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| 2239
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General factors of white matter microstructure in the newborn human brain | |
| Kadi Vaher1, Paola Galdi1, Manuel Blesa Cabez1, Gemma Sullivan1, Gill Black1, David Q Stoye1, Alan J Quigley2, Michael J Thrippelton3, Simon R Cox4, Mark E Bastin3, Debby Bogaert5, and James P Boardman1 | ||
1MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2Department of Paediatric Radiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 3Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 4Lothian Birth Cohort Studies group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 5Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom |
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Preterm birth associates with diffuse white matter dysmaturation, which is linked to neurocognitive impairment. We applied principal component analysis to tract-averaged diffusion tensor (DTI) and neurite orientation and density imaging (NODDI) measures to derive single- and multimodal general factors describing neonatal white matter microstructure. We report substantial shared variance of DTI and NODDI metrics across 16 white matter tracts and between the different metrics; the derived general factors associate with preterm birth. These results suggest that general factors are efficient markers of generalised white matter microstructure in early life, and are useful for investigating the determinants of white matter development. |
| 2240 | Learning 3D structures from 2D slices with scan-specific data for fast and high-resolution neonatal brain MRI | |
| Yao Sui1,2, Onur Afacan1,2, Ali Gholipour1,2, and Simon K Warfield1,2 | ||
1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 2Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States |
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Neonatal brain MRI is a resolution-critical task due to the small brain of neonates. Among post-acquisition resolution-enhancement techniques, deep learning has shown promising results. Most state-of-the-art deep learning-based super-resolution methods work on 2D slices, so ignore the 3D nature of the brain anatomy. Learning on 3D images requires large-scale training datasets of high-resolution volumes that are, unfortunately, difficult to acquire. We developed a methodology that enables learning 3D gradient structures from 2D slices for an individual subject without the need for large, auxiliary high-resolution datasets. Experiments on clinical data from ten neonates demonstrate our approach outperformed state-of-the-art MRI super-resolution methods. |
| 2241 | Relationship between brain temperature and prognosis during hypothermia in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | |
| Moyoko Tomiyasu1,2, Jun Shibasaki3, Yasuhiko Terada4, Katsuaki Toyoshima3, Tatsuya Higashi1, Takayuki Obata1, and Noriko Aida2 | ||
1Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan, 2Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan, 3Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan, 4Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan |
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We examined brain temperatures of 81 neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during and/or after hypothermia therapy. The brain temperature was obtained from magnetic resonance spectroscopy data (3T). The subjects also had a neurological developmental test at the age of 18–22 months, and were divided into favorable and adverse outcome groups. Brain temperatures for each outcome were significantly lower during hypothermia compared with those after hypothermia. Although the poor prognosis group tended to have a large dispersion of brain temperature after hypothermia, there was no significant difference in brain temperature between the favorable and adverse outcome groups. |
| 2242 | Association between multi-modal term MRI biomarkers and early cerebral palsy risk in very preterm infants | |
| Julia E. Kline1, Weihong Yuan1, Karen Harpster1, and Nehal A. Parikh1 | ||
1Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States |
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Very preterm (VPT) infants are at risk for serious motor impairments, including cerebral palsy (CP). Motor interventions are most effective if delivered early, but early accurate biomarkers of CP are lacking. In a cohort of 345 VPT infants, we extracted cortical morphometrics and brain volumes from term structural MRI and applied graph theoretical methods to term diffusion MRI connectomes. We observed consistent negative associations between early CP risk and cortical surface area, subcortical volumes, and graph metrics, including global efficiency and local efficiency of motor regions. These early biomarkers enhance our understanding of VPT motor impairments and may predict CP. |
| 2243 | Optimizing Brain Injury Biomarkers in a piglet model of Neonatal Encephalopathy: combining perfusion with proton MRS | |
| Hillary Idogwu1, Magdalena Sokolska2, Pang Raymand 3, Saiful Islam4, Christopher Meehan 3, Adnan Avdic-Belltheus 3, Kathryn Marinello 3, Ingran Lingam 3, Tatenda Mutshiya 3, Alan Bainbridge 2, Nikki Robertson 3, David Thomas1, and Xavier Golay1 | ||
1Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, 2Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, 3Neonatology, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom, 4UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom |
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Despite therapeutic hypothermia, some survivors of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) still have adverse outcomes. Surrogate outcome measures or biomarkers are needed for early detection of babies with adverse outcome so that adjunct therapies can be considered. Basal ganglia and thalamus (BGT) lactate/ N-Acetyl-Aspartate (Lac/NAA) peak area ratio acquired with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a reliable predictor of developmental outcome at two years. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in parallel with the metabolic changes after hypoxia ischaemia (HI). We hypothesised that the combination of CBF with BGT Lac/NAA would be more closely associated with quantitative cell death than either alone. |
| 2244
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Brain asymmetry and development of healthy preterm infants within half-year-old: a diffusion MRI study based on ROI and fixel methods | |
| Tingting Liu1, Weihao Zheng1, Yuqing You2, Ying Lv2, Weijun Chen2, Zhiyong Zhao1, Fusheng Gao2, Hongxi Zhang2, Chai Ji2, and Dan Wu1 | ||
1ZheJiang University, Hangzhou, China, 2Children's Hospital, ZheJiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China |
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The present study aimed to investigate brain asymmetry of healthy preterm-born infants within half-year-old using high angular resolution diffusion MRI. ROI-based analysis revealed most brain regions showed significant asymmetry and the asymmetry changed with brain development. The MD-based lateralization index showed an center-versus-peripheral pattern with remarkable lateralization in the posterior cortex. Moreover, in contrast to the adult brain, we found a rightward asymmetry in language processing regions and leftward asymmetry in visuospatial processing regions. Besides, consistent leftward lateralization in white matter was observed at both ROI-based and fixel-based analysis. These findings advanced our understanding of brain asymmetry during early development. |
| 2245 | Accounting for Measurement Noise in a Multi-Site Newborn Diffusion Weighted Imaging Study | |
| Jerod M Rasmussen1, Alice M Graham2, Pathik D Wadhwa1, Sonja Entringer3, Martin Styner4, Beatriz Luna5, Thomas G O'Connor6, Damien A Fair7, and Claudia Buss3 | ||
1UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States, 2Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States, 3Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 4University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 5University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 6University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States, 7University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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We leverage an exemplar relationship (FAWM vs. postmenstrual age [PMA]) to quantify the benefits conferred by adjustment for QC measures in a multi-site infant DWI study. Data was preprocessed using a common pipeline (dHCP) and the FAWM-PMA association tested without and with controlling for SNR, CNR and mean FD. All three QC measures were broadly associated with FAWM within sites. Within and across sites, inclusion of QC measures greatly increased FAWM variance explained by PMA. Accounting for QC measures results in an improved capability for identifying reproducible small-effect size relationships in large multi-site infant imaging studies. |
| 2246 | High resolution diffusion imaging in the unfixed post-mortem neonatal brain | |
| Wenchuan Wu1, Luke Baxter1,2, Eleri Adams2,3, Foteini Andritsou2, Matteo Bastiani1,4,5, Ria Evans Fry2, Robert Frost6,7, Sean Foxley8, Chris Gallagher1, Fiona Moultrie2, Vaneesha Monk2, David Andrew Porter9, Anthony Price10,11, Sebastian W Rieger1,12, Michael Sanders1, Anthony David Edwards11, Joseph V Hajnal10,11, Rebeccah Slater*1,2, and Karla L Miller*1 | ||
1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 3Newborn Care Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom, 4Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 5NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 6Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 7Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 8Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 9Imaging Centre of Excellence, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 10Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom, 11Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom, 12Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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In this work, we develop a 7T experimental platform to acquire high resolution diffusion MRI images in unfixed post-mortem infant brains. Here we present results from a first infant. The post-mortem structural images demonstrate superior SNR and improved depiction of small structures than age-matched low-resolution in vivo data. The post-mortem diffusion MRI images show sufficient SNR to support the considerably smaller voxel volume compared to in vivo. The high spatial resolution of the post-mortem data enables the depiction of brain features (e.g., cortical radiality, subplate organization) that are less prominent in low-resolution in vivo data. |
