARIA BARRERA ESPARZA3 | ||
1RESONANCIA MAGNETICA, HOSPITAL ANGELES LOMAS, Huixquilucan Estado de Mexico, Mexico, 2RESONANCIA MAGNETICA, Hospital Angeles Lomas, Huixquilucan, Mexico, 3RESONANCIA MAGNETICA, HOSPITAL ANGELES LOMAS, Huixquilucan, Mexico |
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The main objective of the work was to determine the decrease rate of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in fetal kidneys using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) during the third trimester. We measured the renal ADC in 16 patients, and our findings exhibit an ADC decrease during the gestational age. |
| 4575 | The importance of fetal MRI in the evaluation of external ear deformities | |
| Tuantuan Wang1,2, Jinxia Zhu3, and Guangbin Wang2 | ||
1Shandong University, Jinan, China, 2Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Jinan, China, 3MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Beijing, China |
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Fetal external ear deformities sometimes indicate that a chromosomal abnormality is present. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of fetal MRI in the evaluation of auricular deformities, as well as the added value of external auditory canal atresia. We calculated the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of fetal MRI and described the imaging features. Our study showed that fetal MRI can provide valuable information to assist in the diagnosis of external ear deformities. |
| 4576 | Fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (FCMR); MR sequences, cardiac & non-cardiovascular findings with prenatal and postnatal correlation | |
| Dianna M. E. Bardo1, Christopher Lindblade2, Fidaa Wishah1, Patricia Cornejo1, Jennifer Vaughn1, Mittun Patel1, and Luis Goncalves1 | ||
1Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States, 2Cardiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States |
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Fetal MRI is a not uncommon imaging procedure, most often performed to diagnose neurologic abnormalities. Increasingly fetal cardiac MRI is performed to confirm CHD findings found on fetal echocardiography and associated non-cardiovascular anomalies, especially in mid-to-late gestation fetuses. This educational exhibit will provide guidance for image acquisition and show an extensive multi-modality case based library of fetal cardiac images, highlighting MRI findings, with correlation to postnatal imaging. |
| 4577
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Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of placental function to characterize pathophysiology in congenital heart disease (CHD) | |
| Johannes Klaus Steinweg1, Grace Tin Yan Hui2, Milou van Poppel1, Kathleen Colford2, David Lloyd1, Reza Razavi1, Kuberan Pushparajah1, Mary A Rutherford2, and Jana Hutter2 | ||
1Cardiovascular Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Perinatal Imaging & Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most frequent congenital defect and varies widely in severity and subtype. The antenatal diagnosis of the severity is of key importance to plan delivery and treatment. The shared developmental pathways and close functional links with the fetal heart may lead to placental dysfunction that in turn may alter the in-utero environment to the detriment of mother and fetus. Hence, assessment of placental function delivers crucial complementary information to characterize pathophysiology in CHD. This study employs high-resolution whole-placental T2* relaxometry in 75 women (40 diagnosed with a fetus with CHD) to phenotype placental function. |
| 4578 | Evaluation of MRI in the Prenatal Dignosis of Cleft Lip and Palate | |
| Mimi Tian1, Xiangtao Lin1,2, Shuwei Liu1, and Xiang Feng3 | ||
1Shandong Unversity, Jinan, China, 2Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hosptial Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China, 3MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Beijing, China |
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This prospective study aimed to evaluate the value of MRI in prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate. Pregnant females subject with fetal facial malformations were suspected by ultrasonography (US) and then underwent 1.5 T MRI scan. The diagnosis accuracy of the prenatal US and MRI was compared with the postnatal findings. A total of 44 fetuses were followed up with lip and/or cleft palate malformation. Compared to US, MRI provides more useful information in the diagnosis of fetal cleft lip and palate，which could be used as one of the effective alternative to prenatal ultrasound diagnosis． |
| 4579
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White matter development after prenatal chemotherapy exposure: a diffusion MRI fixel-based analysis. | |
| Jeroen Blommaert1, Ahmed Radwan2, Charlotte Sleurs1, Ron Peeters2,3, Stefan Sunaert2,3, An-Sofie Gorissen1, Kristel Van Calsteren4,5, Frédéric Amant1,6,7, and Sabine Deprez2 | ||
1Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 2Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 3Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 4Development and regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 5Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 6Gynecological Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7Gynaecological oncology, Amsterdam university medical centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands |
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Currently, data are scarce on the long-term outcome of prenatal exposure to cancer treatment. In this preliminary analysis, we investigated white matter development in 9-year-old children who were prenatally exposed to chemotherapy, using multi-shell diffusion MRI and fixel-based analysis. We found indications of lower within-voxel (reflected by Fibre Density), macroscopic (reflected by Fibre Cross-section) and total (reflected by Fibre Density and Cross-section) intra-axonal volume of the splenium, isthmus and tapetal fibres of the corpus callosum in children with prenatal chemotherapy exposure compared to controls. This suggests prenatal chemotherapy exposure to potentially impact white matter development. |
| 4580 | Neurochemical Correlates of Brain Abnormalities in Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Interim Analysis | |
| Jeffry R. Alger1,2,3, Joseph O'Neill4, Lisa Kilpatrick4, Katherine L. Narr1, Guldamla Kalender4, Ronald Ly4, Shantanu H. Joshi1, Sandy Loo4, Mary J. O'Connor4, and Jennifer G. Levitt4 | ||
1Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, 3NeuroSpectroScopics LLC, Sherman Oaks, CA, United States, 4Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Multimodal MR neuroimaging was used to identify brain differences between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) (ADHD+PAE), ADHD not associated PAE (ADHD-PAE) and normally-developing controls in an study of children aged 8-12 years. This is an interim report of findings obtained from an ongoing study after successful imaging of 73 subjects. Statistically-significant lateralized brain differences were identified in frontal white matter and gray matter. The findings provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that an objective diagnostic neuroimaging-based classifier can be developed. |
| 4581 | Whole Brain Cerebral Oxygenation Measurements in Fetuses Using 4D MRI | |
| Jing Liu1, Yan Wang1, Duan Xu1, Patrick McQuillen1, and Shabnam Peyvandi1 | ||
1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States |
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We developed accelerated 4D MRI and efficient image processing tool for whole fetal brain oxygenation measurement. Fetuses with CHD have lower cerebral oxygenation compared with controls and exhibit an oxygenation increase with maternal hyperoxia testing while controls exhibit no change. |
| 4582 | Preliminary Study on Quantitative Assessment of Fetal Brain Using MOLLI T1 Mapping Sequence | |
| Haibo Qu1,2, Xuesheng Li3, Fenglin Jia3, Yi Liao3, Zhijun Ye3, Pei Li3, Sai Liu3, Xinmao Ma3, Xiaoyue Zhou4, Qing Li4, and Shaoyu Wang5 | ||
1West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 2Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China, 3West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China, 4MR Collaborations, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, China, 5MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Xian, China |
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A modified Look-Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping technique was used to study the development of fetal brain. Our study found the MOLLI sequence with a short scan time could reduce the impact of fetal brain movements and perform robust T1 measurements. T1 values differ in brain regions and gestational weeks (from 24 to 36). A negative correlation was found between T1 values and gestational age in thalamus, posterior limb and brain stem. Therefore, T1 measured by the MOLLI sequence could be used as a biomarker for evaluating fetal brain development. |
| 4583 | Assisted vaginal delivery increases the risk of punctate white matter lesions in neonatal brain found by MRI | |
| Ting Liu1, Lingxia Zeng1, Xia Wang1, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1the First Afliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China |
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Punctate white matter lesion (PWML) was the common abnormal findings by MRI in neonates, which might predict poor motor and cognitive outcomes. Assisted vaginal delivery (AVD) increased brain injury. But the association between AVD and PWML is not clear. This study showed the mode of delivery is associated with PWML. AVD markedly increased the risk of PWML compared with cesarean delivery, especially vacuum extraction with cesarean section as a reference. The incidence of II and III-IV grade PWML of neonates with AVD was much higher than that with cesarean section. |
| 4584 | Altered Cortical Folding Depth in Fetuses with Down Syndrome | |
| HyukJin Yun1, Juan David Perez1, Neel Madan2, Rie Kitano3, Shizuko Akiyama4, Diana W. Bianchi5, P. Ellen Grant1, Tomo Tarui4, and Kiho Im1 | ||
1Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States, 3Obstetrics and Gynecology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, United States, 4Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States, 5Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States |
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Analyzing fetal brains with Down syndrome is an interesting are because genetic factors affect brain development in early fetal stages. In addition to cortical volumetric and areal measures used in our previous studies, cortical folding in the fetal brain would be an important marker of altered neurodevelopment due to Down syndrome. Thus, we calculated sulcal depth to quantify cortical folding and compared sulcal depth between Down syndrome and typically developing fetuses. Down syndrome fetuses showed significantly altered sulcal depth compared to typically developing peers in the regions related to decreased neurogenesis in early fetal life. |
| 4585 | Mapping the spatiotemporal developmental pattern of the cortex and its adjacent white matter for preterm neonates using MRI | |
| Shiyu Yuan1, Dr. Mengting Liu1, Jingda Yang 1, Dr. Arthur W. Toga1, Dr. A. James Barkovich2, Dr. Duan Xu2, and Dr. Hosung Kim 3 | ||
1USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 3USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute as department, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Myelination is essential for normal brain function. The development of myelin begins in the third trimester of pregnancy and enables rapid synchronized communication between different brain regions. During the 3rd trimester of gestation overlapping with preterm birth, the neurodevelopment undergoes intensive cyto and myeloarchitecture changes. The T1/T2 ratio is a surrogate for the degree of myelination but has not been used to study early neurodevelopment. Using T1/T2 ratio, we show the unique spatiotemporal pattern of the cyto and myeloarchitecture changes in preterm neonates. This result may be useful in prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome and functional impairments in preterm survivors. |
| 3486 | Myelin Damage in Chronic Multiple sclerosis lesions: QSM versus Phase imaging | |
| Weiyuan Huang1,2, Thanh D Nguyen1, Elizabeth Sweeney3, Xianfu Luo1, Yi Wang1,4, and Susan A Gauthier5 | ||
1Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 2Radiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China, 3Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 4Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 5Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States |
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The aim of this study was to compare differences in myelin damage among chronic MS lesions identified on QSM as compared to phase imaging. A total of 307 lesions were classified into five categories based upon QSM and Phase features, which included the presence of a hyperintense rim on QSM or hypointense rim on phase. MWF was used to assess myelin damage. Of those lesions identified to have a rim on phase, only those with a rim on QSM demonstrated the lowest MWF. QSM imaging may be more sensitive than phase imaging in detecting myelin damage in MS lesions. |
| 4586 | Functional Connectivity Alterations in Neural Networks Associated with Sustained Attention in Children with Epilepsy | |
| Lynette Looi Ling1, Amanda Wood1, Elaine Foley1, and Stefano Seri 1,2 | ||
1School of Life and Health Sciences & Aston Neuroscience Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom, 2Children’s Epilepsy Surgery Service, Birmingham Children’s and Women’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom |
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Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder diagnosed in children that can be associated with impairments in sustained attention. Attentional deficits are linked to neural dysfunction within or between the default mode network and central executive network. Limited research has examined abnormalities in these networks in children with epilepsy. Using resting-state fMRI we found reduced connectivity within and between both networks in patients (n=18) compared to controls (n=16). The neural alterations found in patients could be potential predictors of attentional deficits, and subsequently aid in identifying children requiring intervention, however further studies are warranted to confirm this. |
| 4587
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Deep learning of electrical stimulation mapping-driven DWI tractography to improve preoperative evaluation of pediatric epilepsy surgery | |
| Min-Hee Lee1,2, Nolan O'Hara2,3, Csaba Juhasz1,2,3,4, Eishi Asano1,3,4, and Jeong-Won Jeong1,2,3,4 | ||
1Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States, 2Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States, 3Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States, 4Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States |
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To investigate the clinical utility of deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)-tract-classification in the preoperative evaluation of children with focal epilepsy, DCNN-tract-classification deeply learned spatial trajectories of DWI tracts linking electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) findings, and then used to detect eloquent tracts. We found that the DCNN-tract-classification can achieve an excellent accuracy (98%) to detect eloquent areas. Also, the subsequent Kalman filter analysis showed that the preservation of detected areas predicts no postoperative deficits with a high mean accuracy across different functions (92%). Our findings demonstrate that DCNN-tract-classification may offer vital translational information in pediatric epilepsy surgery. |
| 4588
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Resting State Functional Connectivity and Angiogenesis-related Gene Co-Expression Networks in early brain development | |
| Serafeim Loukas1,2, Sandra Martin1, Joana Sa de Almeida1, Lana Vasung1,3, Dimitri Van De Ville2, Djalel Meskaldji1,4, and Petra S. Hüppi1 | ||
1Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 2Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 4Institute of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland |
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During early brain development, rs-functional connectivity exhibits regional and age-specific activation patterns. We hypothesize that these rs-fMRI patterns might reflect maturity of intracerebral microvascular compartment linked to spatio-temporal genetic expression patterns. The genetic patterns were explored through postmortem human brain specimens and the rs-fMRI connectivity using a longitudinal preterm dataset. rs-functional connectivity and angiogenic genes expression show spatio-temporal differences during early brain development. We observe an increased role of the primary somatosensory and motor cortices from late-fetal to neonatal periods that might be driven by an increased expression of important angiogenic genes in these regions. |
| 4589 | Investigating the brain volume and shape correlates of reading performance in children with reading difficulties | |
| Yu-Chen Chuang1, Hsiao-Lan Sharon Wang2, and Jun-Cheng Weng1,3,4 | ||
1Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 2Department of Special Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, 3Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, 4Medical Imaging Research Center, Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan |
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Reading disability is a special learning disorder based on the neurophysiological of the brain. Schooling children with reading disabilities (CRD) have different ways to process language from normal children (NCRD). Our study investigated the abnormality of brain volume and shape contributing to specific reading disabilities in schooling children. We found the significant difference in brain volume and shape of the parietal, temporal lobe and limbic system between CRD and NCRD. These brain areas are associated with the core phonological processing regions. |
| 4590 | Altered functional connectivity of the primary auditory with cognitive networks in inattentive children and adolescents with hearing loss | |
| Jianhong Li1, Weiwei Men2, David Zhu3, and Junfang Xian1 | ||
1Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 2Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China, 3Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States |
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Early profound deaf children and adolescents have been reported to suffer from cognitive decline and attentional deficit. Twenty-five inattentive children and adolescents with bilateral prelingual profound deafness and 30 age- and gender- matched normal controls were recruited in this study. The resting state functional connectivity differences were analyzed between two groups. The results indicated a direct impact of early auditory deprivation on high cognitive networks. The usage of hearing aid was also found to normalize the connectivity between primary auditory cortex and attention network. |
| 4591 | Development of Pediatric Spinal Cord White Matter Atlas: Preliminary Analysis | |
| Shiva Shahrampour1, Benjamin De Leener2, Devon Middleton1, Mahdi Alizadeh1, Laura Krisa1, Adam Flanders3, Scott Faro3, Julien Cohen-Adad2, and Feroze Mohamed1 | ||
1Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, 3Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States |
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Spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging and atlas-based group analysis has potential for improving prognosis of spinal cord related diseases, aid clinical decision making and provide quantitative imaging biomarkers for spinal cord injury assessment. |
| 4592 | Investigation of Longitudinal Nonhuman Primate White Matter Maturation using Quantitative R1 Relaxometry | |
| Douglas C Dean1,2,3, Jason F Moody2, Steve R Kecskemeti3, Nakul Aggarwal4, Jonathan A Oler4, Andrew L Alexander2,3,4, and Ned Kalin4 | ||
1Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 4Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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Quantitative relaxometry affords a unique opportunity to map dynamic patterns of white matter development. Nonhuman primates offer a valuable model for investigating neurodevelopment, however, NHP studies utilizing relaxometry based approaches have been limited. Here, we utilize R1 relaxometry to map maturation in 35 rhesus macaques scanned across 5 timepoints during the first year of life. R1 is observed to rapidly increase during this period, with average and individual patterns exhibiting a logarithmic-like trajectory. Results highlight the onset of myelin during this period of development and demonstrate relaxometry to be a promising approach for characterizing patterns of early brain development. |
| 4593 | Improved quantitative accuracy using high-resolution DTI guided QSM to profile myelin maturation in pediatric brains | |
| Lijia Zhang1, Chris Petty1, and Allen Song1 | ||
1Duke University Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Durham, NC, United States |
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has the potential to help access brain development, in particular, the magnetic susceptibility changes during the myelination processes in the white matter. However, the quantitative accuracy of QSM is limited by its angle dependency to the fiber orientation. In this study, we propose a method utilizing ultra-high resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to delineate the major fiber bundles (i.e. corpus callosal fibers), followed by tract-based QSM, to largely remove the angle dependence and accurately quantify the magnetic susceptibility changes during brain development. |
| 4594 | Prediction of spastic cerebral palsy based on radiographic feature in children with periventricular leukomalacia | |
| Tingting Huang1,2, Zhe Liu1, Chao Jin1, Haoxiang Jiang3, Heng Liu1, Wei Xing2, Xiaocheng Wei4, Gang Zhang2, and Jian Yang5 | ||
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China, 3Xi’an Children Hospital, Xi’an, China, 4GE Healthcare, Peking, China, 5The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Zhengzhou, China |
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Early identification of classification of cerebral palsy (CP) in children with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is crucial for specific rehabilitation treatment and improving the quality of life. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the baseline clinical data and visually assessed PVL-associated MR signs in children with CP, found that T2WI abnormal hyperintensity in body of lateral ventricle, posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), lenticular nucleus and white matter volume reduction were independent predictors of spastic CP. Results indicated that the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of multivariate regression model was 0.85, sensitivity and specificity for this model were 74.4% and 85.7%, respectively. |
| 4595 | White Matter Left-lateralization from Birth through Childhood Revealed by Tract-based Spatial Statistics with Dynamic Age-specific Templates | |
| Xianjun Li1, Yuli Zhang1, Mengxuan Li1, Miaomiao Wang1, Congcong Liu1, Chao Jin1, Xiaocheng Wei1, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China |
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Human brain exhibits structural and functional asymmetries. How the left-lateralization in white matter changes with age from newborns through childhood is not fully investigated. In this work, development of the left-lateralization from birth to 13 years is revealed by using tract-based spatial statistics with dynamic age-specific brain templates. Structural left-lateralization with larger fractional anisotropy in motor-related and language-related white matter is already present in newborns. The involvement of corticospinal tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus into regions with left-lateralization appears at different age. This may be associated with the development of fine motor and language during the early childhood. |
| 4596 | Investigating the change of optic radiation in Septo-optic dysplasia patients with DTI | |
| Xiaoyu Wang1, Cong Tian1, Xinxin Tao1, Mengxuan Li1, Yuli Zhang1, Xiaocheng Wei2, and Jian Yang3 | ||
1The first affliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, 3Radiology, The first affliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China |
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Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare congenital malformation disorder and have equally prevalent in males and females in early brain development. This study evaluated the micro-structure of optic radiation pathway using automatic fiber bundle quantization tracking (AFQ)in DT image to investigate the possible developmental impairment of optic radiation pathway that might cause by the abnormalanatomy structure of SOD patient. Result showed abnormal changes of optic radiation were found in SOD patients. The DTI tractography result could provides a non-invasive mapping of the optic radiation pathway and locate the injury. |
| 4597 | Subcortical abnormalities in adolescents with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder | |
| Ruohan Feng1, Lihua Zhuo1, Xinyue Hu2, Yingxue Gao2, Lianqing Zhang2, Yang Li3, Xinyu Hu2, Shi Tang2, Ming Zhou1, Guoping Huang3, and Xiaoqi Huang2 | ||
1Department of Radiology, the third hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China, Mianyang, China, 2Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China, Chengdu, China, 3Department of Psychiatry, the third hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China, Mianyang, China |
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We analysis subcortical nucleus volume in 57 adolescents aged 13-18: 35 with MDD and 22 healthy controls (HC). Compared to HCs, the MDD group showed reduction in volume of the HATA nuclei of the left hippocampus and the subiculum nuclei of the right hippocampus, and increased volume in the LD、MDI、 MDm of the left thalamus and in the MV(Re) of the right thalamus. There were no significant difference in amygdala subregion between the MDD group and the HC group. We propose that these subregions will contribute to the affective and cognitive abnormities in adolescents with MDD. |
| 4598 | CHemotherapy-Induced cardiotoxicity: LongitudinaL imaging study (CHILL) | |
| Nivedita K. Naresh1, Doaa Aly2, Michal Schafer2, Brian Fonseca3, Bruce Landeck2, Jenna Sopfe4, Lorna P Browne1, and Alex J Barker1,5 | ||
1Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States, 2Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States, 3Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States, 4Oncology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States, 5Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States |
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In this retrospective study, we explored the potential of cardiac MRI to identify functional imaging biomarkers of cardiotoxicity in pediatric patients exposed to anthracycline chemotherapy. Global and regional myocardial strain was reduced in patients with ejection fraction (EF)>50% indicating that myocardial strain may be an early imaging biomarker of cardiotoxicity in pediatric patients. Additionally, regional differences were found in strain measurements in this population. The results from this study will be used to perform prospective imaging studies to identify early functional imaging biomarkers of cardiotoxicity in pediatric population. |
| 4599 | Depicting White Matter Developmental Trajectory Using Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging：from neonate through childhood | |
| Yuli Zhang1, Xianjun Li1, Mengxuan Li1, Qinli Sun1, Miaomiao Wang1, Chao Jin1, Congcong Liu1, Fan Wu1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Huifang Zhao1, Yannan Chen1, Cong Tian1, Peiyao Chen1, Xiaocheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, 22. MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Xi'an, China, China |
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Brain development is a complex process linked with behavioral, emotional, cognitive, especially the maturation process of WM is both of great scientific and clinical importance1. However, the lack of continuous development of WM from neonate to childhood. Diffusion kurtosis imaging(DKI)is a diffuse imaging method that reflects non-Gaussian distribution information of biological water. This study aimed to use DKI parameters depicting developmental trajectory of WM. The fractional anisotropy(FA), mean kurtosis(MK),axial kurtosis(AK),radial kurtosis(RK)positively correlated with age; the axial diffusivity(AD) radial diffusivity(RD) negativly correlated with age. These parameters changed rapidly before the age of 2 years old, and then gradually slowed down. |
| 4600 | Altered corticospinal tract microstructure is associated with motor performance in adolescents with congenital heart disease | |
| Melanie Ehrler1, Michael von Rhein1,2, Oliver Kretschmar3, Beatrice Latal1, and Ruth O'Gorman Tuura4 | ||
1Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Developmental Pediatrics, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland, 3Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, 4Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland |
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Children with congenital heart diseases (CHD) undergoing open-heart surgery are at an increased risk of motor impairment, but little is known about the neuroanatomical correlates of these deficits. The purpose of the present study was to examine the link between corticospinal tract (CST) microstructure, assessed with diffusion tensor MRI, and motor function in a cohort of adolescents with operated CHD. Compared to age-matched controls, adolescents with CHD showed lower CST anisotropy which correlated with worse fine motor function and poorer movement quality. CHD may therefore lead to alterations in motor tract development, increasing the risk of persistent motor impairments. |
| 4601 | Abnormal Left Atrial Performance in Children with Repair Tetralogy of Fallot using CMR Feature Tracking | |
| Liwei Hu1, Xiaodan Zhao2, Rongzhen Ouyang1, Shuang Leng2, WeiHui Xie1, Yafeng Peng1, Xiaofen Yao1, Yong Zhang3, Ru San Tan2,4, Liang Zhong2,4, and Yumin Zhong1 | ||
1Radiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China, 2National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 3GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China, 4Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |
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Right ventricular (RV) and atrial (RA) dilation has been clinically observed in patients after initial repair of tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) and is associated with adverse long-term outcomes. Due to RA and left atrial (LA) interaction, we aimed to determine the effect of RA dilation on LA performance from feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in pediatric rTOF patients. Results revealed that LA strains and strain rates were impaired in rTOF than age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. RA volumes are negatively associated with LA strains. These findings may suggest LA diastolic dysfunction from chronic RV and RA dilations in rTOF, even at early stage after initial repair. |
| 4602
|
20-min Pediatric Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance without Contrast or Anesthesia: Initial Evaluation in Kids with Congenital Heart Disease | |
| Lexiaozi Fan1,2, Hassan Haji-Valizadeh3, Cynthia K Rigsby4, Joshua D. Robinson4, Paige Constance Nelson4, and Daniel Kim1,2 | ||
1Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States, 3Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 4Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States |
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Cardiovascular MRI is an excellent diagnostic tool for children with congenital heart disease (CHD), but the long acquisition times, and need for sedation/anesthesia and the administration of a gadolinium-based contrast results it only accounts for only 2% of pediatric cardiac diagnostic tests. Our 20-min, free-breathing, non-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol is potentially a game-changer, because its total scan time (20 min) is considerably shorter than a standard protocol (90 min) and does not require anesthesia or gadolinium-based contrast agent. |
| 4603 | Feasibility of a cued deep breathing task to map cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy and clinical pediatric cohorts | |
| Kristina Zvolanek1,2, Rachael Stickland1, and Molly Bright1,2 | ||
1Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States |
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Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) mapping with MRI is emerging as a useful metric of vascular health. Tracking natural fluctuations in CO2 (a vasodilator) during a resting state fMRI scan has been proposed as a method to map CVR, but it is uncertain whether this method is reliable. We propose adding a two-minute breathing challenge prior to a resting state acquisition to transiently reduce CO2 levels. Here, we tested the feasibility of this method in a small pediatric cohort. The breathing challenge produced more robust CVR maps in both controls and children with cerebral palsy compared to resting state data alone. |
| 4604 | Longitudinal Assessment of Third Trimester Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Very Preterm Infants | |
| Zungho Zun1,2,3,4, Kushal Kapse1, Marni Jacobs3,5, Sudeepta Basu3,6, Mariam Said3,6, Nicole Andersen1, Jonathan Murnick1,3,4, Taeun Chang3,7,8, Adre du Plessis2,3, and Catherine Limperopoulos1,2,3,4 | ||
1Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States, 2Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States, 3Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States, 4Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States, 5Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States, 6Division of Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States, 7Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States, 8Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States |
