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| Monday Digital Poster | Tuesday Digital Poster | Wednesday Digital Poster |
| 4376 | Computer 1
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Fat/Water Separation and T1 and T2 Quantification Using MRF with a Rosette Trajectory in the Heart and Liver |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (cMRF) has recently been introduced for simultaneous T1 and T2 quantification in the myocardium. One important feature of the MRF framework is the potential to measure multiple tissue properties beyond T1 and T2. Here we propose an approach for simultaneous fat imaging and T1 and T2 quantification based on the cMRF framework with a rosette trajectory. The accuracy in T1 and T2 measurements and the efficacy in water-fat separation were demonstrated in the ISMRM/NIST system phantom and a multi-compartment water/oil phantom, respectively. Preliminary results in the heart and liver in healthy subjects are also shown. |
| 4377 | Computer 2
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Mapping T1, T2, and proton density fat fraction of the liver using MR Fingerprinting with three-point DIXON and 6-peak fat model |
1Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan |
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An MR Fingerprinting (MRF) simultaneously combining the three-point DIXON (3P-DIXON) method for the fatty liver was proposed. The MRF-FISP sequence with multi-TR/TE/flip angle was developed. The six-peak fat model was used to calculate a dictionary for the MRF. Template matching using the acquired signal evolutions and the rough fat fraction map estimated by 3P-DIXON provided quantification of T1, T2, and |
| 4378 | Computer 3
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Three-Dimensional, Free-Breathing Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting for Whole-Liver Coverage |
1Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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In this proof-of-concept study, a 3D free-breathing abdominal MR Fingerprinting sequence is applied to the abdomen. Full-liver coverage with spatial resolution of 1.6×1.6×5 mm3 is attained in 8 minute 40 seconds. |
| 4379 | Computer 4
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Free-Breathing Liver T1 and Fat Mapping Using a Golden-Angle-Ordered Variable Flip Angle Stack-of-Radial Sequence |
1Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Measurement of T1 and proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) in the liver can provide information about fibrosis and steatosis, respectively. Existing Cartesian acquisition schemes generally require breath-holding, which limits spatial coverage and may be difficult for sick, elderly or pediatric patients. In this study, we propose a golden-angle-ordered (GA) 3D stack-of-radial variable-flip-angle (VFA) sequence that can map T1 and PDFF simultaneously with close to full liver coverage under five minutes during free-breathing. Pilot studies in phantom and healthy subjects demonstrate feasibility and show good measurement repeatability. |
| 4380 | Computer 5
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DeepKidney: Deep segmentation of MR images for automated glomerular function quantification in heterogeneous pediatric patients |
1Department of Radiology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States |
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Automated segmentation of kidneys and their sub-components is a challenging problem, particularly in pediatric patients and in the presence of a pathology or some anatomical deformation. We present a segmentation framework using a multimodal U-Net that allows for the automated segmentation of the multiple kidney components as well as a functional evaluation of the glomerular filtration rate. Results achieve an average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.912, 0.853, and 0.917 for kidney cortex, medulla, and collector system, respectively. |
| 4381 | Computer 6
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Field Map Estimation from Magnitude-Based Water-Fat Separation |
1Perspectum Diagnostics Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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Complex-based MRI chemical-shift encoded water-fat separation depends on accurate field map convergence, which is often mitigated with spatial regularization. This is prone to error propagation and over-smoothing of fat-fraction maps. Magnitude-based separation circumvents field mapping but is reportedly limited in fat-fraction range (0-50%). We have recently presented MAGO, a magnitude-based method that resolves this water-fat ambiguity. In this study, we compare MAGO to state-of-the-art fat-fraction quantification on N=150 volunteers, and we expand the method for field map calculation using previously estimated water and fat images. MAGO is comparable to regularized hybrid-based decomposition and shows promise in higher field inhomogeneity regimes. |
| 4382 | Computer 7
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Phase Correction for Abdominal Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping with Bipolar Readout Gradients Sequence |
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Shanghai, China, 2MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China, 3Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA, New York, NY, United States |
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Bipolar acquisition in abdominal multi-echo quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) could reduce echo-spacing and total scan time. However, the bipolar acquisition introduces phase error between odd and even echoes. A phase correction method in image domain was proposed to address this problem. We demonstrated the feasibility of generating a quantitative susceptibility map in human abdomen using bipolar multi-echo GRE sequence. Quantification analysis showed an excellent agreement between bipolar and unipolar methods. |
| 4383 | Computer 8
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Quantifying liver function using artificial neural networks to estimate gadoxetic-acid uptake rate in temporally sparse gadoxetic-acid enhanced MRI |
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 2Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States |
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Though methods exist for quantifying regional liver function from dynamic gadoxetic-acid enhanced (DGE) MRI, errors are introduced when using the clinically typical temporally sparse acquisition scheme (6 volumes over 20 minutes) relative to a temporally dense dynamic acquisition (volumes every 5-10 sec over a similar period). This motivates a data driven approach. An artificial neural network (ANN) was trained to reproduce the results of the fully characterized analysis using only the restricted dataset. Across the patients evaluated the ANN solution resulted in lower mean and median WMAPE, as well as a reduction in MSE in most cases. |
| 4384 | Computer 9
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multiMap: A Gradient Spoiled Sequence for Quantitation of B1, B0, T1, T2, T2*, and Fat Fraction |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Stanford Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States |
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multiMap is a single sequence that combines standard techniques for measuring several quantities of interest: B0, B1, T1, T2, T2*, and Fat Fraction. |
| 4385 | Computer 10
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Toward 3D Free-breathing Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting |
1School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Philips Healthcare, Guildford, United Kingdom |
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Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) has been introduced to simultaneously estimate multiple quantitative parameters but mainly applied to static organs. Recently the feasibility of 2D triggered cardiac MRF (cMRF) under breath-hold has been demonstrated and provides single slice simultaneous T1 and T2 maps. However, 2D cMRF provides insufficient coverage of the heart. Here we sought to develop a free-breathing 3D triggered cMRF sequence. Respiratory bellows drive an autofocus algorithm that is used to perform translation correction of respiratory motion followed by a low rank MRF reconstruction. The proposed 3D cMRF approach was evaluated in three healthy subjects, demonstrating considerable improvements in parametric maps when compared to no motion correction. |