| 2247 | Grading of pediatric intracranial tumors: are intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging superior to conventional DWI? | |
| dejun she1, dairong cao1, shan lin1, zhongshuai zhang2, and Robert Grimm3 | ||
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Fuzhou, China, 2SIEMENS healthcare diagnostic imaging, Shanghai, Pudong, Zhouzhu Highway 278, China, 3SIEMENS Healcare, Erlangen, Germany |
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To explore the correlations between parameters derived from conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) with histopathologic features of pediatric intracranial tumors. |
| 2248 | Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the brain in neonates and infants | |
| Sayo Otani1, Yasutaka Fushimi1, Satoshi Nakajima1, Akihiko Sakata1, Takuya Hinoda1, Sonoko Oshima1, Krishna Pandu Wicaksono1, Hiroshi Tagawa1, Yang Wang1, and Yuji Nakamoto1 | ||
1Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan |
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We evaluated magnetic susceptibility of the brain in 202 neonates and infants. We manually placed volumes of interest of the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus in the MNI space. Our study showed that elevation of magnetic susceptibility probably associated with iron deposition of the basal ganglia and thalamus increased with chronological age from birth to 2 years using volume-of-interest analysis. |
| 2249 | Mapping developmental trajectories of the cortex and its adjacent white matter for preterm neonates using DTI | |
| Shiyu Yuan1, Jingda Yang1, Mengting Liu1, Duan Xu2, James Barkovich2, and Hosung Kim1 | ||
1USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States |
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The brain development of cyto- and myeloarchitecture undergoes rapid and intensive changes during the third trimester. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) probes the microstructural organization of brain tissue by measuring the three-dimensional spatial diffusion of water molecules1. Using mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), we show the spatiotemporal pattern of cortical and superficial white matter maturation in preterm neonates. This result might be useful in the prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome and functional impairments in preterm survivors. |
| 2250
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Disentangling neurite and soma contributions to cortical microstructural development in vivo | |
| Sila Genc1, Maxime Chamberland1, Gareth Ball2, Erika Raven1, Isobel Ward1, Chantal Tax1, Marco Palombo3, and Derek Jones1 | ||
1Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia, 3Centre for Medical Image Computing and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom |
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MRI studies of cortical development have revealed macroscopic changes in morphology, with thickness/volume decreasing over childhood and adolescence. Recent microstructural modelling advances hold promise for quantifying the cellular changes driving these observations. We characterised cortical neurite and soma microstructure in 88 participants aged 8-18 years. Key findings:
Overall, our study provides in vivo evidence of distinct developmental patterns of cortical neurite and soma microstructure. |
| 2251 | Multivariate Associations Among Symptoms, Cognition, Behavior, and White Matter across ADHD and typically developing children | |
| Xuan Bu1,2, Yingxue Gao1, Kaili Liang1, Weijie Bao1, Lu Lu1, Ying Chen1, Lanting Guo3, Qiyong Gong1, Susumu Mori2, and Xiaoqi Huang1 | ||
1Radiology Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 2The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Psychiatry Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China |
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In current study, we discovered several multivariate patterns of white matter properties linked to clinical symptoms, cognition and behavior across children with and without ADHD. Each dimension of phenotype was linked to a specific pattern of white matter microstructure alterations. Furthermore, these associations captured deviations between children with and without ADHD and displayed developmental effects. Together, these results suggest that complex ADHD phenotypes are associated with specific patterns of abnormal white matter microstructure during brain development. |
| 2252 | Increased glutamate + glutamine correlates with altered tactile perception and sensory responsivity in children with autism spectrum disorder | |
| Georg Oeltzschner1,2, Jason He3, Mark Mikkelsen1,2, Alyssa DeRonda4, Deana Crocetti4, Stewart H. Mostofsky4,5,6, Richard A.E. Edden1,2, and Nicolaas A.J. Puts3 | ||
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 4Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, 5Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 6Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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Abnormal perception of sensory input is among the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Despite evidence for altered excitation-inhibition balance contributing to states of hyper- or hypo-excitability in ASD, findings have been mixed. In this study, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in a large sample of children with ASD and typically developing children to measure levels of GABA and glutamate+glutamine (Glx). Elevated sensorimotor Glx levels in ASD correlated with vibrotactile frequency discrimination thresholds and caregiver-reported hyper- and hyporesponsivity to sensory stimuli, symptoms that are central to ASD. These results provide support for the excitation-inhibition imbalance theory of ASD. |