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Early newborn age is a crucial phase of brain development, which can be characterized by in-vivo measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF). In this study we assessed regional CBF in very preterm infants longitudinally during the ex-utero third trimester using arterial spin labeling. CBF in preterm infants significantly increased with postmenstrual age in all regions with the most rapid increase and the highest mean of CBF in the cerebellum. Lower CBF was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage and patent ductus arteriosus. CBF in preterm infants was higher than that of healthy full-term controls at term equivalent age. |
| 4605 | Right and Left Ventricular Volume Quantification in Children with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Using 4D Flow MRI | |
| Xiaofen Yao1, Liwei Hu1, Rongzhen Ouyang1, Yafeng Peng1, Weihui Xie1, Fei Feng2, and Yumin Zhong1 | ||
1Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China, 2GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China |
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4D flow CMR has been used to assess right and left ventricular function with increasing attention. We hypothesis that the results of right and left ventricular volume quantification using 4D flow has the same accuracy compared to that with 2D b-SSFP cine sequence in children with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (r-TOF). |
| 4606 | Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic Abnormalities in Pediatric Repaired TOF Patients with Preserved EF: CMR Feature Tracking Analysis | |
| Rongzhen Ouyang1, Shuang Leng2, Liwei Hu1, Aimin Sun1, Qian Wang1, Xiaofen Yao1, Xiaodan Zhao2, Ru-San Tan2, Yong Zhang3, Liang Zhong2,4, and Yumin Zhong1 | ||
1Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 2National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 3GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China, 4Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |
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Right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) <45% is insensitive for detecting systolic dysfunction due to pulmonary regurgitation after Tetralogy of Fallot repair (rTOF). In pediatric rTOF patients with RVEF≥45% and healthy controls, CMR feature tracking was used to assess RV systolic strains and displacement as well as systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities. We observed abnormal RV global longitudinal strain and myocardial velocities in rTOF despite normal RVEF. 78% and 75% of rTOF patients had tricuspid annular displacement systolic excursion <10.9 mm and peak systolic myocardial velocity <6.3cm/s (lower normal limits among controls), respectively, indicating high prevalence of systolic functional impairment. |
| 4607
|
Brain oxygen extraction fraction is associated with 10minute Apgar score and severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy | |
| Dengrong Jiang1, W. Christopher Golden2, Charlamaine Parkinson2, Li Pan3, Zixuan Lin1, Hanzhang Lu1, Aylin Tekes1, Frances Northington2, and Peiying Liu1 | ||
1Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Siemens Healthineers, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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Hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and severe neurological impairment in childhood. Quantification of cerebral oxygen utilization in HIE neonates may provide valuable information to guide the treatment and predict clinical outcomes. Oxygen-extraction-fraction (OEF) is an important index of the brain’s oxygen utilization. In this work, we used a rapid, non-invasive MRI technique to measure the global OEF in HIE neonates, and examined the association of OEF with Apgar scores and the severity of HIE. We demonstrated that global OEF was associated with 10minute Apgar score. Global OEF also decreased with the severity of HIE. |
| 4608 | Wide-spread Reduced Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Right Ventricle Compared to Left Ventricle Single Ventricle Heart Disease | |
| Rajesh Kumar1,2,3,4, Bhaswati Roy1, Xingfeng Shao5, Nancy J. Halnon6, Alan B. Lewis7, Mary A. Woo8, Danny JJ Wang5,9, and Nancy A. Pike8 | ||
1Anesthesiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Radiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 4Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 5Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 6Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 7Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 8UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 9Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Single ventricle heart disease (SVHD) presents with either a dominant single right ventricle (RV) or left ventricle (LV). Individuals with RV dominant SVHD show worse outcomes, including worse cognition and quality of life, which may result from decreased cardiac output due to differences in ventricular size, shape, and function or other structural related sequela, contributing to regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes. We examined CBF changes between RV and LV over controls, and found more wide-spread changes in RV over LV. These findings indicate that worse outcomes in RV SVHD may result from compromised CBF over LV SVHD. |
| 4609 | Comparison of advanced and simplified computational fluid dynamics simulations in the Glenn and Fontan circulations – an MRI validation study | |
| Nicolas Aristokleous1, Petter Frieberg1, Johannes Töger 1, Petru Liuba2, Pia Sjöberg1, Einar Heiberg 1, and Marcus Carlsson1 | ||
1Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatric Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden |
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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling may help patients with heart defects by predicting blood flow after interventions thus aiding surgical planning. Current CFD-techniques are not clinically feasible due to long computational times. We compared a simplified CFD technique to the state-of-the-art advanced CFD and validated the results with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We could show that the simplified CFD method on a conventional laptop saved between 75%-99% computing time compared with advanced CFD on a dedicated computation server with comparable accuracy in results of flow distributions. This simplified CFD method may facilitate the implementation of CFD predictions in a clinical setting. |
| 4610 | Non-invasive cardiac magnetic resonance blood oxygenation mapping in complex congenital heart disease | |
| Lajja Desai1,2, Juliet Varghese3, Rizwan Ahmad3, Orlando Simonetti3, Cynthia Rigsby2, and Michael Markl1 | ||
1Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 3Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States |
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Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can be utilized for non-invasive estimation of blood oxygen (O2) saturation in complex pediatric heart disease (i.e., single ventricle physiology) with good correlation to current gold standard catheter-derived measurements. Oximetry maps derived from T2 CMR data can enhance visualization of regional O2 saturations and may guide optimization of image acquisition and analysis. |
| 4611
|
Effect of Sedation on Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen (CMRO2) in Children with Congenital Heart Disease | |
| Pei-Hsin Wu1, Alexandra Batzdorf1, Arastoo Vossough2, Daniel J. Licht2, Mark A. Fogel2, and Felix W. Wehrli1 | ||
1Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States |
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CMRO2 was evaluated by MR susceptometry. The hypothesis that CMRO2 is lower in sedated young children with single ventricle heart defects (SVD) was investigated in this study. The results show that (1) lower CMRO2 was found in young subjects after administration of sevoflurane, compared to their unsedated peers, (2) brain volumes in patients with SVD were comparable to those reported in healthy children, (3) cerebral blood flow was smaller than the values reported in healthy subjects. The preliminary data indicate that results from awake and sedated subgroups cannot be pooled, at least not for the study of the neurometabolic consequences. |
| 4612 | Decreased fractional anisotropy in the diffusion tensor imaging of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy with normal conventional MRI | |
| Qiang Zheng1, Chenying Zhao2, Minhui Ouyang3, Arastoo Vossough4, Giulio Zuccoli3, Raymond Wang Sze4, Hao Huang4, and Misun Hwang4 | ||
1School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China, 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 3Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 4Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States |
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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, studies on DTI in HIE neonates with normal DWI, T1/T2-weighted images (referred as conventional MRI) are rarely reported. Here, we compared fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity among controls, HIE neonates with normal conventional MRI, and HIE neonates with abnormal conventional MRI. The results demonstrate that FA is the most sensitive DTI measurement, and significantly decreased in HIE neonates with normal MRI, suggesting the importance of inclusion of DTI for evaluating HIE in clinical practice and research. |
| 4613 | Quantitative assessment of the distribution of mild white matter injury in preterm and term neonates | |
| Miaomiao Wang1, Xianjun Li1, Yuli Zhang1, Fan Wu1, Congcong Liu1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Cong Tian1, Peiyao Cheng1, Mengxuan Li1, Chao Jin1, XiaoCheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China |
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White matter injury is common in neonates. The most common punctate white matter lesions (PWML) can disappear along with time and are easily missed diagnosis. Most current clinical scores account for the numbers and the size of PWML, but ignore the lesion location, which is important for the outcome prediction. This study aims to quantitatively assess the distribution of mild PWML in preterm and term neonates, and characterize its dynamic alterations with gestational age. Our study found that mild PWML is mainly located in the posterior of brain, with extensive injury in the preterm extending to the central region. |
| 4614 | Differences in Functional Integration and Segregation in CHD Neonates: Interactions with Sex | |
| Vincent Jerome Schmithorst1, Jodie Votava-Smith2, and Ashok Panigrahy1 | ||
1Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 2Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Functional network topology was compared between neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) and normal controls and sex-X-CHD interactions were investigated. Using a cost-independent analysis, CHD neonates displayed reduced segregation globally (modularity, transitivity) and nodally (clustering coefficient, participation coefficient) mainly in frontal and subcortical regions; no significant sex-X-CHD interactions were found. Using a cost-dependent analysis, CHD neonates displayed reduced integration and segregation globally (global efficiency, transitivity) and nodally (nodal efficiency, clustering coefficient) in frontal, temporal, and subcortical regions. Significant sex-X-CHD interactions (M>F) were found in similar regions. Results may support a neurophysiological basis for differential neurodevelopmental outcomes related to sex. |
| 4615 | Mathematical Modeling of White Matter Development in Infant Rhesus Monkeys | |
| Jason F. Moody1, Nakul Aggarwal2, Douglas C. Dean III1,3,4, Do Tromp2, Steve R. Kecskemeti4, Jonathan Oler2, Ned H. Kalin2, and Andrew L. Alexander1,2,3,4 | ||
1Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 4Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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In this study, we use prototypical DTI metrics to assess longitudinal changes in white matter (WM) across the postnatal rhesus macaque brain, over the first year of life. DTI trajectories extracted from 37 ROIs conform to a logarithmic model and illustrate an initial 10-week period of exceedingly rapid WM development, followed by a prominent plateau in alterations at approximately 6 months of age. K-means clustering of model parameters suggests distinct regional differences in WM maturation. Our analysis provides an early quantitative framework for attaining insights into healthy postnatal WM development, and eventually, establishing connections between WM deterioration and human psychopathology. |
| 4616 | SAR and temperature in neonate models resulting from exposure to 7T head coil | |
| Shaihan J Malik1,2, Jeff W Hand1,2, Ryan Satnarine1, and Joseph V Hajnal1,2 | ||
1Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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A safety study for neonatal MRI at 7T using an generic head transmit coil was performed using two baby voxel models, one of which was created as part of this study. Both adult and age-adjusted tissue properties were used in performing RF simulations. Simulations showed that SAR/W is increased for neonatal imaging, but the efficiency per B1+2 is comparable to adult imaging. The new neonate model additionally had a 'blanket' layer that could be used to simulate thermal insulation as is often used in practice. Thermal simulations suggest that scanning within IEC SAR limits does not lead to excessive heating. |
| 4617 | An Automated Processing Pipeline to Assess and Improve Data Quality for Multicentre Pediatric Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Imaging | |
| Stephen Powell1,2, Stephanie Withey2,3,4, Yu Sun2,5, James Grist2, Lesley MacPherson6, Laurence Abernathy7, Barry Pizer8, Richard Grundy9, Simon Bailey10, Dipayan Mitra11, Dorothee Auer12, Shivaram Avula7, Theodoros N. Arvanitis2,3,13, and Andrew Peet2,3 | ||
1Physical Sciences for Health CDT, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 3Department of Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 4RRPPS, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 5School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, 6Radiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 7Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 8Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 9The Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 10Sir James Spence Institute of Child Health, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 11Neuroradiology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 12Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 13Institute of Digital Healthcare, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom |
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Obtaining robust perfusion measures from pediatric Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC-) MRI, such as cerebral blood volume (CBV), is challenging due to variability in acquisition protocols between centres and a heterogeneous patient population. Quality control (QC) is currently carried out by expert qualitative review. An automated QC pipeline was developed which used denoising to salvage data, and assessed data quality using logistic regression classification, with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and root mean square error (RMSE) in a gamma variate fit to the first pass as predictors. SNR was the key factor in data quality and denoising is important in assuring appropriate analysis. |
| 4618 | 8-channel dipole array for 7 Tesla neonatal brain and cardiac MRI | |
| Jérémie Daniel Clément1, Raphael Tomi-Tricot2, Ryan Satnarine1, Jeffrey Hand1, Shaihan Malik1,3, Irena Zivkovic4, Andrew Webb4, Jo Hajnal1, and Özlem Ipek1 | ||
1Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, United Kingdom, 3Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 4Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands |
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An 8-channel dipole array was investigated for neonatal brain and cardiac MR imaging at 7T. The coil array was compared using electromagnetic field simulations to a single-channel birdcage coil on a realistic baby model for brain and cardiac imaging. B1+-efficiency and SAR10g were evaluated. The dipole coil array demonstrated significant lower SAR10g levels for both imaging positions. The working of the constructed dipole array was assessed on adult head. We conclude that dipole arrays are a valuable approach for neonatal brain and cardiac MR imaging at 7T, and could be part of future ethics approval of a neonatal MRI application. |
| 4619 | Application of phase-based motion outlier detection to infant dMRI | |
| Nahla M H Elsaid1, Jiachen Zhuo2, Jerry L Prince3, Yu-Chien Wu1, and Rupa Radhakrishnan1 | ||
1Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States, 2Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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Detecting and eliminating motion-corrupted slices is crucial in diffusion MRI (dMRI), and particularly essential in imaging neonates. Conventional magnitude-based outlier rejection methods are intensity-based and can usually detect and correct intra-volume movement but can miss outliers in cases of small continuous motions. Phase-based methods can be used to detect motion independently, regardless of the slice-to-volume location. The phase-based method is reasonably accurate and computationally fast, and may be better suited for real-time detection of motion in dMRI. Combining magnitude and phase methods could produce the best results. Here, we evaluate the phase-based method versus the magnitude-based method in neonatal data.