| 4386 | Computer 11
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Confounding Factors in Breast Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting: B1+, Slice Profile and Diffusion Effects |
1Philips Research Europe, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 2Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 3Philips Research Europe, Hamburg, Germany |
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In this study, we evaluate the effect of three potentially confounding factors (B1+ inhomogeneity, slice profile, diffusion) on the outcome of 2D Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting measurements in the female breast for six healthy volunteers. Each of these factors was included into an MRF dictionary and matching results were compared to a reference dictionary that excluded the correction. For the given MRF sequence, both B1+ inhomogeneity and slice profile correction affected the quantitative relaxation times in the female breast, whereas this was not the case for diffusion. |
| 4387 | Computer 12
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A Protocol for Comprehensive Quantitative 3D Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) Cones MR Imaging of the Knee Joint with Motion Correction |
1Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, 3Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States |
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We propose a protocol for comprehensive quantitative 3D UTE-Cones imaging of the knee joint with motion correction. The protocol includes 3D UTE-Cones actual flip angle imaging (UTE-Cones-AFI) for T1 measurement, UTE-Cones with variable TEs for T2* measurement, UTE-Cones with adiabatic T1ρ preparation for AdiabT1ρ measurement, and UTE-Cones-MT for measuring MTR and modeling of macromolecular fraction (f) for various knee joint tissues including the cartilage, menisci, ligaments, tendons and muscle. An elastix motion registration method was used for motion correction. In our study, three knee specimens and 15 volunteers were evaluated. Mean and standard deviation of the measurements for various knee joint tissues are reported. |
| 4388 | Computer 13
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Free-running 3D Radial Myocardial T1 Mapping using Self-Calibrating GRAPPA Operator Gridding for Accelerated Iterative Reconstruction |
1School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Free-running 3D radial (kooshball) sampling is suitable for fast and self-navigated whole-heart cardiovascular imaging. However, iterative undersampled 3D radial reconstruction requires computational demanding gridding/regridding steps in each iteration, which leads to long reconstruction time and may limit the applications of this imaging strategy. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of accelerating iterative reconstruction for a free-running 3D myocardial T1 mapping sequence using GRAPPA Operator Gridding (GROG)-based pre-reconstruction interpolation. Image quality and T1 estimation accuracy of the accelerated GROG-based reconstruction were compared with conventional non-uniform FFT (NUFFT)-based reconstruction in a standardized phantom and five healthy subjects. |
| 4389 | Computer 14
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Efficient Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Popliteal Artery Wall |
1Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, new york, NY, United States, 2Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States |
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The objective of this study was to develop and optimize the pulse sequence and post-processing for an efficient and high quality QSM of the popliteal artery wall. We showed that high quality QSM could be achieved in 4 minutes without the need for cardiac gating. |
| 4390 | Computer 15
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Development of a 3D UTE MP2RAGE sequence for mouse pulmonary T1 mapping at 7T |
1CNRS - Univ. Bordeaux, CRMSB UMR 5536, Bordeaux Cedex, France, 2INSERM, LAMC INSERM U1029, Pessac, France, 3CNRS - Univ. Bordeaux, IMB UMR5251, Talence, France |
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The 3D Magnetization Prepared 2 Gradient Echo (MP2RAGE) sequence is very useful to obtain high contrasts between brain tissues and between metastases and the surrounding healthy brain at high clinical magnetic fields (≥3T). In order to apply this sequence for the detection and T1 mapping of lung metastases in mice at 7T, major modifications were done. We developed an ultra-short echo time (UTE) MP2RAGE sequence by replacing the Cartesian encoding by a radial one. This encoding enables (i) to shorten echo time to less than 0.1ms and consequently obtain lung T1 maps; and (ii) to track respiration motion through a self-gating strategy to evaluate the displacements of the metastases due to breathing. |
| 4391 | Computer 16
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Model Based Analysis of Complex Difference Images for Measuring Diameters and Velocities of Penetrating Arteries |
1Department of Radiology and BRIC, Univeristy of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States |
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Pathological changes of penetrating arteries (PAs) may be an important contributing factor of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Measurement of PA flow velocity and diameter with phase contrast (PC) MRI remains challenging due to the presence of strong partial volume effects. Here we propose model-based analysis of complex difference (MBAC) images to quantify diameter and velocity of PAs. We demonstrated the accuracy of the MBAC method with simulation and phantom studies. In vivo PA diameter and velocity were obtained for the first time. The MBAC method may serve as a useful tool for understanding the etiopathogenesis of SVD. |
| 4392 | Computer 17
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MR Relaxivity Mapping using multi-dimensional integrated (MDI) complex signal ratio |
1UIH America, Inc., Houston, TX, United States |
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A novel relaxivity mapping method for MR transverse relaxivity mapping (e.g. T2*) is proposed and demonstrated. By extracting an overall complex signal ratio by means of multi-dimensional integration (MDI) , our method offers significantly improved SNR and homogeneous parametric mappings. With MDI, no explicit multi-channel combination operation is required, and calculation efficiency is extremely high for inline calculation. |
| 4393 | Computer 18
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Spine Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Using In-Phase Echoes to Initialize the Nonconvex Optimization Problem of Fat-Water Separation (R2*-IDEAL) |
1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 2Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States |
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This work aims to investigate the initializations of R2* and field maps in R2*-IDRAL for developing a robust quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in the spine. A 3D multi-echo GRE sequence was implemented to acquire out-phase and in-phase (IP) echoes in 10 subjects. The R2* and background field maps estimated by fitting the magnitude and phase of IP echoes were used to initialize R2*-IDEAL to obtain final R2*, field, water, and fat maps. The final field map was further processed to generate QSM. The results demonstrated that IP initializations of R2* and field in R2*-IDEAL provide robust QSM of the spine. |
| 4394 | Computer 19
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Quantitative Transport Mapping (QTM): a new AIF-free perfusion technique to distinguish malignant and benign breast lesions |
1Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, 3Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States |