| 2253 | Prenatal maternal distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on infant brain connectivity | |
| Kathryn Y. Manning1,2,3, Xiangyu Long1,2,3, Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen2,4,5, Gerald Giesbrecht2,4,5,6, and Catherine Lebel1,2,3 | ||
1Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, 3Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, 4Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 5Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 6Community Health Sciences, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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We investigated the effects of prenatal maternal psychological distress in pregnant Canadian mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic on the early development of the infant brain. We scanned infants using the 3T MRI at the Alberta Children's hospital including resting state functional and diffusion MRI. We found that amygdala microstructural pathways were significantly related to functional connectivity between the right and left amygdala at 2-months of age. These infant MRI measures were correlated with maternal anxiety and psychological distress where we found relatively less mature tracts and lower amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity were related to higher prenatal maternal psychological distress. |
| 2254 | Orientation dependence of T2 in newborn white matter shows dipole-dipole interaction effects | |
| Lara Bartels1,2, Jonathan Doucette1,2, Christoph Birkl2,3,4, Yuting Zhang5,6,7,8, Alexander Mark Weber2,9, and Alexander Rauscher1,2,9,10 | ||
1Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, 4Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 5Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, 6Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, 7Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, 8Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China, 9Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 10Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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In adult White Matter (WM), tissue orientation effects on $$$R_2$$$ are best described by diffusion within field inhomogeneities created by the myelin sheath. Here we studied how $$$R_2$$$ relaxation depends on white matter fibre orientation in the human newborn brain in vivo. We found that the orientation dependency is very different from adults and best described by a model of dipole-dipole interaction. |
| 2255 | Early Sensorimotor Tract Integrity and Development of Cerebral Palsy in High Risk Infants | |
| Rahul Chandwani1, Julia Kline1, Karen Harpster2,3,4, Jean Tkach5,6,7, and Nehal Parikh1,2 | ||
1Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 3Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 4Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 5Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 6Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 7Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States |
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Very preterm (VPT) infants are at high risk of motor impairments such as cerebral palsy (CP). Currently, qualitative findings from structural MRI and outcomes from clinical assessments are insufficient for early, accurate diagnosis of CP. In a multicenter cohort of 263 VPT infants, we derived macro and microstructural biomarkers of sensorimotor white matter tracts from term-equivalent age diffusion MRI. We observed consistent negative associations between these metrics – fiber density, fiber cross-section, and combined fiber density and cross-section – and early diagnosis of CP. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of CP in VPT infants. |
| 2256 | Breastmilk exposure is associated with improved MRI biomarkers of myelination in preterm infants | |
| Gemma Sullivan1, Manuel Cabez1, Kadi Vaher1, Paola Galdi1, Gill Black1, David Q Stoye1, Alan J Quigley2, Elizabeth N York3, Michael J Thrippleton3, Mark E Bastin3, and James P Boardman1,3 | ||
1MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2Department of Paediatric Radiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 3Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom |
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Preterm birth is closely associated with altered white matter microstructure and dysconnectivity of developing neural networks with increased risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Nutritional exposures in the weeks after preterm birth affect head growth, brain macro- and micro- structure, and are associated with neurocognitive ability; the mechanisms underlying these associations are uncertain. By combining nutritional data with myelin-weighted imaging, we show that early breast milk exposure after preterm birth is associated with improved white matter myelination at term-equivalent age. |