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| 4620 | An integrated multi‐echo denoising strategy improves the performance of the FPS-fMRI approach on a face localizer | |
| Ziyang Chen1, Minjie Wen2, Xiaoqing Gao3, Yi-Cheng Hsu4, Hongjian He1, and Jianhui Zhong1,5 | ||
1Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, Hangzhou, China, 2Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China, 3Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, China, Hangzhou, China, 4MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China, 5Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA, Rochester, NY, United States |
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The fast periodic stimulation (FPS) fMRI approach can be influenced by noise with its frequency spectrum close to the specific task frequency. In this study, we investigated the effect of an integrated multi-echo denoising strategy compared with a single-echo strategy on a face localizer task. The group-averaged SNR increased on a typical face processing network due to a significant decrease in the noise frequency standard deviation. False-positive error introduced by the denoising process could be well tolerated in the presence of a positive activation increase. |
| 4621 | Size-Adaptable 32-Channel Receive Array for Pediatric Brain Imaging at 3 Tesla | |
| Anpreet Ghotra1, Heather Kosakowski2, Atsushi Takahashi2, Markus May1, Alina Scholz1, Nicolas Kutscha1, Mirsad Mahmutovic1, Lawrence L Wald3, Nancy Kanwisher2, Rebecca Saxe2, and Boris Keil1 | ||
1Institute of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, TH Mittelhessen University of Applied Science, Giessen, Germany, 2McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, 3Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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The aim of this study is a hardware related approach to increase the subject’s compliance for fMRI with awake infants. An infant-friendly head coil array was developed to improve sensitivity, spatial resolution, accelerated encoding, motion insensitivity, and subject tolerance in pediatric MR-imaging. The coil was characterized with both bench and image metrics and compared to a 32-channel adult head coil. The size-optimized 32-channel infant array coil provides increased reception sensitivity and is well-suited for highly accelerated fMRI data acquisitions in awake infants. |
| 4622 | High-resolution MRI of retinoblastoma achieved by the dedicated pediatric coil at 3T | |
| Nan Li1, Hui Zheng2, Ting Gui2, Qiufeng Yin2, Yang Xin3, Shuheng Zhang3, Qiang He3, Xiaoliang Zhang4, Xin Liu5, Hairong Zheng5, Dengbin Wang2, and Ye Li5 | ||
1Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, shenzhen, China, 2Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,, Shanghai, China, 3Shanghai United Imaging, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, United States., Buffalo, NY, United States, 5Lauterbur Imaging Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, shenzhen, China |
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High resolution MRI has become a very useful diagnostic tool in evaluation children with retinoblastoma. In this paper, higher spatial resolution images of retinoblastoma in 3T MRI were acquired by using the dedicated pediatric coil with optimized imaging protocol. 8 examinations in this study were analyzed and assessed. The results show that all were achieved the good image quality, which is very significance for the accurate diagnosis in retinoblastoma and evaluation of therapeutic effect in clinically. |
| 4623 | Quiet Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Moyamoya Disease | |
| Satoshi Nakajima1, Yasutaka Fushimi1, Tomohisa Okada2, Gosuke Okubo1, Yusuke Yokota1, Sonoko Oshima1, Sayo Otani1, Azusa Sakurama1, Krishna Pandu Wicaksono1, and Kaori Togashi1 | ||
1Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, 2Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan |
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Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an essential MR sequence for evaluating pediatric patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Acoustic noise associated with DWI may lead to motion artifact. Compared with conventional DWI (cDWI), quiet DWI (qDWI) is considered less noisy and able to keep children more relaxed and stable. We evaluated the advantages of qDWI compared with cDWI in pediatric MMD patients. Compared with cDWI, qDWI induced fewer artifacts in sedated pediatric MMD patients, whereas in unsedated patients, the frequencies of qDWI- and cDWI-induced artifacts were similar. qDWI and cDWI had the same performance for detecting restricted diffusion. |
| 4624 | Machine-Learning Segmentation and Classification of Pediatric Brain Tumors Based on Preclinical Multiparametric Advanced Fast Imaging (MAFI) | |
| Marina Stukova1, Samuel Henehan2, Jenna Steiner2, Alaina Marquardt2, and Natalie Julie Serkova3 | ||
1Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States, 2University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, United States, 3Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Denver, CO, United States |
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Brain tumors are the second most common malignancy in childhood (exceeded only by leukemia). Clinically, multiparametric MRI is now considered to be the neuroimaging standard for detecting brain tumors. Pediatric brain tumors have a diverse array of clinical manifestations, cellular and molecular phenotypes, and tumor habitats. Previously, we reported on the initial development of a non-gadolinium, Multiparametric Advanced Fast Imaging (MAFI) protocol at the 9.4 Tesla in patient derived xenografts models (PDX, ISMRM 2019). Here, we expanded our study to include all existing pediatrics PDX mouse models for machine learning based segmentation and classification of four major brain tumor subtypes. |
| 4625 | DKI is a sensitive method for detect the white matter patho-morphological variations in neonates with mild white matter injury | |
| Miaomiao Wang1, Mengxuan Li1, Xianjun Li1, Congcong Liu1, Yuli Zhang1, Fan Wu1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Cong Tian1, Peiyao Cheng1, XiaoCheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China |
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White matter injury is common in neonates. The most common punctate white matter lesions (PWML) can disappear along with time and are easily missed diagnosis. Since DTI is not sensitive to detect the white matter (WM) microstructural changes in mild PWMLs, DKI may provide more details for capture the WM alterations. This study aims to investigate the utility of DKI in characterizing the WM microstructural variations following mild PWMLs. Our study found that diffusion kurtosis and two-compartment metrics are sensitive imaging markers for characterize the WM microstructural alterations of mild PWMLs, which is associated with reactive gliosis and axonal swelling. |
| 4626 | Simultaneous micro- and macrostructural assessment of normal brain development | |
| Bénédicte Maréchal1,2,3, Gian Franco Piredda1,2,3, Tom Hilbert1,2,3, Clovis Tauber4, Jean-Philippe Cottier4, Jean-Philippe Thiran3, Tobias Kober1,2,3, and Baptiste Morel4,5 | ||
1Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 3LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 4UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France, 5Pediatric Radiology Department, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU of Tours, Tours, France |
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MRI has become a routine diagnostic modality for evaluating normal structural and metabolic development of the brain in children. In this work, MP2RAGE sequence parameters and consecutive automated brain morphometry are optimized to overcome cohort-specific challenges due to wide variations in head size, head shape, and rapid changes in tissue contrast associated with myelination. Reference ranges for both volumetric and T1-relaxometry measures are built from a pediatric population with normal MRI findings. We also provide an initial assessment of potential clinical applications of these micro- and macrostructural features and corresponding normative ranges using selected cases with abnormal findings. |
| 4627 | Power-law fits for the direction-averaged diffusion MRI signal: a potential marker for white matter maturation in non-feeding infants | |
| Emilie T McKinnon1,2,3, Hunter G Moss1,3, Bashar W Badran4, Dorothea D Jenkins5, and Jens H Jensen1,3 | ||
1Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States, 2Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States, 3Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States, 4Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States, 5Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States |
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Preterm or hypoxic ischemic birth is associated with postpartum feeding problems and white matter dysmaturation. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation has been proposed as therapy, and here we explore the application of high b-value diffusion MRI to assess changes in white matter following stimulation. Our hypothesis is that using high b-values will improve sensitivity to alterations in white matter as compared with traditional diffusion measures. Power-law fits for high b-value diffusion MRI data were investigated in 12 neonates. We find that the power-law exponent decreases in early development and give preliminary results for its application as a marker for treatment response. |
| 4628 | A deep transfer learning model for early prediction of cognitive deficits using brain structural connectome data in very preterm infants | |
| Ming Chen1,2, Hailong Li1, Jinghua Wang3, Weihong Yuan3,4, Adebayo Brainmah4, Mekibib Altaye5, Nehal Parikh1,6, and Lili He1,4,6 | ||
1The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 2Department of Electronic Engineering and Computing Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 3Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 4Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 5Department of Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 6Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States |
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The high risk of cognitive deficits is a major concern for parents and clinicians caring for premature babies. Early and accurate identification of children at risk is urgently needed for early treatment decision. We propose a deep transfer learning model to predict cognitive deficits at 2 years corrected age using brain structural connectome data obtained at term. The proposed model was able to identify infants at high-risk of later cognitive deficit with an accuracy of 78.5% and an AUC of 0.75. The predicted cognitive scores were significantly correlated with corresponding Bayley-III cognitive scores, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.48. |
| 4629 | Early prediction of neurodevelopmental deficits in very preterm infants using a multi-task deep transfer learning model | |
| Lili He1,2,3, Hailong Li1,3, Jinghua Wang4, Ming Chen1,5, Jonathan R. Dillman4,6, and Nehal Parikh1,2 | ||
1The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 3Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 4Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 5Department of Electronic Engineering and Computing Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 6Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States |
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We proposed a deep transfer learning model using the fusion of clinical and brain functional connectome data obtained at term for early neurodevelopmental deficits prediction at two years corrected age in very preterm infants. The proposed model was first trained in an unsupervised fashion using 884 subjects from publicly available ABIDE repository, then fine-tuned and cross-validated on 33 very preterm infants. Our model achieved an AUC of 0.77, 0.63 and 0.74 on the risk stratification of cognitive, language and motor deficits, respectively. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of using deep transfer learning on connectome data for abnormal neurodevelopment prediction. |
| 4630 | Predictive Model of MRI Screening for Neonatal Punctate White Matter Lesion Based on Multi-Center Data | |
| Congcong Liu1, Qinli Sun1, Miaomiao Wang1, Xiaoyu Wang 1, Yannan Cheng1, Ting Liu1, Zhe Liu1, Pan Cao1, Fan Wu1, Yuli Zhang1, Huifang Zhao1, Chao Jin1, Xianjun Li1, Xingxing Tao1, Xiaocheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Xi'an, China |
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PWML with high incidence (~20%) was correlated with adverse neurodevelopment outcomes and lesions disappeared as time goes on. Although MRI can accurately evaluate PWML, currently it’s not a universal screening method. This study aimed to develop a predictive model of MRI screening for PWML based on clinical factors, and help clinicians identify which neonates should undergo MRI. 5899 neonates were recruited. Logistic regression analysis were used to develop the model. Ten independent factors were identified and the model was presented as nomogram. Current model showed good discrimination and clinically use. It will help clinicians conveniently and early make decision. |
| 4631 | Dorsal-ventral stream development for visual word processing | |
| Sunita Gudwani1,2, S. Senthil Senthil Kumaran3, Rajesh Sagar4, Madhuri Behari5, Manju Mehta6, Vaishna Narang7, SN Dwivedi8, and NR Jagannathan3 | ||
1Department of ENT, Escorts Heart Institute and Research Center, New Delhi, India, 2Former Department of NMR and MRI Facility, Former ALL INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, NEW DELHI, India, 3Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 4Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 5Department of Neurology, Fortis Hospital, New Delhi, India, 6Department of Psychiatry (Psychology Unit), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 7Department of Linguistics, School of Language, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 8Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India |
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Reading skill is window to the world that we acquire with development. Dual-route model predicts our proficiency of grapheme (text) to phoneme (sound) conversion and semantic decoding (understanding content) for visual words. Fast processing by frontoparietal pathway while meaningful word reading but lexical decision to pseudowords proceeds slowly and exhaustively. Pseudoword successful orthographic mapping recruits ventral and then dorsal areas. This phonological proficiency and exhaustive mental lexicon search during reading is automatized with skill development. Current study evidences recruitment of inferior frontal gyrus (BA44 and 45), insula, thalamus, caudate nucleus and cortical reorganizations of skill developmental with age |
| 4632
|
Delineation of language network maturation during infancy with multi-modal perfusion and functional MRI | |
| Minhui Ouyang1, Qinlin Yu1, Huiying Kang2, Yun Peng2, Bo Hong3, and Hao Huang1,4 | ||
1Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 4Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States |
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Human language capabilities are acquired during infancy. We hypothesized that language brain circuit emergence is supported by rapidly increasing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to meet the metabolic demands. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of rCBF in language network during infancy is unknown. In this study, we acquired resting-state fMRI and pCASL perfusion MRI from 48 infants aged 0-24months for identifying language network and quantifying rCBF, respectively. Heterogeneous and significant age-dependent rCBF increases were found at specific functional regions of language network during this critical period. |
| 4633 | Visual processing activation in the magnocellular pathway is associated with Developmental Dyslexia | |
| Denis Peruzzo1, Sara Mascheretti2, Chiara Andreola2,3, Gabriele Amorosino1,4, Stefania Tirelli1, Daniela Redaelli1, and Filippo Arrigoni1 | ||
1Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy, 2Child Psychopathology Unit, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy, 3Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education (LaPsyDE), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France, 4NeuroInformatics Laboratory (NILab), Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy |
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According to the magnocellular (M) deficit theory, deficits in the visual M functions predict reading skills and are associated with Developmental Dyslexia (DD). We acquired two well-established visual tasks (i.e. a sinusoidal grating and a coherent dots motion detection) in 22 Normal Readers (NR) and 22 children with DD. We applied a multi-variate pattern analysis approach to combine the two tasks. The combination of their activation patterns significantly discriminated between NR and children with DD, suggesting that differences in the M functions are present between the two populations and supporting the M deficit theory |
| 4634 | Functional Brain Network Connectivity Patterns in Never and Currently Stunted Young Children in India | |
| Muriel Marisa Katharina Bruchhage1,2, Giang-Chau Ngo1,2, Madhuri Tiwari3, Aarti Kumar3, Vishwajeet Kumar3, Viren D'Sa1,2, and Sean C. L. Deoni1,2,4 | ||
1Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States, 2Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States, 3Community Empowerment Lab, Lucknow, India, 4Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Discovery & Tools, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States |
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Growth stunting is an indicator of poor child development, negatively impacting cognitive performance and overall health until adulthood. While previous studies have investigated links between neurocognitive functioning and resting state network functional connectivity (fc), most have been conducted in developed countries. In our study, we investigate brain network fc at rest in young children (<2 years) living in an Indian region with one of the worst human development indicators. When currently stunted, fewer fc networks were present than in never stunted children, possibly indicating an effect of stunting on brain fc already at a very young age. |
| 4635
|
Functional Correlates to Achieving Early Motor and Language Milestones | |
| Muriel Marisa Katharina Bruchhage1,2, Giang-Chau Ngo1,2, Viren D'Sa1,2, and Sean C. L. Deoni1,2,3 | ||
1Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States, 2Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States, 3Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Discovery & Tools, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States |
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Developmental milestones are essential for a child’s development, with early milestones building a stepping-stone for more complex skills later. In this study, we investigate resting state functional connectivity (fc) before and after major developmental milestones (walking, pincer grasp, first words) were reached in a large cohort of typically developing children (3 to 30 months). Reaching a milestone showed a different fc pattern across all skill domains. Opposite to more complex skills where fc strengthened with skill advancement, walking recruited fewer fc networks when the milestone was reached, possibly underlining the importance of automaticity and complexity demand for the milestone achieved. |