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Quantitative perfusion imaging is challenging in the breast because the requisite arterial input function (AIF) is difficult to measure given the lack of large-caliber feeding arteries. To overcome this problem, we show that quantitative transport mapping (QTM), a new AIF-free perfusion model, is not only technically feasible in the breast, but has the potential to better distinguish malignant from benign breast lesions compared to conventional perfusion modeling. |
| 4395 | Computer 20
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Texture analysis of multi-phase magnetic resonance images to discriminate expression of Ki67 in hepatocellular carcinoma |
1Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China |
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Aims: This study aimed to determine whether texture analysis of preoperative magnetic resonance images could predict expression of Ki67 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods: 83 patients confirmed HCC were included. Texture analysis on 3.0 Tesla MR Unit included histogram, co-occurrence matrix, run-length matrix, gradient, auto-regressive model, and wavelet transform features as calculated by MaZda software. Results: HCC with higher Ki67 label index tend to display a lower differentiation pattern. Larger tumors usually had higher Ki67 label index. Texture parameters generated from arterial phase imaging was the most frequently significant correlation. Conclusions: Texture analysis could be used to discriminate Ki67proliferation status in HCC. |
| 4396 | Computer 21
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Free-Breathing 3D T1 Mapping of the Whole-Heart Using Low-Rank Tensor Modeling |
1Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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T1 of the myocardium is an emerging quantitative biomarker for a variety of heart diseases. However, |
| 4397 | Computer 22
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Diagnostic performance of chemical shift in/opposed phase (IOP) and fat-fraction to evaluate the presence of intra-tumoral fat in HCC |
1Department of Radiology, The third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 2The third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 3Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, W, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, Madison, WI, United States |
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. Previous studies have |
| 4398 | Computer 23
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DeepBLESS: learning inverse Bloch equations for rapid prediction of myocardial relaxation parameters |
1Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 4Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Bloch equation simulation provides accurate estimation of soft tissue relaxation parameters for many applications. To speed up using Bloch equation for relaxation parameter estimation, we propose a general approach - deep learning with Bloch equation simulations (DeepBLESS) - to learn inverse Bloch equation for rapid myocardial relaxation parameter prediction. Using the Modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence and a self-designed simultaneous radial T1 and T2 mapping sequence as examples, we demonstrated that DeepBLESS was adaptive to heart rate variation with good estimation accuracy and precision while reducing the inline computation time compared to the conventional Bloch-equation-based approaches. |
| 4399 | Computer 26
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Direct Myelin Volume Fraction Mapping with Correction for Magnetization Transfer and Diffusion Effects Using a Four-pool White Matter Model |
1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
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We propose an accelerated myelin water fraction (MWF) imaging technique that employs wave encoding combined with double inversion-recovery weighting (wave-CAIPI |
| 4400 | Computer 27
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Accelerating Multi-Echo GRASE with CAIPIRINHA for Fast and High-Resolution Myelin Water Imaging |
1Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 4Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany |
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Impaired myelin plays a central role in a wide range of degenerative brain diseases. A method for non-invasive and in vivo assessment of myelin content within clinically acceptable acquisition times is thus desirable. In this work, a 3D multi-echo gradient and spin-echo (GRASE) sequence was accelerated with CAIPIRINHA to achieve high-resolution and whole-brain myelin imaging in less than ten minutes. Myelin water fraction (MWF) maps were derived from multi-echo GRASE data in a cohort of healthy subjects and values proved to be consistent with MWF maps computed from a conventional multi-echo spin-echo acquisition. |
| 4401 | Computer 28
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A fast, joint sparsity constraint algorithm for improved myelin water fraction mapping |
1TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2Philips, Hamburg, Germany, 3Philips Research Europe, Hamburg, Germany |
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A new method for myelin water fraction mapping from multi-echo spin echo data using a joint sparsity constraint is proposed, which is faster than previously proposed methods. This method is based on the assumption that the T2 spectrum is sparse and consists of a common small set of discrete relaxation times for all voxels. The method finds an estimation of the flip angle inhomogeneity map from the data itself, to remove the bias caused by B1 inhomogeneities. The proposed method is compared to state of the art MWF approaches in 3T brain measurements. |
| 4402 | Computer 29
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Non-negative least squares fitting of multi-exponential T2 decay data: Are we able to accurately measure the fraction of myelin water? |
1Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 4Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 5Lund University, Lund, Sweden |
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The ability to determine the myelin water fraction (MWF) in vivo is essential to assessments of neurodevelopmental myelination and myelin damage in neurodegenerative diseases. The analysis of multi-exponential T2 decay data relies on the non-negative-least-squares (NNLS) fitting, which may be sensitive to the chosen fitting parameters. We performed simulations to explore the outcomes of NNLS under different parameter selection. The lowest allowed T2 was found to have the largest effect on correctly estimating the T2 of different water pools as well as the MWF. Lower refocusing FAs led to further underestimation of the MWF. |
| 4403 | Computer 30
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Myelin Water Fraction Estimation using Small-Tip Fast Recovery MRI |
1Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 2Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States |
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Myelin water fraction (MWF) is a good biomarker for myelin content. Traditional methods for acquiring MWF maps require long scan times. Recent work has estimated MWF from faster steady-state scans. In this work, we propose to acquire MWF maps from an optimized set of small-tip fast recovery (STFR) scans that can exploit resonance frequency differences between myelin water and the slow-relaxing water compartment. |
| 4404 | Computer 31
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Myelin Water Imaging Profiles Along White Matter Tracts |
1School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 4Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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Myelin water fraction (MWF) maps are spatially noisy. Here we investigated a possible inherent spatial structure of MWF values along diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived white matter (WM) tracts in 41 healthy subjects. Sixteen major fibre bundles were extracted and MWF was computed in sub-segments along each fibre tract and compared to surrounding voxels. MWF values were more spatially coherent along fibre bundles than elsewhere. The profile along the trajectory of fibre bundles estimated subjects’ age more accurately than tract-averaged MWF. We conclude that the spatial MWF distribution in WM consistently follows a distinct pattern along underlying fibre bundles across subjects. |