| 2257 | Patterns of De Novo Myelination Identify Functionally Relevant Brain Networks | |
| Sean Deoni1, Lexie Volpe2, Jennifer Beauchemin2, and Viren D'Sa3 | ||
1Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States, 2Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States, 3Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States |
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Infancy and childhood are important developmental periods punctuated by rapid brain development and cognitive growth, however, direct and longitudinal analysis of the relationships between maturing brain structure and evolving cognitive skill in human infants is sparse. Here we used longitudinal and myelin-sensitive MRI measures from a large cohort of neurotypical children to examine patterns of myelination throughout the brain and link these patterns to concurrently evolving motor, visual, and language skills. Results revealed a core system of central brain regions that contributed broadly across cognitive domains as well as domain-specific regions that align with known functional specialization. |
| 2258 | Alterations in vascular injury, rsfMRI signal variability and verbal memory in young patients treated with radiation therapy for a brain tumor. | |
| Melanie Morrison1, Sivakami Avadappian1, Angela Jakary1, Erin Felton2, Schuyler Stoller3, Sabine Mueller3, and Janine Lupo1 | ||
1Radiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, 3Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States |
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This is a multimodal 7T MRI study evaluating imaging biomarkers of cognition in young brain tumor patients. |
| 2259 | A semi-supervised graph convolutional network for early prediction of motor impairments in very preterm infants using brain connectome | |
| Hailong Li1, Ming Chen1,2, Jinghua Wang3, Nehal A. Parikh4,5, and Lili He1,5 | ||
1Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 3Deep MRI Imaging Inc., Lewes, DE, United States, 4The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 5Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States |
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About 32−42% of very preterm infants develop minor motor impairments around the world. Unfortunately, large MRI datasets with clinical outcome annotations/labels are typically unavailable, especially in neonates. To address this challenge of limited training data, we developed a semi-supervised graph convolutional network model to utilize both labeled and unlabeled data during model training to predict motor impairments at 2 years corrected age using brain structural connectome derived from diffusion MRI obtained at term-equivalent age in very preterm infants. The proposed model was able to identify infants with motor impairments with an accuracy of 68.1% and an AUC of 0.67. |
| 2260 | Predicting Early Neonatal Bilirubin Encephalopathy Based on Radiomics Nomogram of T1weighted Imaging | |
| Jinhong Yu1, Yanwei Miao1, Yangyingqiu Liu1, Bingbing Gao1, and Yu Bing1 | ||
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China |
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The T1WI hyperintensity of bilateral globus pallidus（GP）is considered to be a typical imaging manifestation of bilirubin encephalopathy(BE), but the diagnosis ability is insufficient for the early stage of the disease (hyperbilirubinemia and T1WI negative). In this study, a better early prediction model of BE based on T1WI radiomics was obtained, which provided a new image marker for early diagnosis and monitoring of BE. |
| 2261 | Artificial neural network derived myelin water fraction map with multi-echo gradient echo signal: brain development from infants to adults. | |
| Hyun Gi Kim1, Jae Eun Song2, Dongyeob Han3, Jee Young Kim1, Se Won Oh1, and Dong-Hyun Kim2 | ||
1Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Siemens Healthcare, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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Myelin water fraction (MWF) values were obtained by an artificial neural network (ANN-MWF) and complex model fitting (CF-MWF) with 3D multi-echo gradient-echo (mGRE) signal. Linear regression test showed high correlation between ANN-MWF and CF-MWF values (R2 = 0.802, p < .001). Bland-Altman plot showed higher ANN-MWF values compared to CF-MWF values in the areas with high MWF values. The ANN-MWF values in the white matter showed a high association with age (R2 = 0.821, p =.005). |
| 2262 | Evaluation of compressed sensing in pediatric neuro-oncological MR imaging: Impact on image quality and scan duration | |
| Rieke Lisa Meister1, Shuo Zhang2, Michael Groth1, Julian Jürgens1, Christoph Katemann2, Jan-Hendrik Buhk3, and Jochen Herrmann1 | ||
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, 2Philips, Hamburg, Germany, 3Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany |
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High-resolution MRI plays an important role in neuro-oncological exams in children. However, high-quality imaging remains challenging due to long scan times. In this study, we evaluate the compressed SENSE technique that employs compressed sensing with coil sensitivity information in a dedicated pediatric neuro-oncological scan protocol in children with brain tumor. The resulted image quality and scan duration are compared with the conventional techniques, showing promise for a wide adaption in the clinical routine practice. |