| 4636 | Alterations in brain white matter structural network in children with seizure and cognitive dysfunction | |
| Yannan Cheng1, Chao Jin2, Xianjun Li2, Congcong Liu2, Miaomiao Wang2, Huifang Zhao2, Xiaoyu Wang2, Yuli Zhang2, Fan Wu2, Mengxuan Li2, Cong Tian2, Peiyao Chen2, Xiaocheng Wei3, Jianxin Guo2, and Jian Yang2 | ||
1Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, Xi'an, China, 2the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, Xi'an, China, 3MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Bei Jing, People's Republic of China, Xi'an, China |
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Seizures are the most common disease in children and some types like epilepsy usually cause many serious co-morbidities such as cognitive dysfunction. We detailed the alterations of brain white matter network in children with seizure and cognitive dysfunction by comparing the difference of network properties and connectivity strength between the patient and control groups. Here, we found that children with seizure and cognitive dysfunction show a suboptimal brain organization with reduced information integration ability, and abnormalities in multiple intrinsic functional connectivity may be the structural basis for cognitive impairment in patients with seizures. |
| 4637 | The subregion scheme of the precuneus in children with autism spectrum disorder: a multimodal network analysis based on the Brainnetome Atlas | |
| Xin Xu1,2 and Qiyong Gong1,2 | ||
1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan Uinversity, Chengdu, China, 2Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011)), West China Hospital of Sichuan Uinversity, Chengdu, China |
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To explore the brain network characteristics in children with ASD, we calculated the whole-brain structural and functional connectivity and its network topological attributes between ASD children and typical development (TD) by using whole-brain multimodal connectivity network analysis based on the Brainnetome Atlas. This study found that the left dorsomedial parieto-occipital sulcus was the area of overlap within both structural and functional connectivity abnormalities in ASD children compared with TD, implicated that this subregion of the precuneus was a key node in ASD brain network during childhood. |
| 4638 | Detecting and characterizing abnormal brain lateralization using quantitative MRI in clinical practice | |
| Gian Franco Piredda1,2,3, Baptiste Morel4,5, Maximilien Perivier4,5, Clovis Tauber4, Jean Philippe Cottier4, Jean-Philippe Thiran2,3, Bénédicte Maréchal1,2,3, Tom Hilbert1,2,3, and Tobias Kober1,2,3 | ||
1Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 3LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 4UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France, 5Pediatric Radiology Department, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU of Tours, Tours, France |
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The right-left lateralization of cognitive abilities in the human brain is reflected in hemispheric asymmetries. Since abnormal deviations of these asymmetries were linked to neurological disorders, establishing reference norms of hemispheric lateralization has clinical relevance. To this end, the normal evolution of brain asymmetries during development was modelled in a cohort of healthy young subjects. Normative ranges for brain asymmetries in volumes and T1 were established using a linear model while accounting for sex differences and age. Initial results in data of epileptic patients demonstrate the potential of the established norms for detecting abnormal brain lateralization on a single-subject basis. |
| 4639 | Less Integrated and Less Efficient Structural Brain Networks in Children Treated for ALL | |
| Wilburn E Reddick1, John O Glass1, Ruitian O Song1, Ching-Hon Pui2, and Sima Jeha2 | ||
1Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States, 2Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States |
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This study assessed whole-brain structural connectomes in 252 children treated for ALL during early phase of treatment and at end of therapy relative to 89 normal healthy age-similar controls. Both small worldness index and clustering coefficient were significantly lower in patients early and late in therapy relative to the controls but did not change during therapy. However, both characteristic path length and local efficiency significantly decreased during therapy. Decreased network integration and less efficient information transfer in patients treated for ALL is likely to result in decreased performance on neurocognitive testing by end of therapy. |
| 4640
|
Structural and Functional changes in ventral and dorsal stream during phonological and haptic language in early and late blind | |
| A Ankeeta1, s Senthil Kumaran1, and Rohit Saxena2 | ||
1NMR and MRI facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 2RP centre, Opthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India |
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Anatomical and functional MRI data for Braille and phonological noun pair assessment test was acquired in 40 early blind (EB), forty late blind (LB) subjects and thirty sighted controls (SC) in two age groups 6-12 years and 13-19 years (all right-handed). Visual impairment induces structural and functional modification in the visual cortex. Late blind subjects exhibited differences in the V1 13-19 years age range, but not in the 6-12 years age group. Duration of blindness and education influence the extent of plasticity of the V1 and language network. |
| 4641 | Alterations in brain functional connectivity in pediatric migraine | |
| Tiffany Bell1,2,3, Akashroop Khaira1,2,3, Mahak Sandhu1,2,3, Megan Webb1,2,3, Melanie Noel3,4, Farnaz Amoozegar2,5, and Ashley D Harris1,2,3 | ||
1Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, 3Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, 4Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 5Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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Though migraine is a common childhood disease, there has been relatively little investigation into migraine in children. Here we use resting-state functional connectivity analyses to investigate functional alterations in brain activity in children with migraine. In agreement with the adult literature, we show altered resting-state connectivity in children with migraine compared to healthy controls in areas related to sensory processing. |
| 4642 | Linked signatures of brain structure and microstructure at preschool age predict reading readiness in early childhood | |
| Jess E Reynolds1,2,3, Kathryn Y Manning1,2,3, Dmitrii Paniukov1,2,3,4, Deborah Dewey2,3,4,5, and Catherine Lebel1,2,3 | ||
1Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2Owerko Centre, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 3Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 4Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 5Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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We aimed to identify whether variations in grey and white matter brain structure during early childhood predict future pre-reading skills. We examined anatomical (T1-weighted) and diffusion tensor (DTI) images from 35 children at 3.5years(±3months). Children were assessed for their pre-reading abilities using NEPSY-II subtests one year later (4.5years±3months). A data-driven linked independent component analysis was used to identify components of DTI and morphometry measures with shared variability across subjects that related to pre-reading ability approximately a year later. Our results suggest the co-development of grey and white matter brain structures in early life predicts future pre-reading capabilities in preschool children. |
| 4643 | Greater reduction in functional connectivity strength in term neonates with congenital heart disease born earlier in gestation | |
| Vincent Jerome Schmithorst1, Cecilia Lo2, Philip Adams2, Jodie Votava-Smith3, and Ashok Panigrahy1 | ||
1Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 2University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 3Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Functional connectivity strength (FCS) differences are investigated in term neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) as compared to normal controls. In CHD neonates, FCS is reduced in default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN) regions. However, widespread positive post-conceptional age (PCA) at birth – X – CHD interactions were found, indicating this effect is more pronounced for CHD neonates born earlier in gestation, and that prolonged in utero exposure may be beneficial for development of brain functional connectivity. Negative correlations of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) and FCS were also found, suggesting a partly vascular etiology. |
| 4644 | Altered brain activation during cognitive control in children with enuresis | |
| Mengxing Wang1, Xiangyu Zheng2, Yue Liu1, Jun Ma*2,3, and Xiaoxia Du*4 | ||
1College of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Science, Shanghai, China, 2Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 3MOE‑Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 4Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China |
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This study was to investigate the potential disturbance in cognitive control in enuretic children using functional MRI. Two groups including enuretic and healthy children were scanned during a color-word Stroop task to evaluate their task performance and neural response. Compared to the healthy subjects, the children with enuresis showed stronger Stroop effect and increased activation for the incongruent > congruent condition contrast in the anterior cingulate and the precentral/postcentral gyri. Our results suggested that the enuretic children showed altered neural responses to conflict events and tended to compensate by greater activation to sustain normal cognitive control. |
| 4645 | Fibers and Neuroanatomy in the Left Hemisphere Are More Associated with Neonatal Death and 2-Year Outcome after Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy | |
| Yanan Song1,2, Sara V. Bates3,4, Rebecca J. Weiss3,4, Randy L. Gollub4,5, Sheng He1,4, Camilo Jaimes4,6, Susan Sotardi4,7, Yue Zhang1,4, Tonghua Liu2, P. Ellen Grant1,4,6, and Yangming Ou1,4,6 | ||
1Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging Data Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, 3Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 4Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 5Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 6Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 7Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States |
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Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy affects ~5/1000 neonates and causes neonatal death and 2-year disability. Using neonatal MRI to predict neonatal and 2-year outcomes remains a key open question. However, expert scoring of neonatal MRI, the current norm, only focuses on a few key brain regions based on subjective clinical experience. We objectively and comprehensively examined the associations with neonatal and 2-year outcomes throughout the brain. Our new findings – many voxels, subregions and fibers that are not considered in expert scoring systems, with a left hemisphere dominance, were associated with outcomes – provide new knowledge for future individualized outcome prediction. |
| 4646 | The ratio of T1 and T2 signals of MRI improves the diagnostic value of early hyperbilirubinemia brain damage in neonates | |
| Jinhong Yu1, Yanwei Miao1, Lizhi Xie2, Bingbing Gao1, Yu Bing1, Li Yang1, and Ailian Liu1 | ||
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, 2GE Healthcare, Beijing, China |
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Exposure to high levels of bilirubin can cause severe motor symptoms and cerebral palsy. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic value for early brain damage caused by hyperbilirubinemia (HB) in neonates using T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). |
| 4647 | Age-related changes of the extracerebral space in normal infants observed with 3D T2 MR images | |
| Wang Xiaohu1, Ren huipeng1, Fan qing1, Wei Xiaocheng2, and Ren Zhuanqin1 | ||
1Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China |
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External hydrocephalus (EH) can cause poor prognosis, but there is no consensus exists on diagnostic criteria for pathological EH in infants and young children. In this study, we measured extracerebral space of 212 healthy subjects on different anatomical slices and their age correlation were analyzed. The results demonstrated that extra cerebral space measured at different position on axial plane features similar age-related changes. The results of this study may be a valuable reference in diagnosis of external hydrocephalus. |
| 4648 | Morphometric Similarity Better Predicts Later Cognition in Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury than Single Structural Features | |
| Daniel J. King1, Stefano Seri1,2, Cathy Catroppa3,4, Vicki A. Anderson3,4, and Amanda G. Wood1,5 | ||
1School of Life and Health Sciences & Aston Neuroscience Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 3Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia, 4Department of Psychology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, 5School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia |
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Neuroanatomical correlates of long-term cognitive impairment after a paediatric traumatic brain injury are not established. Acutely acquired T1w MPRAGE MRI scans were used to calculate morphometric similarity between cortical areas. A supervised learning approach showed that, after cross-validation, morphometric similarity explained 12% variance in cognitive functioning two-years post-injury, beyond that of individual structural features. Thus, morphometric similarity is a useful approach to understand the diffuse effects of neurological insult on the still-developing brain and how this may predict later neuropsychological functioning. |
| 4649 | Application of radiomics for predicting poor psychomotor outcome in preterm neonates using brain MRI | |
| You Won Shin1, Taehoon Shin1, Yoon Ho Nam2,3, and Hyun Gi Kim2 | ||
1Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Department of Radiology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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To predict poor psychomotor development in preterm neonates who underwent MRI at term-equivalent age, we implemented radiomics feature analysis of white matter on T1-and T2-weighted images. A total 1920 features were derived, and optimal number of features were selected. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the diagnostic abilities of the radiomics analysis were 0.657, 0.814, and 0.690, using T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, and both T1- and T2-weighted images, respectively. In conclusion, radiomics for term-equivalent age brain MRI can be useful for predicting poor psychomotor outcome in preterm neonates. |
| 4650 | Grey matter hypertrophy and atrophy in early-blind adolescents: a surface-based morphometric study | |
| Zhifeng Zhou1, Xia Liu2, Long Qian3, Yang Fan4, Hai Li4, Gangqiang Hou2, Wentao Jiang2, and Hengguo Li5 | ||
1Radiology, Shenzhen Mental Health Center/Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China, 2Shenzhen Mental Health Center/Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China, 3GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, 4Beijing Intelligent Brain Cloud, Inc, Beijing, China, 5The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China |
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Numerous studies have explored brain structural abnormalities in blind people. However, most of them were based on volumetric measures, using voxel-based morphology, or in a specific region of interest, which may conceal fine anatomic details in other features. This study investigated alterations in cortical morphologies (thickness, volume and surface area) in early-blind adolescents (EBAs) using a surface-based morphometric method. Our results showed that there was disuse atrophy, compensatory and experience-related neural plasticity in the cerebral cortex of EBAs due to the visual deprivation. |
| 4651
|
Spatiotemporal patterns of sulcal pits in the fetal brain | |
| HyukJin Yun1, Lana Vasung1, Tomo Tarui2, Caitlin K. Rollins3, Cynthia M. Ortinau4, P. Ellen Grant1, and Kiho Im1 | ||
1Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Pediatric Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States, 3Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 4Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States |
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Sulcal pits is known to represent the first cortical folds emerging in early fetal life. However, little is known about sulcal pits in the fetal brain. Since fetal brain showed dynamic changes of cortical folding during the second half of gestation, it is necessary to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of sulcal pits in the fetal brain. We analyzed spatial distribution and quantified emergence timing of pits using 48 typically developing fetuses. Sulcal pits were uniformly distributed in the fetal brain, and their timing of emergence are regionally different. It demonstrates sulcal pits are important landmarks of human brain development. |
| 4652 | Parcellation of the neonatal cortex using Surface-based Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain atlases (M-CRIB-S) | |
| Christopher Leslie Adamson1, Bonnie Alexander1, Gareth Ball1, Richard Beare1,2, Jeanie Chong3,4,5, Alicia Spittle1,4,5, Lex Doyle1,4,5, Peter Anderson1,5,6, Marc Seal1,5, and Deanne Thompson1,5 | ||
1Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia, 2Department of Medicine, Monash Unviersity, Melbourne, Australia, 3Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia, 4Royal Womens Hospital, Parkville, Australia, 5University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 6Monash Unviersity, Clayton, Australia |
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Longitudinal studies measuring changes in cortical morphology over time are best facilitated by parcellation schemes compatible across all life stages. The Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain (M-CRIB) and M-CRIB 2.0 atlases provide voxel-based parcellations of the cerebral cortex compatible with the Desikan-Killiany (DK) and the Desikan-Killiany-Tourville (DKT) cortical labelling schemes. The curvature template registration targets, average surfaces, labelling training data, and pipeline execution scripts are available at (https://www.github.com/DevelopmentalImagingMCRI/MCRIBS). |
| 4653 | Brain region scaling differences between children and adults | |
| Huangyuan Chen1 and Qing Cai1,2 | ||
1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, 2NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China |
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Individual brain size can vary as much as 1.5-fold. Furthermore, brain regions might not expand linearly proportional relative to total brain size. Scaling is a measure of such expansion. However, only few studies have investigated the differences in scaling pattern between childhood and adulthood. Here we analyzed structural T1 weighted images from children and adults datasets. We found that nonlinear scaling regions are more widely distributed in adults than in children. Therefore, we propose that individual brain regional growth might be influenced by “initial” brain size. |