| 4405 | Computer 32
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Single-point macromolecular proton fraction mapping at 7T in healthy and demyelinated mouse brain |
1Aix-Marseille Univ. CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France, 2Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube, FMTS, Strasbourg, France |
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Assessment of myelin content in the brain is essential for monitoring pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. Quantitative MRI methods including quantitative magnetization transfer imaging (qMTI) have been employed in animal and human studies to assess demyelination processes. Animal studies have reported high correlations between myelin content and the macromolecular proton fraction (MPF), a metric derived from qMTI. The single-point MPF mapping method requires the acquisition of a single MT-weighted image, hence reducing protocol scan duration. In this work, we propose the adaptation of this method at 7T in a study involving healthy and demyelinated mice. |
| 4406 | Computer 33
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Development of quantitative water content mapping in human brain at high magnetic field |
1Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan |
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The method for quantitative water content mapping
of a human brain at high magnetic field was proposed. We demonstrated that B1-
is proportional to B1+ in a uniform area even on a nonuniform image
measured at 4.7T. B1-s of the reference phantom and a human brain
can be compared by measurable B1+s in uniform areas and water
content of human brain can be computed from that comparison. Our method was
validated in the experiments of the mixture phantom of H2O and D2O. Quantitative
water content maps of human brains were obtained by our method. |
| 4407 | Computer 34
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Global relaxometry and volumetry of the brain using synthetic MR: possible implications for the neurobiology of human brain ageing in healthy adults |
1Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China, 2GE Healthcare, Beijing, China |
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Synthetic MR is an emerging technique capable of providing quantitative relaxation maps and conventional contrast weighted images simultaneously. This study aims to study the relaxation and volumetric characteristics in the ageing process with synthetic MRI. We found volume is a primary metrics for assessing brain ageing and relaxometry may provide additional quantitative biomarkers and possible implications for studying brain ageing. |
| 4408 | Computer 35
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Fast multiparametric imaging in the brain using a stationary balanced steady state cartesian approach |
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2AMT Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland, 3MIAC AG, Basel, Switzerland |
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We propose a multiparametric balanced steady-state 3D Cartesian sequence that exploits model based and pattern matching reconstruction strategies for a series of 20 flip angles and repetition times, allowing for the simultaneous quantification of B0, B1+, T1, T2, and proton density. Time-varying signal patterns at the steady state are reached that allow for the acquisition of unique signal patterns in each image voxel for any acquisition scheme. We show the feasibility of our technique in-vivo in the human brain in 11 minutes, here with Cartesian acquisition and no acceleration strategies. |
| 4409 | Computer 36
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Improving quantification accuracy in whole brain high spatial resolution 3D kinetic mapping: Development of a novel dual temporal resolution DCE-MRI technique |
1Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 2Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS foundation trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom |
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Mapping microvascular parameters from DCE MRI traditionally requires a compromise between temporal resolution, spatial resolution, and volume coverage. This study developed a dual-temporal-resolution-based analysis method which concatenates acquired high temporal (HT) and high spatial (HS) tissue contrast agent concentration curves into a unified HTHS merged volume and then pixel-by-pixel reconstructed the HT first pass concentration curve to a HS resolution before undertaking kinetic analysis. In vivo assessment of this method was undertaken in 12 patients with neurofibromatosis type II, and demonstrated the potential of the new method to provide high spatial resolution kinetic map with HT comparable accuracy and quality. |
| 4410 | Computer 37
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High-resolution 3D T1 and T2 Mapping in the Brain Using Compressed Sensing and Dictionary Fitting |
1Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 4Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany |
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Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) aims at directly measuring physical tissue properties to be more independent from technical influences. However, parameter mapping is often long and 2D-based. In this work, we propose a protocol for 3D brain T1 and T2 mapping accelerated by compressed sensing. To improve T2 accuracy, we also implemented a T1-informed T2 dictionary fitting technique. Preliminary results showed the ability of the protocol to provide T1 and T2 maps at a 1x1x1.2mm3 resolution in 14:05min as well as the accuracy of the mapping. Establishing a fast 3D protocol will enable generating high-resolution atlases as a next step. |
| 4411 | Computer 38
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Effects of acquisition and compressed sensing reconstruction parameters on 3D-QALAS multi-parameter quantitation and synthetic imaging of the brain |
1Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States, 2SyntheticMR, Linkoping, Sweden, 3GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, United States, 4Department of Radiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States |
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3D QALAS is a promising new technique that simultaneously maps T1, T2, and PD in a single 3D acquisition. We investigate the robustness of this technique to several acquisition and compressed sensing reconstruction parameters in phantom and brain images. Parameter maps were shown to be robust to B1 through the center portion of the slab, while compressed sensing did not demonstrate any effects on parameters in phantom or cause additional artifacts on parameter maps in human brain. 3D QALAS thus presents an attractive quantification method for therapy planning and tissue volume measurement applications. |
| 4412 | Computer 39
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Influence of SWI Sequences and QSM Reconstruction Methods on Measured Magnetic Susceptibility in Cerebral Veins |
1Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, 2Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany, 3Philips Healthcare, Hamburg, Germany |
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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has recently been used for assessing the cerebral oxygen metabolism. However, a systematic investigation on the most suitable imaging parameters and reconstruction algorithms for determining the venous susceptibility values is missing. Therefore, we investigated both, the impact of flow compensation and accelerated acquisition as well as different reconstruction methods on measured venous susceptibility. Our results suggest that the choice of reconstruction technique can significantly influence the venous susceptibility values while the investigated imaging parameters did not considerably affect its accuracy. Thus, the applied QSM reconstruction technique has to be considered carefully when quantifying the venous oxygenation. |
| 4413 | Computer 40