| 2263 | A Densely Connected Neural Network with Frequency Balancing Loss for Adipose Tissue Segmentation in Children using Free-Breathing Abdominal MRI | |
| Sevgi Gokce Kafali1,2, Shu-Fu Shih1,2, Xinzhou Li1,2, Tess Armstrong1, Kelsey Kuwahara3, Sparsha Govardhan4, Karrie V Ly4, Shahnaz Ghahremani1, Kara L Calkins4, and Holden H Wu1,2 | ||
1Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Cognitive Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 4Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Obese children have larger amounts of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT, VAT) and are at high risk for cardiometabolic disease. The reference standard to analyze SAT/VAT uses breath-held (BH) abdominal MRI for manual annotation of SAT/VAT. In children, the BH requirement and spatially varying VAT distribution are major challenges for body composition analysis. This work proposed a densely connected neural network with a class frequency balancing, boundary emphasizing loss to segment SAT/VAT using free breathing abdominal MRI in children. |
| 2264 | Survey of Acoustic Output in Neonatal Brain Protocols | |
| Hannah Kurdila1, Tayeb Zaidi1, Ting Zhang1, Subha Maruvada1, and Sunder Rajan1 | ||
1Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States |
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The purpose of this study was to determine the expected sound exposure to the neonate during neonatal brain protocols. To accomplish this, 7 neonatal brain protocols were recorded on 7 different MRI machines across 4 vendors. Neonatal protocol sound levels straddled existing notions of risk, exceeding sound levels known to cause non-auditory stress responses in neonates but not exceeding the IEC MRI hearing safety limit. These results indicate that these sound levels could be risky for the neonate, but that further work is required to clarify this. |
| 2265 | Prospectively motion-corrected multi-echo MPRAGE and wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging MPRAGE for pediatrics motion suppression | |
| Emi Niisato1, Yung-Chieh Chen2, Bhat Himanshu3, Wei Liu4, Daniel Nicolas Splitthoff5, and Cheng-Yu Chen2 | ||
1Siemens Healthcare Limited, Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 3Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, PA, USA, Malvern, PA, United States, 4Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China, Shenzhen, China, 5Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany |
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Pediatric patients are preferred to be scanned with protocols which are resistant to motion artifact or which complete in a short scan time. We investigated the extent of motion artifact suppression in pediatric patients using modified multi-echo Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echo (MEMPRAGE) with prospective motion correction using 3D EPI volumetric navigators (vNav Moco) by comparing with wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (wave-CAIPI) MPRAGE. Visual assessment revealed vNav Moco MEMPRAGE significantly suppressed head motion artifacts compared with wave-CAIPI MPRAGE and conventional MRPAGE. |
| 2266 | Free-breathing T2-weighted multi-shot TSE BLADE for pediatric abdominal imaging | |
| Fedel Machado-Rivas1,2, Daniel J Park3, John Conklin1,2, John E Kirsch2,3, and Michael S Gee1,2 | ||
1Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3MGH Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, United States |
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Abdominal MRI respiratory triggered acquisitions in pediatric populations often fail due to shallow or irregular breathing patterns, degrading image quality and increasing acquisition time. A free-breathing T2-weighted multi-shot TSE BLADE acquisition could overcome these limitations, but through plane motion of respiration causes substantial signal loss from long T2 (such as biliary ducts). We hypothesized that by modifying the refocusing pulse width of the sequence we could mitigate signal loss. Our results show that a 2x refocusing pulse modified free breathing sequence provides comparable image quality and contrast. Furthermore, it offers a fixed acquisition time independent of respiratory patterns. |
| 2267 | Design of a neonatal head and cardiac imaging system and parallel-transmit volume/receive phased array for 7T MRI during early infancy | |
| Jérémie Clément1, Kathleen Colford2, Emer Hughes2, Tomoki Arichi2,3,4, David Edwards2,3,5, Joseph Hajnal1,2, and Ozlem Ipek1 | ||
1Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Centre for the developing brain, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 4Paediatric neurosciences, Evelina London children's hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, 5MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the developing brain and heart could greatly benefit from the higher signal levels and improved tissue contrast at 7T. However, there are currently no dedicated RF coils and associated patient handling for young infants (<3-months). We describe design criteria and solutions to build the first mechanical frame and coil formers for imaging the brain and heart in infants up to 3-months of age in an integrated manner at 7T. The different parts incorporate important design aspects including mechanical sturdiness/safety, toxicity, sanitization and ease of use. |