| 4654 | Characterization of cortical abnormalities in adolescents with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder | |
| Xinyue Hu1, Ruohan Feng2, Lianqing Zhang1, Yang Li3, Xinyu Hu1, Shi Tang1, Yingxue Gao1, Lihua Zhuo2, Guoping Huang3, and Xiaoqi Huang1 | ||
1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China, Chengdu, China, 2Department of Radiology, the third hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China, Mianyang, China, 3Department of Psychiatry, the third hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China, Mianyang, China |
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The detailed information about neuroanatomical alterations in adolescents with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder (MDD) is still unknown. We measured cortical thickness, surface area and volume in 35 MDD patients and 22 healthy controls (HC). The MDD group, compared to HCs, showed reduction in cortical volume of the right precentral gyrus. We also found that MDD severity significantly correlated with cortical abnormalities in a number of regions, primarily in frontal and parietal lobes. These regions are implicated in emotion processing whose abnormities will contribute to the affective and cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with MDD. |
| 4655 | Sex Differences across Brain Regions in Neonates | |
| Jianliang Gao1, Ahmed Fetit1, John Cupitt1, Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach1, Amir M Y F M Alansary1, Antonios Makropoulos1, Emma Robinson2, Sean Fitzgibbon3, Matteo Bastiani3,4, Nickolas Harper2, Lucilio Cordero Grande2, Anthony N Price2, Eugene Duff3, Steve Smith3, Joseph V Hajnal2, David Edwards2, and Daniel Rueckert1 | ||
1BioMedIA, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 4Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom |
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We present for the first time a large cohort of neonatal brain MR images were acquired. Based on 505 subjects' MRI brain imaging data were acquired as part of the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) , we investigated the differences of 92 brain regions and brain volume without and with normalization of the volumes. Using multivariate analysis and adaptive step-down false discovery rate (FDR) control methods to examine term born neonates, we found 90 out of 92 regions and the brain volume statistically significant between sexes. But selected data normalization methods also suggested less statistical significance in neonatal brain regions. |
| 4656 | The Signal Intensity of Anterior and Posterior Lobe of Pituitary and Thyroid Gland in Preterm and Term Infants | |
| Sayo Otani1, Yasutaka Fushimi1, Satoshi Nakajima1, Yusuke Yokota1, Sonoko Oshima1, Azusa Sakurama1, Krishna Pandu Wicaksono1, Tomohisa Okada2, and Kaori Togashi1 | ||
1Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, 2Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan |
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We have evaluated the signal and the volume of anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary and thyroid gland in preterm and term infants on MRI by using 3D T1-PETRA sequence. Our study showed that the intensity of anterior pituitary was positively correlated with gestational age (GA), negatively correlated with chronological age (CA). We showed the intensity of posterior pituitary was also positively correlated with GA, negatively correlated with CA. We also demonstrated that the intensity of thyroid was positively correlated with GA, negatively correlated with CA. Our results may have relation to the maturity of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. |
| 4657 | Infant Diets, Brain Cortical Development, and Executive Functions in Children | |
| Ting Li1,2, Thomas M Badger3, Betty Jayne Bellando3, Seth Sorensen3, and Xiawei Ou1,3,4 | ||
1Arkansas Children's Research Institute, LITTLE ROCK, AR, United States, 2University of Arkansas at Little Rock, LITTLE ROCK, AR, United States, 3University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, LITTLE ROCK, AR, United States, 4Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, LITTLE ROCK, AR, United States |
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While it is known that breastfeeding promotes healthy brain development in children, the comparative effects of formulas feeding substantially differing in composition (i.e., milk-based vs. soy-based) on brain development are unclear. In this study, we recruited healthy 8-year-old children who were predominately breastfed, cow’s milk formula fed, or soy-based formula fed during infancy, and evaluated their brain cortical development using MRI. We also assessed their executive functions using parental-reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) assessment. Differences in cortical thickness in multiple brain regions and differences in BRIEF scores were both observed for children in different infant diet groups. |
| 4658 | The Morphological Development of Hand Knob Areas in Children Aged 6m to 10 years | |
| Fan Wu1, Xianjun Li1, Yuli Zhang1, Miaomiao Wang1, Congcong Liu1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Chao Jin1, Mengxuan Li1, Cong Tian1, Peiyao Chen1, Xiaocheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Xi'an, China |
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The cortical representation of hand motor function, hand knob region, is localized in the precentral gyrus. We found that the age-related rapid development of hand knob areas peaks at 4-5 years, and the left side increases faster than right. And the different increase rate between the left and right hand knob regions of normal children may be related to dominant hemisphere of handedness. This study will help to understand the process of hand function development in children and provide the research basis for the study of the upper limb pathway of the nerve center. |
| 4659 | Tailored rehabilitation in developmental dyslexia based on neurobiological model | |
| Sunita Gudwani1,2, S.Senthil Kumaran3, Rajesh Sagar4, Madhuri Behari5, Manju Mehta6, Vaishna Narang7, SN Dwivedi8, and NR Jagannathan3 | ||
1Department of ENT, Escorts Heart Institute and Research Center, New Delhi, India, 2Former Department of NMR and MRI Facility, Former ALL INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, NEW DELHI, India, 3Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 4Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 5Department of Neurology, Fortis Hospital, New Delhi, India, 6Department of Psychiatry (Psychology Unit), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 7Department of Linguistics, School of Language, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 8Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India |
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Reading a cultural invention by human species is complex cognitive skill. The ventral regions contribute as integrating bottom-up (feed-forward) generic visual processing with top-down influences from phonological and semantic areas. Developmental dyslexia a neurodevelopmental disorder, despite its description since century ago is yet unclear. The heterogeneous deficits, persists and may have emotional-socio-economic consequences. The study shows that if domain specific remediation, tailored according to subject’s neurobiological positive and negative signs along with behavioral measures, it benefits the individuals. Post-training improvement in behavioral performance and reorganizations in neural processing towards normalization, rather than compensatory regions attributed to optimal outcome |
| 4660 | Hemispheric asymmetry of brain motor-related white matter：a diffusion kurtosis imaging study | |
| Yuli Zhang1, Xianjun Li1, Mengxuan Li1, Chao Jin1, Miaomiao Wang1, Qinli Sun1, Fan Wu1, Congcong Liu1, Yannan Chen1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Huifang Zhao1, Cong Tian1, Peiyao Chen1, Xiaocheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, 22. MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Xi'an, China, China |
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Motor function development is a necessary condition for later life. It is closely related to cognitive psychological development1. As an important white matter reflecting the motor function, clarify the asymmetry of corticospinal tract (CST) development, which is of great significance for revealing the developmental of behavior and exploring the mechanism of disease2. This study aims to use DKI parameters investigate the asymmetry of CST development. Our results suggest that from 0-13 years old, there is hemispheric asymmetry in the development of CST, and they show left-sided dominance ;the asymmetry of CST appears at 6 months. |
| 4661 | Low Frequency Fluctuations in White Matter of Perinatally HIV-Infected Adult Youths: Glial Cycling for Neuroplasticity and Repair? | |
| Manoj Kumar Sarma1, Amrita Pal2, Margaret A. Keller3,4, Tamara Welikson5, Joseph Ventura6, David E. Michalik7, Karin Nielsen-Saines8, Jaime Deville8, Andrea Kovacs9, Eva Operskalski9, Joseph A. Church9,10, Irwin Walot11, Paul M. Macey2, Bharat Biswal12, and M. Albert Thomas1 | ||
1Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2UCLA School of Nursing, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States, 4The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States, 5Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 6Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 7Infectious Diseases-Pediatrics, Miller Children’s Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States, 8Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 9Pediatric, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 10Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 11Radiology, Los Angeles County Harbor- UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States, 12Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States |
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We evaluated the functional brain activity in perinatally HIV-infected youth (PHIVY) on cART by quantifying the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and correlated with clinical and cognitive measures. We observed higher neural activity for ALFF in PHIVY compared to control. ALFF values in the cerebral white matter were positively correlated with viral load. Higher neural activity was associated with poorer performance in psychomotor function, abstract thinking, and social cognition. The findings suggest that long-term consequence of higher neuroinflammation and associated neurorepair in PHIVY may have a significant impact on regional spontaneous neuronal firing consequently impacting neurodevelopment and cognitive functioning. |
| 4662 | Left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus is key anatomical location of cognitive delay in preterm infants with mild white matter injury | |
| Miaomiao Wang1, Xianjun Li1, Congcong Liu1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Yannan Cheng1, Huifang Zhao1, Xingxing Tao1, Fan Wu1, Yuli Zhang1, Mengxuan Li1, Cong Tian1, Peiyao Chen1, Chao Jin1, XiaoCheng Wei2, and Jian Yang3 | ||
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, 3Department of Diagnostic Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China |
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Punctate white matter lesions (PWMLs) are common in the preterm. The mild PWMLs may result in cognitive impairments and lesion location is closely associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Accurate assessment of lesions location on qualitative MRI is difficult; therefore, this study aims to investigate the lesion-symptom relationship between locations of mild PWMLs and cognitive functioning in preterm infants at a corrected age of 3-6 months by diffusion tensor imaging. Lesion volume on IFOF_L is significantly larger in the cognitive delayed group than those in the normal group, and this is an independent factor (OR: 1.26) associated with the adverse cognitive development. |
| 4663 | Peak width of skeletonized water diffusion MRI in the neonatal brain | |
| Manuel Blesa Cabez1, Paola Galdi1, Gemma Sullivan1, Emily N. Wheater1, David Q. Stoye1, Gillian J. Lamb1, Alan J Quigley2, Michael J. Thrippleton1, Mark E Bastin1, and James P Boardman1 | ||
1University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom |
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Preterm birth is closely associated with cognitive impairment and generalised dysconnectivity of developing white matter. Peak width of skeletonised DTI (MD, RD, AD, FA) and NODDI (NDI, ODI) metrics were used for characterising global connectivity during brain development. PSNDI was an excellent predictor for prematurity with an accuracy of 81 ± 10 %, followed by PSMD that achieved an accuracy of 77 ± 9 %. We conclude that the high accuracy in prediction and the ease of computation of these biomarkers make them useful new metrics of diffuse brain connectivity in neonatal populations. |
| 4664
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Mahalanobis Distance Tractometry (MaD-Tract) for Multivariate Analyses | |
| Jose Manuel Guerrero-Gonzalez1, Peter Ferrazzano2, and Andrew Alexander1 | ||
1Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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We present a multi-parameter tract profiling approach which allows for comparing diffusion imaging quantities between a single subject and a reference group along specific white matter path ways using the Mahalanobis distance (MaD). Implementation of MaD-Tract on a pediatric TBI-affected brain revealed several deviant tract segments in terms of elevated MaD values along multiple tracts compared to a group of healthy individuals. |
| 4665 | Early developmental differences of white matter tracts in preterm infants with brain injury | |
| Tao Guo1, Dawn Gano2, Donna Ferriero2, James barkovich1, and Duan Xu1 | ||
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States |
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We detected early developmental differences of white matter tracts in preterm infants with brain injury (BI). Nineteen preterm infants underwent two MRI scans. Microstructural development was analyzed combining conventional diffusion parameters and advanced NODDI parameters . We found BI preterm infants showed higher ODI in internal capsule, which was positively correlated with brain injuries severity; during the longitudinal period, most of the tracts in non-injured preterm infants had increased FA and Vic, decreased MD and ODI, while in BI preterm infants, only a few tracts developed. This study indicated white matter development was different in preterm infants with and without BI. |
| 4666 | Unveiling early cortical and white-matter maturation and the effect of music in preterm brain development: a longitudinal fixel-based analysis | |
| Joana S. de Almeida1, Lara Lordier1, Sebastien Courvoisier2, François Lazeyras2, and Petra Hüppi1 | ||
1Department of Women-Children-Teenagers, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland, 2Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, CIBM, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland |
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Dynamic brain macrostructural and microstructural changes occur from mid-fetal stage to birth. Prematurity disrupts brain maturation during this critical period and music might enhance activity-dependent-plasticity during early brain development. Using a longitudinal fixel-based analysis, we evaluated preterm brain macro and microscopic fiber changes from 33 weeks to term-age and the impact of music, during neonatal unit stay, on these changes. We show that fiber density (FD) and fiber-bundle cross-section (FC) increase in all major white-matter fibers over time, while in the cortex FD decreases and FC increases. Music intervention lead to a significant cortical FC increase in comparison to standard-of-care. |
| 4667 | Relationships between myelin development and neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm and typically developing children | |
| Deanne K Thompson1,2,3,4, Joseph YM Yang2,3,5,6, Jian Chen2, Claire E Kelly1,2, Chris L Adamson2, Bonnie Alexander1,2, Lillian G Matthews7, Katherine J Lee1,3,8, Rod W Hunt1,3,9, Jeanie LY Cheong1,10,11, Megan Spencer-Smith1,12, Marc L Seal2,3, Terrie E Inder1,7, Lex W Doyle1,3,10,11, and Peter J Anderson1,12 | ||
1Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia, 2Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia, 3Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 4Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia, 5Neuroscience Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia, 6Department of Neurosurgery, the Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Australia, 7Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 8Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia, 9Neonatal Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Australia, 10Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia, 11Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, 12Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia |
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Children born very preterm have altered myelination compared with full-term controls, but whether the T1-T2 ratio is a sensitive measure for understanding neurodevelopmental functioning remains unknown. This study found that the T1-T2 ratio trajectory between 7 and 13 years of age in the uncinate fasciculus was related to IQ scores, and 13-year T1-T2 ratios in almost all white matter regions were associated with motor functioning in both birth groups. Myelin development assessed using the T1-T2 ratio appears to be sensitive to predicting some neurodevelopmental outcomes. |
| 4668 | Fixel-based analysis of white matter differences between patients with cerebral palsy and typically developing children | |
| Chih-Chien Tsai1, Chia-Ling Chen2,3, Yao-Liang Chen4, Jur-Shan Cheng5, Sung-han Lin6, and Jiun-Jie Wang1,6,7 | ||
1Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang-Gung University, TaoYuan, Taiwan, 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, TaoYuan, Taiwan, 3Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, TaoYuan, Taiwan, 4Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan, 5Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang-Gung University, TaoYuan, Taiwan, 6Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, TaoYuan, Taiwan, 7Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, TaoYuan, Taiwan |
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Disruption to white matter pathways is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy but fail to delineate white matter tracts with lesions precisely with conventional magnetic resonance imaging. Fixel-based analysis, which has recently emerged as a useful fiber-specific tool for examining white matter structure, was used in this study. Reductions of fixel-based metrics in patients with cerebral palsy are represented in the corpus callosum, superior/posterior thalamic radiation, optic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulum with corresponding direction of fiber tract. By using fixel-based analysis, this study described the white matter differences during development in patients with cerebral palsy. |
| 4669 | Age-specific DTI templates for human brain from 28 days to children | |
| Mengxuan Li1, Xianjun Li1, Yuli zhang1, Miaomiao Wang1, Chao Jin1, Congcong Liu1, Yannan Cheng1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Huifang Zhao1, Fan Wu1, Cong Tian1, Peiyao Chen1, Xiaocheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, Xi'an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Bei Jing, China |