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Improving T2 and B1 parametric estimation in the brain with multi spin-echo MR and fusion bootstrap moves solver (FBMS) |
1ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico – Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, 2Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Multi spin-echo (MSE) sequences have been prescribed for efficient T2 mapping. This can be further improved by matching to pre-computed echo-modulation curves (EMC). Previous use of this method to estimate T2 and B1 resulted in bias in the latter. We investigated the possibility to improve B1 by taking advantage of its spatial smoothness, using a fusion bootstrap moves solver (FBMS). The two methodologies were compared using a numerical phantom and in-vivo brain data. While T2 estimation was accurate and equivalent, B1 accuracy was improved using the FBMS. Future work is required to tune the regularization parameters of the FBMS algorithm. |
| 4414 | Computer 41
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To Evaluate Effect of SENSE and CSENSE on Quantitative T1 and T2 mapping of Human Brain |
1Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, 2AIIMS, New Delhi, India, 3Philips India Limited, Gurugram, India, 4University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 5Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, India, 6Philips Health Tech Asia Pacific, Tokyo, Japan |
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Parallel-imaging and compressed-sensing based approaches are playing crucial role in accelerating MRI data acquisition. Objective of the study was to accelerate the data acquisition of T1, T2 and PD-weighted TSE images and to evaluate the accuracy of T1 and T2 mapping in the human brain. Data was acquired using SENSE parallel-imaging and Compressed-SENSE technique for different factors as well as without any acceleration. T1 and T2 values obtained using data with SENSE (upto factor of 3) and CSENSE (upto factor of 6) were comparable to those acquired without any acceleration. Errors in T1 and T2 increased with increase in acceleration factor. |
| 4415 | Computer 42
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Four angle method for accurate and rapid clinical high-resolution whole-brain mapping of longitudinal relaxation time and proton density with B1 inhomogeneity correction |
1National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States |
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Changes in longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and proton density (PD) are sensitive markers of microstructural damage associated with different neurological conditions including myelin degradation, axonal loss, inflammation, and edema. In this study, we propose an accurate and rapid approach to mapping T1 and PD with B1 inhomogeneity correction. This four angle method (FAM) is based on the use of four images acquired with different flip angles and short repetition times using the spoiled-gradient recalled-echo sequence available on all preclinical and clinical MRI machines. The accuracy and ease of implementation of the FAM renders it of great potential for clinical investigations. |
| 4416 | Computer 43
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Towards in-vivo voxel-wise parcellation of human brain cortex |
1Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia |
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The research aims to establish the feasibility of developing an automated method for in vivo voxel-wise parcellation of the human brain cortex. We combined our previously proposed residual analysis Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) approach with supervised classification. We show that extraction of a feature vector from a patch of voxels about a voxel of interest improves prediction accuracy by about 10%, as measured using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) metric. Our approach leads to an increase in the prediction accuracy rate for areas of distinct microstructural heterogeneity, such as the primary motor cortex. |
| 4417 | Computer 44
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Variable Rates Undersampling Scheme for Fast brain T1ρ mapping |
1Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, 2Research center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China |
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T1ρ mapping requires several T1ρ-weighted images with different spin lock times to obtain the T1ρ maps, resulting in a long scan time.Compressed sensing has shown good performance in fast quantitative T1ρ mapping. In this work, we developed a variable acceleration rates undersampling strategy to reduce the scan time. A signal compensation with low-rank plus sparse model was used to reconstruct the T1ρ-weighted images. Specifically, a feature descriptor was used to pick up useful features from the residual images. Preliminary results show that the proposed method achieves a 5.76-fold acceleration and obtain more accurate T1ρ maps than the existing methods. |
| 4418 | Computer 45
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Fast and whole-brain T2* mapping using QUTE-EPI at 7T |
1Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany, 2Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany, 3JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany, 4Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany |
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Quantification of T2* relaxation time is of great interest as knowledge of it can be used for clinical diagnosis or optimisation of MR imaging parameters. A typical approach to quantify T2* is to acquire multi-echo data. Although this approach is effective, it still requires a substantial acquisition time for whole-brain coverage. This work aims to employ quantitative echo-planar imaging (QUTE-EPI) at 7T for fast and whole-brain T2* mapping. The performance of QUTE-EPI was directly compared to that of a conventional multi-echo gradient-echo sequence (MEGE). The estimated T2* values were quantitatively analysed for the regions of grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM). |
| 4419 | Computer 46
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Joint T1 and T2 Mapping with Tiny Dictionaries and Subspace-Constrained Reconstruction |
1Biomed NMR, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany, 2Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany, 3partner site Göttingen, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Goettingen, Germany |
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Dictionaries as used in multi-parametric mapping are typically very large in size, take long to compute, and scale exponentially with the number of parameters. Here, we break the bond between dictionary size and representation accuracy by two modifications: First, we approximate the Bloch-response manifold by piece-wise linear functions, and second, we allow the sampling grid to be refined adaptively depending on the precision needed. Phantom and in vivo studies demonstrate efficient multi-parametric mapping with tiny dictionaries and subspace-constrained reconstruction. The presented method preserves accuracy and precision with dictionaries reduced in size by a factor of 10 and beyond. |
| 4420 | Computer 47
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T1 Mapping at 7T Using a Novel Inversion-Recovery Look-Locker 3D-EPI Sequence |
1German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, 2High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, 3Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany, 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany |
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We propose a novel Inversion-Recovery Look-Locker 3D-EPI sequence for rapid T1 mapping. The inherent SNR benefit of a 3D acquisition, segmentation along both phase encode directions and a turbofactor introduced to reduce the number of required inversions can be traded freely for acquisition speed, SNR, resolution and geometric distortions. Aside from quantitative validation, two high-resolution T1 mapping applications are demonstrated at 7T: whole-brain with minimal distortions, and reduced field-of-view with geometric distortions matched to corresponding fMRI data. The results show high T1 accuracy for several turbofactor and flip angle combinations compared to a single-slice inversion-recovery 2D-EPI reference. |