| 2268 | Damping of acoustic noise for neonatal MRI at 7 Tesla | |
| Erik Huijing1, Evita Wiegers1, Dennis Klomp1, Fredy Visser1,2, Edwin Versteeg1, Koenraad Rhebergen3, Kim Annink4, Niek van der Aa4, Floris Groenendaal4, Jeroen Dudink4, Thomas Alderliesten4, Maarten Lequin1, Manon Benders4, and Jannie Wijnen1 | ||
1Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Philips HealthCare, Best, Netherlands, 3Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 4Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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We designed a new acoustic hood for neonatal MRI exams at 7 Tesla. The new design is lightweight and allows easy access to the neonate during the MRI examination. We were able to optimize the new acoustic hood to a noise reduction of 10.6dB, exceeding the damping of a prototype with damping of 3.1dB. The new hood was designed to fit a head coil and allows the use of a ventilation tube. |
| 2269 | 3D Liver T1 Quantification using Interleaved Look-Locker Acquisition with T2 Preparation Pulse Sequence (3D-QALAS): Comparison with 2D-MOLLI | |
| Deep B. Gandhi1, Amol Pednekar1, Hui Wang2, Jean A. Tkach1, Andrew T. Trout1, and Jonathan R. Dillman1 | ||
1Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 2MR Clinical Science, Philips, Cincinnati, OH, United States |
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Hepatic T1 relaxation values have been shown to correlate with hepatic fibrosis. The established 2D T1 mapping techniques require multiple breath-holds to quantify whole liver T1. 3D whole liver T1 quantification in a single breath-hold using an interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequence with T2 preparation pulse (3D-QALAS) correlates very strongly (r=0.95) with T1 values obtained with a 2D Modified Look-Locker Acquisition (2D-MOLLI). However, 3D-QALAS underestimated T1 significantly (p<0.0001) compared to 2D-MOLLI with a mean bias of 92.5 ms (14.2%). 3D-QALAS has potential to measure T1 of the whole liver in a single breath hold, while simultaneously providing T2 relaxation values. |
| 2270 | DWI and 3D SWAN improve the knowledge of pathophysiological mechanism of neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy | |
| Jinhong Yu1, Yanwei Miao1, Yangyingqiu Liu1, Bingbing Gao1, and Yu Bing1 | ||
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China |
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Exposure to high levels of bilirubin can cause serious severe motor symptoms and cerebral palsy,but the pathophysiological mechanism of brain injury is still unclear.The aim of this study was to explore the possible pathophysiological mechanism of brain tissue injury using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and three dimensions T2* weighted angiography( 3D SWAN). |
| 2271 | Liver Stiffness Measurement in Less Than Half the Conventional Breath-hold Time: Wave Polarity-Inversion Motion Encoding and Compressed SENSE | |
| Amol Pednekar1, Deep B. Gandhi2, Hui Wang3, Jean A. Tkach1, Andrew T. Trout1, and Jonathan R. Dillman1 | ||
1Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 2Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 3MR Clinical Science, Philips, Cincinnati, OH, United States |
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2D GRE MRE liver images acquired at 4 transverse levels in breath-hold times >13s per slice is currently standard of care (SC_2D_4BH). Inadequate breath-holds lead to inaccurate stiffness estimation and/or failed studies. The combination of wave polarity-inversion motion encoding and compressed-SENSE enables MRE images to be acquired in less than half the breath-hold time (2D_CS_HBH) e.g. <7s, with identical spatial resolution and field of view. In 19 participants, mean liver shear stiffness values estimated with SC_2D_4BH and 2D_CS_HBH correlated very strongly (ICC>0.96) with a bias of <0.15 kPa (<6%). 2D_CS_HBH MRE is beneficial in participants with compromised breath-holding capacity. |
| 2272 | MRI T2* liver iron concentration measurement in children comparison using Wood or Garbowski (T2*-LIC) conversions and Ferriscan (R2-LIC) | |
| Dianna ME Bardo1, Nicholas Rubert1, Mittun Patel1, Shiza Shahid1, and Robyn Augustyn1 | ||
1Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States |
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LIC analysis may be performed with accurate and reproducible results in children using an ROI or a whole liver segmentation technique using locally available software and the FerriScan® technique. |
| 2273 | Comparison of Respiratory-Gating Weighting Algorithms in Neonatal Pulmonary UTE-MRI | |
| Deep B. Gandhi1, Nara S. Higano2, Andrew D. Hahn3, Luis Torres3, Sean B. Fain3, Jason C. Woods2, and Alister J. Bates2 | ||
1Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 2Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 3Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States |