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The human brain develops rapidly from 28 days to children,there are distinct developmental trends at different ages.This period is important and difficult to acquire the images because of motion artifacts.Diffusion Tensor Imaging(DTI)was used to study brain structure.When analyzing DTI images of different individuals,a common standard space is needed to ensure the tissue diffusion information used for different individual images corresponds to the same spatial location.To understand how the human brain develops between 28 days and children,it is essential to make age-specific DTI templates for human brain.We built DTI templates for human brain of six periods from 28 days to children. |
| 4670 | How does Microstructural in lntra-axonal and Extra-axonl Space Change in Preterm Infants with Punctate White Matter Lesions? | |
| Mengxuan Li1, Xianjun Li1, Yuli zhang1, Miaomiao Wang1, Yannan Cheng1, Congcong Liu1, Chao Jin1, Fan Wu1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Huifang Zhao1, Cong Tian1, Peiyao Chen1, Xiaocheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, Xi'an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Bei Jing, China |
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Punctate white matter lesions (PWML)are common in preterm infants.Extensive microstructural changes were observed previously for different PWML grades by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).However, the changes of intra-axon and extra-axon remain to be investigated. White matter tract integrity (WMTI)metrics derived from diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)provide information of intra-axonal or extra-axonal spaces. Our study aimed to use WMTI metrics to detect the Microstructural Variations.Compared to DTI metrics, the change trends of fractional anisotropy (FA),axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD)are in agreement with previous findings.Furthermore, intra-axonal diffusivity (Da)unchange or reduce in lntra-axonal space.There were increased RDe, reduced/unchanged ADe in extra-axonal space. |
| 4671 | Maternal Anxiety and Depression during Pregnancy and Newborn’s Brain White Matter Development | |
| Rachel M Graham1, Betty Jayne Bellando1, Seth Sorensen1, Li Jiang2, Charles M Glasier1, Raghu H Ramakrishnaiah1, Fang Lu1, Amy C Rowell1, and Xiawei Ou1,2,3 | ||
1University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, LITTLE ROCK, AR, United States, 2Arkansas Children's Research Institute, LITTLE ROCK, AR, United States, 3Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, LITTLE ROCK, AR, United States |
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This prospective study examined the relationships between maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy and newborn’s brain white matter development. Healthy pregnant women were recruited at the 3rd trimester. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II), and anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI). Their newborns underwent an MRI examination of the brain at 2 weeks of age, which included diffusion tensor imaging to evaluate white matter development. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were generated and correlated with the BDI and STAI scores using tract-based spatial statistics. Negative correlations between FA values and BDI/STAI scores were found in multiple white matter regions, suggesting that depression and anxiety during pregnancy may impact the in utero brain white matter development. |
| 4672 | Magnitude and timing of major white matter along-tract maturation with NODDI | |
| Kirsten M Lynch1, Ryan P Cabeen2, Kristi A Clark2, and Arthur W Toga2 | ||
1Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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White matter maturation is a heterogeneous phenomenon that can be probed by biophysical models. The purpose of this study was to characterize the development of white matter tracts with NODDI from infancy through adolescence. To probe the regional nature of white matter development, we use an along-tract approach to enable more fine-grained analysis. White matter tracts showed exponential age-related changes in NDI with spatially distinct maturational patterns. Our along-tract analyses elucidate hemispheric asymmetries within tracts which may be reflective of their functional specialization. Together, these results help to disentangle the processes that define the trajectory of white matter maturation. |
| 4673 | Early Changes in Diffusion Tensor Metrics between Different Final Damage Outcomes after Experimental Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemia | |
| Yu-Chieh Jill Kao1,2,3, Chia-Feng Lu4, Bao-Yu Hsieh5, Chao-Ching Huang6, and Cheng-Yu Chen1,2,3,7 | ||
1Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, 3Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 4Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, 5Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 6Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, 7Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan |
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Changes in diffusion tensor metrics within 6 h after hypoxic ischemia (HI) in different brain regions in neonatal rats is associated with the final lesion severity after hypoxic ischemia. We also demonstrated that the early changes within 6 h after HI may also correlate to the alteration in ultra-structure in the neurons and axons following the injury. |
| 4674 | Fixel-based analysis reveals white matter changes following balance training in young brain injured patients: A longitudinal study | |
| Xiaoyun Liang1,2, Chun-Hung Yeh2, Juan F Domínguez D1, Govinda Poudel1, and Karen Caeyenberghs1 | ||
1Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia, 2Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia |
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in children and adolescents. Young TBI patients suffer from gross motor deficits, such as postural control deficits, which can severely compromise their daily life activities. Training programs have shown behavioral improvement; evidence of changes in WM morphology, however, has not been clear. We employ a fixel-based analysis (FBA) to investigate whether balance training results in significant changes of WM organization across whole brain in young TBI patients over time. Our results have shown that balance training induced signigicant macrostructural white matter changes (i.e. log-FC & FDC). |
| 4675 | Spatiotemporal changes of optic radiation from 3-13 years: a diffusion tensor imaging study | |
| Cong Tian1, Chao Jin1, Xingxing Tao1, Xianjun Li1, Miaomiao Wang1, Congcong Liu1, Yannan Cheng1, Fan Wu1, Yuli Zhang1, Mengxuan Li1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Peiyao Chen1, Huifang Zhao1, Xiaocheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Xi’an, China |
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Optic radiations(OR), which connecting the lateral geniculate nuclei and visual cortex, plays a critical role in visual function. Detailing the maturation process of OR is helpful in understanding the visual development and identifying the abnormalities. Diffusion tensor imaging can quantify the brain white matter development. Using DTI-based automating fiber-tract quantification, this study explored the spatiotemporal OR changes in children aged 3-13 years. Results indicated that the anterior, middle, and posterior segments of OR showed asynchronous developmental patterns. Specifically, the mid-segment of OR presented more mature than the anterior segment, while right OR showed more extended mature than left OR. |
| 4676 | 1H MRS of brain metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in a neonatal pig model | |
| Daniel Spielman1, Meng Gu1, Ralph Hurd1, Kirk Riemer2, Hiroki Ito2, and Frank Hanley2 | ||
1Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Although cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in the neonate carriers significant risk for long-term neuronal deficits, details of brain metabolism during varying flow conditions for CPB, such as deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) versus antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP), remain incompletely understood. Metabolic changes in the brain have been observed under different CPB conditions, but which are truly causative of neurotoxicity and injury remains unclear. In this preliminary preclinical study, brain metabolism, as assessed using 1H MRS, during DHCA is active and abnormal, resulting in a buildup of lactate and loss of energy substrates. ACP may prevent these abnormalities. |
| 4677 | Intranasal insulin administration in a rat model of neonatal hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia | |
| Ivan Tkac1, Kathleen Ennis2, William H Frey II3, and Raghavendra Rao2 | ||
1Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 3Center for Memory & Aging, HealthPartners Institute, St Paul, MN, United States |
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Hyperglycemia (HG) is common in the neonatal period in extremely low gestational age infants. The purpose of this study was to investigate acute and long-term effects of intranasal insulin administration on hippocampal neurochemical profile in a rat model of human perinatal HG. Hypoinsulinemic HG was induced in neonatal rats by injecting streptozotocin on postnatal day P2. Hippocampal neurochemical profiles were assessed at P7 and P56. Preliminary in vivo 1H MRS data demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of intranasal insulin administration for normalizing neurochemical homeostasis in the hippocampus exposed to transient hypoinsulinemic HG in the neonatal period. |
| 4678 | Quantification of brain glycine in an infant with nonketotic hyperglycemia: a serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study | |
| Moyoko Tomiyasu1,2, Jun Shibasaki3, Yasuhiro Kawai4, Tatsuya Higashi1, Takayuki Obata1, and Noriko Aida1,2 | ||
1Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan, 2Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan, 3Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan, 4Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan |
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We serially examined in vivo brain glycine levels in an infant with nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) using single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with different point-resolved spectroscopic localization sequence echo times (TEs). The time-course changes of brain glycine obtained with TEs of 60 and 270 ms corresponded with glycine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and with the clinical condition of the infant. By appropriately combing a pulse sequence and acquisition parameters, proton MRS can evaluate brain glycine levels to help diagnose NKH. |
| 4679 | Pediatric acute mTBI study of GABA concentration in posterior cingulate cortex | |
| Andrei Manzhurtsev1,2, Maxim Ublinskiy1,3, Petr Menshchikov1, Alexey Yakovlev2,4, Olga Bozhko3, Tolib Akhadov3, and Natalia Semenova1,3,4 | ||
1Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russian Federation, 3Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation, 4Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation |
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This is the first measurement of pure GABA concentration in the PCC of children with mild TBI in the acute phase. MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence was used in order to obtain GABA signal not contaminated by macromolecules. The result obtained disagrees with the previous study, where [GABA] was increased in the anterior cingulate cortex of children with mTBI when comparing to healthy controls. The findings may signify that ACC is more sensitive to mTBI than PCC. |
| 4680
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Comparison of adipocyte size measurements with histology and high b-value diffusion-weighted spectroscopy in human white adipose tissue at 3 T | |
| Dominik Weidlich1, Julius Honecker2, Stefan Ruschke1, Lisa Patzelt1, Cora Held1, MingMing Wu1, Daniela Franz1, Stefanie Winkler2, Hans Hauner2, and Dimitrios C. Karampinos1 | ||
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, 2Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany |
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Despite its high relevance in metabolic research, the non-invasive measurement of adipocyte size remains an unmet need. DW-MRS has been previously applied to probe diffusion restriction effects in-vivo to measure lipid droplets in animals up to diameters of 10 µm and in humans up to diameters of 50 µm. However, probing diffusion restriction in white adipose tissue, consisting of adipocytes up to a size of 150 µm, on a clinical system remains a major challenge. This work proposes to measure adipocyte sizes with high b-value long diffusion time DW-MRS. In a preliminary analysis, the presented method matches with histology. |
| 4681 | Characterization of brain metabolite changes in early childhood | |
| Ashley D Harris1,2, Tiffany Bell1,2, Mercedes Bagshawe1,2, Elodie Boudes1,2, and Catherine Lebel1,2 | ||
1Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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Using proton MRS, we examine longitudinal changes in tNAA, tCr, tCho, Ins and Glx in early childhood in a typically developing children ages 2.4-9.3 years. We show NAA increases in the anterior cingulate across both sexes while age-relate changes in NAA in the left angular gyrus are only seen in boys. In the anterior cingulate tCr in girls increases and tCho decreases in boys. By contrast in the left angular gyrus tCr increases in boys and tCho decreases in girls. These different metabolite trajectories in different brain regions may be associated with different development seen between boys and girls. |
| 4682 | Characterization of Gray and White Matter Myelination Across Adolescence Using Macromolecular Proton Fraction Mapping | |
| Neva M. Corrigan1, Vasily L. Yarnykh2, Daniel S. Hippe2, Julia P. Owen2, Christina Zhao1, and Patricia K. Kuhl1 | ||
1Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, 2Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States |
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Although previous studies have investigated brain structural changes across adolescent development, little attention has been paid to the myelination that occurs in the gray matter during this period. We utilized macromolecular proton fraction mapping to investigate myelination of gray and white matter in a cross-sectional sample of 146 adolescents at 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 years of age. Throughout most of the brain, gray matter myelin density was found to increase at a faster rate with age than white matter myelin density. Our findings suggest that gray matter myelination is a significant component of brain maturation during adolescent development. |
| 4683 | Differentiation of Low- and High-Grade Pediatric Brain Tumors with Amide Proton Transfer Imaging | |
| Xingwang Yong1, Hongxi Zhang2, Zhipeng Shen3, Xinchun Chen2, Weibo Chen4, Dan Wu1, and Yi Zhang1 | ||
1Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 2Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 3Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 4Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China |
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Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging was applied to the grading of pediatric brain tumors for the first time with its performance evaluated by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Ninety-two patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 48 cases were high-grade tumors and 44 cases were low-grade tumors. An experienced radiologist delineated the initial ROIs, which were then automatically masked and shrunk to avoid artifacts and subjective bias. APT MRI was able to differentiate low-grade pediatric brain tumors from high-grade ones, with a maximum area under the ROC curve of 0.95 in conjunction with quantitative T1 and T2. |
| 4684 | Advanced permutation test of children’s thalami reveals correlation between age and iron accumulation in aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) disease | |
| Viljami Sairanen1, Anna Tokola1, Ritva Tikkanen2, Minna Laine3, and Taina Autti1 | ||
1HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, 2Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany, 3Department of Child Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland |
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We report an original finding of a strong linear correlation (F=26, p=1.5e-4, R2=0.65) between iron accumulation within specific thalamic structures and the age of children with aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU). AGU is a rare lysosomal storage disorder which has no cure, causes a negative effect on the development of a child, and leads to a premature death. We used affine image registration and implemented a voxel-wise permutation test to locate where AGU patients have higher filtered phase SWI intensities (i.e. more iron) than controls. Furthermore, we demonstrated that permutation test was crucial for discovering the linear correlation between iron accumulation and age. |
| 4685 | Uptake of MRI and associated data quality in an inclusive clinical trial in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder | |
| Marilena M DeMayo1, Izabella M Pokorski1, Ian B Hickie2, and Adam J Guastella1 | ||
1University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia, 2Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia |
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Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show high rates of comorbidities, including intellectual disability. Often, individuals with comorbid conditions are excluded from clinical trials and neuroimaging studies, potentially biasing the development of treatments and subtypes. In an inclusive trial (without functioning constraints) for children with ASD (aged 3-12 years), 71 participants consented to MRI and 24 (34%) completed an MRI scan, following a familiarization procedure. Twenty-one participants had a successful post-treatment MRI. This study reports on the resultant data quality and shows the potential to include MRI in trials of complex populations who, typically, are excluded. |
| 4686 | Optimized pediatric brain tumor diagnosis by using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and machine learning | |
| Dadi Zhao1,2, James T. Grist1,2, Yu Sun1,2, Vijay Sawlani1,3, and Andrew C. Peet1,2 | ||
1Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 3Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom |
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Previous studies have shown that magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can provide diagnostic classifiers for childhood brain tumors. Here we investigate the effect of noise suppression on classification and build it into a pipeline aimed at optimizing the diagnosis. Although people have proposed several algorithms to suppress noise in MRS, the clinical application is still largely restricted to apodisation. We propose a wavelet-based framework to suppress the noise of in vivo MRS, thereby the signal quality of in vivo MRS and the classification accuracy of tumor cases was improved. The framework could be used in the clinical diagnosis through MRS. |
| 4687 | Associations of body size and composition with regional brain volumes and white matter microstructure in very preterm infants | |
| Katherine A Bell1,2, Lillian G Matthews1,2, Anna K Prohl2,3, Sara Cherkerzian1,2, Terrie E Inder1,2, Simon K Warfield2,3, Shun Onishi4, and Mandy B Belfort1,2 | ||
1Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 4Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan |
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For very preterm infants, body size and composition (lean versus fat mass) may index brain growth and microstructural development. Among 85 very preterm infants at term equivalent age, we studied associations of body size/composition with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes including total and regional brain volumes, and fractional anisotropy of white matter tracts. Larger body size and more lean--but not fat--mass were associated with larger brain volumes and higher fractional anisotropy of multiple white matter tracts. Lean mass accrual may index brain growth and development. MRI may be useful for studying effects of nutritional exposures on the preterm brain. |
| 4688 | Correlation analysis between amide proton transfer weighted and blood flow status in infarct core of patients with subacute ischemic stroke | |
| Yuhan Jiang1, Yanwei Miao1, Liangjie Lin2, Zhiwei Shen2, Peipei Chang1, Yiwei Che1, Ailian Liu1, Qingwei Song1, and Jiazheng Wang2 | ||
1the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, Dalian, China, 2Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China, Beijing, China |
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Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) MR imaging enables detections of metabolite and pH value changes, while the arterial spin label (ASL) imaging can assess hemodynamic changes in brain tissue after cerebral infarction. This study aimed to evaluate correlation between APT-related metabolic changes and blood flow status in the infarct core of patients with subacute ischemic stroke by APTw and ASL MR techniques. Significant correlations of APT to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) values in the infarct region were observed. |
| 4689 | Investigation of cerebral small vessel disease and impacting clinical factors in young patients with symptomatic cerebral infarction | |
| Yuhan Jiang1, Yanwei Miao1, Peipei Chang1, Yiwei Che1, and Lizhi Xie2 | ||
1the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, Dalian, China, 2GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, Beijing, China, Beijing, China |
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In this study, we selected the first infarction of young patients as a study object, retrospective analysis of young cerebral infarction, senile cerebral infarction and healthy young people's brain cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD) imaging findings, and further analysis of its clinical influencing factors to further explore the etiology of infarction in young patients. We found that CSVD often occurs in young and elderly patients of cerebral infarction, while it is more frequent and serious in elderly patients. Hypertension, smoking, and age may be factors influencing cerebral small vessel disease in young patients with cerebral infarction. |
| 4690 | Utilising multi-parametric MRI to non-invasively predict tumour type in paediatric neuro-oncological disease: a multi-centre study. | |
| James Timothy Grist1, Stephanie Timothy Withey2, Lesley MacPherson3, Adam Oates4, Stephen Timothy Powell2, Jan Novak5, Laurence Abernethy6, Barry Pizer7, Ricahrd Grundy8, Simon Bailey9, Dipayan Mitra9, Theodoros N Arvantis10, Dorothee P. Auer8, and Andrew C Peet2 | ||
1University of Birmingham, BIRMINGHAM, United Kingdom, 2University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 3Birmingham Women's and CHildren's NHS foundation trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 4Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS foundation trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 5Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 6Alder Hey Children's NHS foundation trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 7Institute of Translation Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 8University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 9Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 10University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom |
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This study focuses on utilising supervised Machine Learning to combine both diffusion and perfusion weighted imaging to discriminate between the three most common pediatric brain tumour types: Pilocytic Astrocytoma, Ependymoma, and Medulloblastoma. |
| 4691 | Combining different high resolution MR vessel imaging sequences in pediatric medulloblastoma survivors: Be faster than the stroke event | |
| Yasemin Tanyildizi1, Marie-Astrid Neu2, Arthur Wingerter2, Alexandra Russo2, Marc Alexander Brockmann1, and Joerg Faber2 | ||
1Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, 2Pediatric Hematology/ Oncology/ Hemostaseology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany |
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Imaging cerebro- vasculopathy after radio-chemotherapy in pediatric Medulloblastoma survivors, by assessing internal media thickening of the external carotid artery through ultrasound and comparing black blood high resolution vessel wall imaging sequences with TOF-MR-Angiography, Volume Interpolated GRE/±CE and T2 tse fat saturated sequences. The underlying study indicates a superiority of black blood sequences in early detection of vascular changes, which might lead to vasculopathy, in comparison to the commonly used sequences. Thus follow-up MRI protocols might include black blood vessel wall images. |
| 4692 | Evaluating the Alternation of Brain Structure in Deaf Children by using Multimodal Structural Analysis | |
| Hang Qu1, Wei Wang1, and Weiqiang Dou2 | ||
1Radiology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China |
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In this study, we used Surface Based Morphometry (SBM) and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) analysis to investigate the alternation of brain structure in deaf children. The cortical thickness of the deaf group significantly decreased in the left postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, paracentral lobule, precuneus, the right transverse temporal gyri, and the middle temporal gyrus. The left precuneus local gyrification index increased. The fractional anisotropy value of the white matter in deaf children is lower than control group. These findings demonstrated that structural changes in deaf children occurred in both the grey and white matter, and revealed that the neuroplastic changes associated with cross-modal reorganization in the precuneus. |
| 4693 | 3D automatic segmentation analysis of pituitary in children with precocious puberty | |
| Hang Qu1, Yu Pan1, RuiHong Chen1, Weiqiang Dou2, Weiyin Vivian Liu2, and Wei Wang1 | ||
1The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 2GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, P.R. China, Beijing, China |
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To explore changes of pituitary morphology in precocious children.An in-house software based on Matlab platform was used to obtain pituitary morphological measurements. In this research the height of the pituitary in the CPP group was higher than that in the PPP group and the normal group. The pituitary volume of the CPP group was larger than that of the normal group.Pituitary volume and surface area of CCP group were positively correlated with hormone metabolism levels. The height of pituitary gland is still the index of differential diagnosis, however pituitary volume and surface area have better correlation with hormone level. |
| 4694 | Confirming outcomes of disrupted white matter integrity in an independent cohort of children treated for medulloblastoma | |
| John O. Glass1, Jared J. Sullivan1, Yian Guo2, Julie H. Harreld1, Yimei Li2, Giles W. Robinson3, Amar Gajjar3, and Wilburn E. Reddick1 | ||
1Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States, 2Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States, 3Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States |
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This study confirmed changes seen in a cohort of 146 patients and 92 normal healthy age-similar controls in an independent cohort of 141 patients. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was analyzed using the TBSS tools in FSL. After surgery but before any additional therapy, FA was significantly reduced in both cohorts. Additionally, a large increase in the percentage of skeleton voxels where the patients at least reach the level of controls two years from diagnosis was observed. This suggest the possibility that the newer therapy is having a less toxic impact on the microstructural integrity in this pediatric medulloblastoma population. |
| 4695 | R2* mapping in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a whole-brain analysis | |
| Yingqian Chen1, Shu Su1, Long Qian2, Yan Dai1, Miao Fan1, Hongyu Zhang3, and Zhiyun Yang1 | ||
1Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 2MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, 3Department of Pediatric, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China |
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might associate with the iron deficiency, but few studies reported on the correlation between brain iron level and the severity of illness. To address whether the changes of iron deposition are correlated with the cognitive function deficits in ADHD, the R2* mapping were applied in current study. The results indicated that the correlations between the R2* value and the symptom severity of ADHD were found in in brain regions within the basal ganglia region, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, which also indicated that R2* mapping might have the potential efficacy in the auxiliary diagnosis of ADHD. |
| 4696 | Differentiation of Low- and High-grade Pediatric Brain Tumors by Using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging | |
| Dejun She1 | ||
1Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China |
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To demonstrate the quantitative parameters derived from intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) models can be used to improve the accuracy of MR imaging for differentiating among low- and high-grade pediatric brain tumors. |
| 4697 | MRI reveals brain ventricle expansion in pediatric patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | |
| Jason Michael Millward1, Luca Bramé1, Kevin Rostásy2, Matthias Baumann3, Thoralf Niendorf1,4, and Sonia Waiczies1 | ||
1Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 2Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany, 3Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, 4Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany |
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We show dynamic variations in brain ventricle volume (VV) in longitudinal MRI scans of pediatric patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). A majority of patients showed decreases in VV directly following the initial clinical event, or following subsequent VV expansion. This suggests that the VV expansion in these patients was not due to irreversible brain atrophy, but rather likely reflected processes associated with acute disease. Calculations of VV (and volumes of other brain structures) done using the automated tool FreeSurfer were significantly affected by gadolinium-based contrast agents; comparing pre- and post-contrast scans should be avoided in longitudinal studies. |
| 4698 | Motor Ability Network Connectivity in Undernourished Young Children in India | |
| Muriel Marisa Katharina Bruchhage1,2, Giang-Chau Ngo1,2, Madhuri Tiwari3, Aarti Kumar3, Vishwajeet Kumar3, Viren D'Sa1,2, and Sean C. L. Deoni1,2,4 | ||
1Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States, 2Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States, 3Community Empowerment Lab, Lucknow, India, 4Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Discovery & Tools, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States |
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Early motor skill acquisition is an important developmental stepping stone for more complex cognitive tasks. While cognitive performance and overall health has shown to be negatively impacted by malnutrition, few studies have been conducted to investigate its influence on neurodevelopment. Here, we investigate the relationship of motor ability and brain functional connectivity (fc) in currently underweight and average weight young children (< 2 years) living in an Indian region with one of the worst human development indicators. With increase in motor complexity, fewer fc were available in the undernourished cohort only, possibly indicating an under-recruitment of brain networks. |
| 4699 | Measuring CSF shunt flow with MRI using flow enhancement of signal intensity (Shunt-FENSI) | |
| Mingxiao Zhang1,2, Natalie Aw2,3, Mark Doose1, Paul M. Arnold4, Jason Huston4, William C. Olivero2, and Bradley P. Sutton2 | ||
1Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 2Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 3Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 4Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States |
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Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts are used for the treatment of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients. Monitoring the condition of CSF flow through the shunt is vital for identifying possible shunt failure. We propose an MRI-based monitoring technique, Shunt-FENSI, for accurate, quantitative and non-invasive shunt flow measurement. The Shunt-FENSI technique uses pseudocontinuous sub-voxel labeling to build up signal due to flow within a larger imaging voxel. We demonstrate high accuracy in phantom scans, where we match our tagged signal measurement with a simulation which includes tagging, flow, and T1 recovery. |
| 4700 | The Neurobiology of Placebo Response in Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder | |
| Lu Lu1,2, Hailong Li1, Jeffrey Mills3, Heidi Schroeder2, Sarah Mossman2, Sara Varney2, Kim Cecil4, Melissa DelBello2, Amir Levine5, Xiaoqi Huang1, Qiyong Gong1, John Sweeny1,2, and Jeffrey Strawn2 | ||
1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 3Carl H. Lindner College of Business, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 4Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 5Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States |
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Increasing placebo response rates represent a significant barrier to detecting treatment effects in pediatric psychiatry clinical trials. To identify biomarkers for it in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder prior to their entering a clinical trial, whole brain dynamic and static functional connectivity (FC) were used. Dynamic and static FC between the amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and regions that subserve emotion control and inhibition were significantly associated with degree of placebo response and differed between placebo responders and non-responders. These findings may be used to decrease placebo response in clinical trials to more effectively evaluate novel treatments. |
| 4701 | Fibre specific tract profiles of children with ADHD: Evidence from fixel-based analysis | |
| Ian Fuelscher1, Emma Sciberras1,2,3, Daryl Efron2,3,4, Vicki Anderson4,5, Christian Hyde1, and Timothy J Silk1,4,5 | ||
1School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, 2Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia, 3Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 4The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, 5Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia |
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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies examining white matter microstructure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have provided conflicting results, possibly reflecting limitations of the DTI framework. We leverage fixel-based analysis (FBA), a fibre specific assessment of white matter microstructure, to comprehensively evaluate white matter tract profiles of children with ADHD. Relative to controls, children with ADHD show both reduced fibre density and reduced fibre cross section across association, projection and commissural fibres. FBA metrics further correlate with ADHD symptom severity. We conclude that ADHD symptomatology in childhood may be subserved by altered communication pathways across the brain. |
| 4702 | DKI-Based Mahalanobis Distance Assessing Alterations of Brain White Matter in Infants With Benign Enlargement of Subarachnoid Space | |
| Congcong Liu1, Xianjun Li1, Miaomiao Wang1, Chao Jin1, Fan wu1, Cong Tian1, Mengxuan Li1, Xiaocheng Wei2, and Jian Yang1 | ||
1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Xi'an, China |
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Some infants with BESS were accompanied with mildly motor and language delay. White matter (WM) development is important to neurodevelopmen, but relationships between BESS and WM maturation are not very clear. Mahalanobis distance is a feasible multivariate approach to evaluate white matter maturation. This study aims to quantitative assess the WM microstructures of in infant with BESS aged 4-6 months via DKI-based Mahalanobis distance. Larger Mahalanobis distance was found in infants with BESS among most WM tracts. All these changes of WM tracts suggested underlying alterations and prematuration of white matter. It may provide additional information for the neurodevelopment outcomes. |
| 4703 | Replacing CT with high-resolution MRI for 3D pediatric cranial bone imaging | |
| Kamlesh B. Patel1, Cihat Eldeniz2, Gary B. Skolnick3, Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka2, Paul K. Commean2, Manu S. Goyal2, Matthew D. Smyth4, and Hongyu An2 | ||
1Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States, 2Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States, 3Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States, 4Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States |
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Ionizing radiation from computed tomography (CT) imaging increases the risk of cancer. Patients with craniosynostosis often undergo repeated head CT scans, exacerbating the cumulative risk. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has the potential to be a radiation-free safe alternative. Previously proposed methods in this area are not widely utilized because of suboptimal osseous/soft tissue contrast, vulnerability to motion, and the need for manual post-processing. In this study, we propose a high-resolution radial MRI protocol with improved tissue contrast and less sensitivity to motion. Moreover, we seek to evaluate its feasibility by using a blinded clinical evaluation. |
| 4704 | An In-vivo Assessment of Regional Brain Temperature during Whole-body Cooling for Neonatal Encephalopathy | |
| Tai-Wei Wu1, Jessica Lee Wisnowski1, Rachel Chapman1, Marvin D Nelson2, Benita Tamrazi2, and Stefan Bluml2,3 | ||
1Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Rudi Schulte Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, United States |
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Regional brain temperatures in newborns hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) were measured during whole-body hypothermia (TH) to test the hypothesis that brain temperature profile is non-homogenous and is related to pattern or severity of brain injury. We found that whole body hypothermia was effective in cooling deep brain structures, while superficial structures were warmer and significantly higher than rectal temperature. It was also observed that infants with more severe brain injury exhibited higher brain temperatures without regional temperature differences. |