| 4421 | Computer 48
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Fast quantitative susceptibility reconstruction via total field inversion with L0 norm approximation |
1Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China |
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a meaningful MRI technique owing to its unique relation to actual physical tissue magnetic properties. The reconstruction of QSM is usually decomposed into three sub-problems which are solved independently. Here, we propose a fast reconstruction method named as fast TFI based on total field inversion. It accelerates the total field inversion by using specially selected preconditioner and the advanced solution of weighted L0 regularization. Results from gadolinium phantom and in vivo data verified that the new method has good performance. |
| 4422 | Computer 49
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Six-direction diffusion tensor MRI using a convolutional neural network |
1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States, 2Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, 3Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is widely used for clinical neuroimaging and neuroscientific research but has traditionally suffered from relatively length acquisition. Here, we propose a new approach to obtain both scalar and orientational DTI metrics from six diffusion-weighted images with optimal directional encoding. Through the careful choice of diffusion directions, we compute initial tensor results that are then denoised using a convolutional neural network. Our results provide comparable scalar and orientational DTI metric maps to those acquired with 90 directions. |
| 4423 | Computer 50
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Silent 3D Parameter Mapping using Variable Flip Angle Looping Star |
1GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany, 2Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 3GE Healthcare, London, United Kingdom |
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This abstract presents a new method for silent and 3D parameter mapping, including proton density (PD) , T1, T2*, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), by combining Looping Star 3D silent T2*-weighted imaging with the concept of variable flip angle (VFA) PD and T1 mapping. |
| 4424 | Computer 51
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Three-dimensional motion correction in Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) |
1Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Pisa, Italy, 2IMAGO7 research Foundation, Pisa, Italy, 3Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 4Computer Science department, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, 5GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany, 6IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy |
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Two-dimensional MRF is considered to be less sensitive to in-plane motion than conventional imaging techniques. However, in scanning populations prone to rapid and extensive motion, challenges remain. Here, we suggest a two-step 3D MRF procedure that includes the correction of subject motion during the reconstruction. In the first step, we reconstruct the data in small segments consisting of images with equal contrast and calculate the between-segment motion. In the second step, we perform motion correction and use corrected images for matching with dictionary. This results in higher quality of reconstructed images and better precision of quantitative maps. |
| 4425 | Computer 52
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Motion-corrected and high-resolution anatomically-assisted (MOCHA) reconstruction of arterial spin labelling MRI |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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A MOtion-Corrected and High-resolution Anatomically-assisted (MOCHA) reconstruction framework is proposed for ASL MRI. The method simultaneously accounts and corrects for rigid motion and partial volume effects (PVE), and reduces noise by guided high-resolution anatomical MR images without any need for segmentation. The proposed method was compared with standard methods and a 3D linear regression (3DLR) correction method using realistic simulations and in-vivo data. Results show that MOCHA outperforms 3DLR not only in preservation of structural and local details, including simulated lesions, but also in PVE correction of deep grey matter structures, often subject to segmentation errors in conventional methods. |
| 4426 | Computer 53
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Deep Learning based motion artifact correction improves the quality of cortical reconstructions |
1Institute of Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, los angeles, CA, United States |
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Cortical reconstruction is prone to failure without high quality structural imaging data. Here, motion simulation was performed on good quality structural MRI images and used to train a regression convolutional neural network to predict the motion-free images as the output. We show that performing retrospective motion correction using a convolutional neural network is able to significantly reduce the number of cortical surface reconstruction quality control failures. |
| 4427 | Computer 54
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Improved motion correction of submillimetre 7T fMRI time series with boundary-based registration (BBR) |
1MRC-Cognition and Brian Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom |
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Here, we present a novel approach of utilizing Boundary-Based Registration for realigning submillimetre 7T fMRI time series. We collected fMRI data from 6 human participants and processed the data using either standard rigid body realignment using SPM or our BBR realignment method. We compared the two pre-processed datasets with multiple metrics (tSNR, fCNR and percentage of variance explained by the model) and show that realigning using BBR consistently outperforms conventional methods. |
| 4428 | Computer 55
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A fast approach for simultaneous measurement of head motion and induced magnetic field changes using FID navigators |
1Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers, Lausanne, Switzerland, 4Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, 5LTS5, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Incorrect spatial encoding due to subject motion is a dominant source of artifacts in MRI. Even if changes in head pose are measured and corrected, motion-induced perturbations in the local magnetic field are a further source of image degradation, particularly for imaging at longer echo times and higher field strengths. We propose a fast approach for simultaneously measuring head motion and spatiotemporal B0 changes using FID navigators (FIDnavs) and simulation of the acquisition physics. Rigid-body motion and first-order field coefficients estimated from FIDnavs exhibit a high degree of agreement with ground-truth values in both phantom and volunteer experiments. |
| 4429 | Computer 56
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Robust retrospective correction of 3D golden-ratio radial MRI using electromagnetic tracking |
1Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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Radial MRI is intrinsically more robust to motion than Cartesian sampling; however, if large rotational motion occurs, the uniform sampling of conventional 3D radial acquisitions is disrupted and is difficult to recover retrospectively. The golden angle ratio has been used to generate a quasi-isotropic distribution of spokes over time in 2D, but is limited to fully correct for motion, which occurs in three dimensions. Extending the flexibility of golden-ratio spoke ordering to 3D radial sampling, combined with rigid-body motion tracking using electromagnetic sensors, enables robust retrospective correction by maintaining relatively uniform sampling, even in the presence of large-amplitude rotational motion. |