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Pulmonary 1H ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-MRI provides clinically relevant structural information in neonates with lung disease of prematurity (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD) and has strong, unexplored potential to evaluate regional pulmonary function. Retrospective respiratory-gated UTE-MRI allows reconstructed images from different phases of the breathing cycle. Here, we compared four retrospective gating approaches in 3 BPD subjects with different weighted time intervals: 1 hard-gating and 3 soft-gating (exponential, inverse and linear weighting functions). Overall, linearly weighted soft-gating provided better compromise between apparent SNR (aSNR) and motion-blurring. This optimized respiratory-gating approach opens the door for improved understanding of regional pulmonary function deficits in neonates. |
| 2274 | Dffusion tensor imaging of the physis and metaphisys as predictor of child growth | |
| Diego M Jaramillo1, Phuong M Duong1, Jie C Nguyen2, Sogol Mostoufi-Moab2, Michael K Nguyen2, Andrew Moreau2, Christian A Barrera3, Shijie Hong2, and Jose M Raya4 | ||
1Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, 2Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 3Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 4New York University, New York, NY, United States |
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Prediction of growth potential in the pediatric population is critical to trace therapies targeting growth deficiencies and to inform surgical planning. Clinical models to predict growth potential are very inaccurate. We aim to validate DTI of the physis and metaphysis (DTI-P/M) as a prediction biomarker of growth potential in children. We compared in a cohort of 90 children the prediction accuracy of DTI-P/M and clinical models. Our data showed that DTI-P/M predicted growth potential more accurately than clinical models (over 40% reduction in error). Even more importantly, compared to clinical models DTI-MP predictions did not show any prediction bias. |
| 2275 | Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Pediatric Population using Renal Phase Contrast MRI | |
| Alex J Barker1, Lorna P Browne1, Michal Schafer2, Erin K Englund2, Takashi Fujiwara2, Kristen J Nadeau2, and Petter Bjornstad2 | ||
1Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States, 2University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States |
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Pediatric patients may experience inaccurate estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by serum creatinine or cystatin C. Renal blood flow (RBF) is a key physiological determinant of GFR, thus, phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) is a promising non-invasive technique to investigate relationships to GFR. An interim prospective analysis (n=18) is presented, which investigates RBF as measured by PC-MRI in pediatric bone-marrow transplant candidates who also underwent gold standard measurement of GFR by 125I iothalamate clearance (GFR-iothalamate). The correlation between GFR-iothalamate and RBF by PC-MRI was markedly superior to that of the commonly used endogenous filtration markers serum creatinine or cystatin C. |
| 2276 | Quantitative bone marrow MRI in children with leukaemia | |
| Nataliia Kriventsova1, Petr Menshchikov2, Dmitry Kupriyanov2, Dmitry Litvinov1, Galina Novichkova1, and Galina Tereshchenko1 | ||
1Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2Philips Healthcare, Moscow, Russian Federation |
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In our study, we quantified the bone marrow fat fraction (FF) using mDixon-Quant MRI and MR Spectroscopy. The FF values in the bone marrow in children with acute leukemia compared with children of the same age without hematological diseases were significantly different. The value of the fat fraction may become an MR-biomarker of bone marrow in children with acute leukemia. |
| 2277 | Diagnosis, Characterization of Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratomas (Type IV) with Prenatal MRI and Its Outcome | |
| Xianyun Cai1, Jinxia Zhu2, and Guangbin Wang1 | ||
1Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China, China, 2MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Beijing, China, China |
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This study investigated the prenatal diagnosis and prognosis of fetal sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) (Type IV) with Prenatal MRI. Sixteen fetuses with suspected Type IV teratomas were included and followed up in this study. The results showed that prenatal MRI could effectly diagnosed fetal Type IV SCTs, which have a bright outcomes postnatally after surgery resection. This suggests correct diagnosis of teratoma on prenatal MRI and early operation after birth are important for prognosis. |
| 2278 | Quantifying Fetal and Maternal Body Composition Using 3-D Stack-Of-Radial Free-Breathing MRI | |
| Katie M Strobel1, Sevgi Gokce Kafali2, Shu-Fu Shih2, Rinat Masamed2, Kara Calkins1, and Holden Wu2 | ||
1Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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This pilot prospective cohort study investigated fetal and maternal body composition in the third trimester of pregnancy using 3D stack-of-radial free-breathing MRI. Nine women with healthy pregnancies, gestational diabetes, or fetal growth restriction were included. Fetal subcutaneous fat and liver fat, as well as maternal liver fat, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat were successfully measured. Maternal body composition was associated with fetal body composition. Pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes appear to alter fetal body composition. |