| 4430 | Computer 57
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Correction of Out-of-FOV Motion Artifacts using Convolutional Neural Network Derived Prior Image |
1Institute for Medical Imaging Technology (IMIT), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong university, Shanghai, China, 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States |
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This study presented a new motion correction algorithm with the incorporation of convolutional neural network (CNN) derived prior image to solve the out-of-FOV motion problem. A modified U-net network was developed by introducing motion parameters into the loss function. We assessed the performance of the proposed CNN-based algorithm on 1113 MPRAGE images with simulated oscillating and sudden motion trajectories. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional TV-based algorithm with lower NMSE and higher SSIM. Besides, robust reconstruction was achieved with even 20% data missed due to the out-of-FOV motion. |
| 4431 | Computer 58
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Non-contact measurement of head movements inside a 7 T Scanner using a 16-channel field camera |
1SPMIC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom |
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The extra-cranial magnetic field changes due to changes in head position have been measured in a 7T scanner using a 16-channel field camera and used to estimate the head movements. A partial least squares regression was used to identify the relationship between field changes and head position data that was simultaneously measured using an optical camera. By applying spherical harmonic spatial filtering to the field measurements it was possible to reduce the unwanted effect of chest movement in respiration, and to then predict head position changes with good accuracy. This provides a step forward towards a non-contact motion monitoring technique. |
| 4432 | Computer 59
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Simulation of external magnetic field changes due to head motion during 7 Tesla MRI scan |
1SPMIC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom |
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One potential method for monitoring the effects of head movement in the scanner consists of using a fixed array of field probes to measure field changes produced outside the head by small changes in head position and angulation. This method has the advantage of requiring neither attachment of markers or probes to the head, nor modification of the imaging sequence. Here, we use realistic head models to simulate the external field changes produced by typical head movements in a 7T scanner and use the results to explore the relationship between the magnetic field perturbation and changes in head position. |
| 4433 | Computer 60
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Markerless real-time motion correction for 2D RARE: reducing artefacts in clinical T2 and FLAIR MRI |
1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 4Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 5Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States |
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This study investigates high-frequency prospective motion correction (PMC) using markerless face tracking for artefact reduction in clinical T2 and FLAIR MRI. The FOV pose was corrected before the acquisition of each slice in PMC sequences and five subjects were scanned with 1:16 min T2, 4:55 min T2, and 1:50 min FLAIR protocols. The multi-slice segmented RARE sequences showed high sensitivity to changes in head position but use of PMC scans consistently recovered good image quality with higher image sharpness as measured by the Tenengrad metric. |
| 4434 | Computer 61
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Robust motion regression of resting-state data using a convolutional neural network model |
1Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, United States, 2University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States |
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The fluctuation introduced by head motion considerably confounds the interpretation of resting-state fMRI data. Specifying motion regressors without taking fMRI data itself into consideration may not be sufficient to model the impact of head motion. We proposed a robust and automated deep neural network (DNN) to derive motion regressors with both fMRI data and estimated realignment parameters considered. The results show that DNN-derived regressors outperform traditional regressors based on several quality control measurements. |
| 4435 | Computer 62
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High resolution 3D GRASE BLADE Arterial Spin Labelling sequence: evaluation of the performance with various level of motion: simulations and validation in volunteers and patients |
1University of Lyon, INSA, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Lyon, France, 2Siemens Healthcare SAS, Saint-Denis, France, 3Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany, 4University Bremen, Bremen, Germany, 5Mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany, 6Radiology Department, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France |
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In MRI, longitudinal acquisition protocols such as arterial spin labeling are susceptible to patient motion; this work focused on implementing 3D GRASE with BLADE readout trajectory as an alternative to Cartesian readout to increase robustness of sequence with regards to motion. Virtual data simulation and involuntary patient motion data were used to evaluate the performance of this approach with different levels of patient motion. Image reconstruction embedded with self-referenced custom rigid motion correction algorithm was developed and tested on both simulated and patient data. Results confirming superiority of SNR and motion correction capabilities offered by Blade strategy over Cartesian. |
| 4436 | Computer 63
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A novel, coil-integrated camera for prospective optical motion correction of brain imaging at 7T |
1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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The advancements in signal to noise ratio (SNR), contrast, and resolution enabled by high-field MR systems may visualize more nuanced brain anatomy and pathology. In order to translate these advancements to the discovery and clinical implementation of novel neuroimaging biomarkers, motion artifact resulting from requisite long scan times must be addressed. Here, we demonstrate a novel prospective optical motion tracking and correction system using a camera seamlessly integrated into the 7T Tx/Rx head coil. The integrated camera allows tracking of head motion by visualizing an optical marker on the forehead of human subjects in a 7T MR system. |
| 4437 | Computer 64
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Prospective motion correction for 2D slice-selective FISP-MRF in the brain using an in-bore camera system |
1Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany, 3CHUV, Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale, Lausanne, Switzerland |
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In contrast to motion artifacts in conventional MRI, which can often be identified by visual inspection, the effect can be more subtle in quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods such as Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF). Subject motion during qMRI scans can lead to altered parameter maps without affecting their morphologic appearance which limits the user’s possibility to assess the scan quality. One way to mitigate motion artifacts is to track the subject’s movement and prospectively correct for the motion. Here, we present results of applying prospective motion correction using an in-bore camera system for MRF. |
| 4438 | Computer 65
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Towards motion-robust MRI – Autonomous motion timing and correction during MR scanning using multi-coil data and a deep-learning neural network |
1GE Global Research, Herzliya, Israel, 2GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States |
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We propose a method for timing and correcting for rigid-body in-plane patient motion during an MRI scan. The motion is detected using differences between coil-intensity-corrected images from different coils in the receiver array together with the scan-order information. The method allows for the detection and timing of multiple movements during the scan. For each scan where motion was detected, k-space data are divided into different motion states, which are used as input to a deep neural network whose output is a motion-corrected image. The system shows promising results on MR data containing simulated and real motion. |
| 4439 | Computer 66
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Investigation of the impact of receive field sensitivity on motion corruption in 3D-EPI for fMRI |
1Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom |
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High temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) is crucial in fMRI to maximise functional sensitivity. The use of high-density receiver arrays can greatly improve tSNR and enables parallel imaging, a requirement for imaging with high spatial resolution while maintaining reasonable scan times. The 3D-EPI approach enables through plane acceleration but at the cost of increased motion sensitivity. Here we explore the impact of rapidly varying sensitivity fields on the degradation of tSNR in the presence of motion in the context of 3D-EPI. |
| 4440 | Computer 67
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Direct comparison of fat navigators and Moiré phase tracking for retrospective brain motion correction at 7T |
1LIFMET, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany, 3CUBRIC, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, United Kingdom, 4German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Magdeburg, Germany, 5Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany, 6Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany |
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Retrospective rigid body motion correction based on FatNavs or MPT motion information are directly compared. Both modalities significantly improve image quality of very high resolution anatomical images, but both suffer from drawbacks: rigid marker fixation during long scans for MPT and low temporal resolution for FatNavs. Quantitative analysis confirms these visual observations. |
| 4441 | Computer 68
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Prospective motion correction for compressed sensing 3D TSE sequence |
1Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, 2Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany |
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A compressed sensing 3D TSE Sequence prototype (CS-SPACE) was enhanced by prospective motion correction (PMC). For T1-weighted imaging this sequence uses a center-out trajectory along each echo train and sparser sampling with increasing distance from the center. Motion during such echo trains can result in unexpected image artifact behavior. In this work, we investigate whether for a particular echo train structure, a center-out trajectory and compressed sensing PMC can correct for motion artifacts. |
| 4442 | Computer 69
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Translational Motion Compensation for 3D FSE Parallel Imaging using Autocalibration Signals |
1Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands |
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Motion during scanning deteriorates MR image quality, especially in 3D fast spin echo (FSE) acquisitions which typically require long acquisition time, even with parallel imaging. Instead of prospective motion compensation which is often difficult to perform, we propose a retrospective translational motion compensation method using autocalibration signals. The proposed method estimates the motion by minimizing the GRAPPA prediction error of the motion corrected signal in the autocalibration signal region. In-vivo experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. |
| 4443 | Computer 70
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Video-based head motion assessment for improved quantitative neuroanatomy studies |
1Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States, 2Center for Brain Imaging, New York University, New York, NY, United States |
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In-scanner head motion systematically varies with age and diagnosis, and this motion causes bias in morphometric estimates derived from neuroanatomical MRI. There are currently no widely available methods for directly assessing head motion during acquisition of neuroanatomical sequences. In this project we developed a method for measuring head motion via analysis of video obtained from an in-scanner eye tracker. Data obtained from 5 healthy controls demonstrates the feasibility of the technique. The system has minimal set up requirements for subjects or MR technicians, which suggests the technique may be well suited to the young, elderly, or impaired populations in which participant compliance may be a problem. |
| 4444 | Computer 71
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Super-resolution reconstruction applied to neonatal MRI: multi-orientation vs through-plane slice shift MRI acquisition and segmentation |
1Radiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 2Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 3School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland |
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In this study, the super-resolution (SR) method is used to reconstruct high-resolution MRI volumes from multi-orientation and through-plane shift low-resolution neonatal MRI. Multi-orientation low-resolution images yield higher quality SR results than through-plane shift low-resolution images. SR reconstructed volumes and high-resolution volumes from the scanner are segmented with a morphology-based segmentation algorithm. Segmentation quality is similar between the SR reconstructed volume and the high-resolution volume. Since low-resolution acquisitions are faster, they are less prone to motion artifacts, and thus the reconstructed SR volumes are an alternative to lengthy high-resolution acquisitions. |
| 4445 | Computer 72
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Motion correction in Brain MR imaging using a Structure Light based Optical MOtion Tracking system (SLOMO) |
1School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Vascular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States |
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Motion artifact is an important challenge in MR imaging. Optical tracking based motion correction technique has been verified effective with the advantages of perfect accuracy, real-time performance and no effect on sequence and scan time. However, most traditional system need an additional Reflective Marker to trace and quantify the motion parameters, which complicated the scan procedure. Recently, our group proposed a markerless optical tracking solution(NORMS) and validated its ability in non-rigid motion detection and correction for carotid artery imaging. In this study, we aim to develop a parallel line Structure Light based Optical Motion Tracking system (SLOMO) to accurately correct rigid motion by acquiring the whole 3D surface. The results demonstrated the feasibility of SLOMO system in motion correction for brain imaging. |
| 4446 | Computer 73
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Improvement of Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) Imaging in a Rat Model of Epileptic Seizure Using Retrospective Motion Correction |
1Faculty of Health Sciences and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2Center for Bioimaging of New Drug Development, and MR Core Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3MR Core Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 4Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 5Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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GluCEST is a novel molecular MR imaging technique to detect glutamate in the brain parenchyma by measuring the exchange of glutamate amine protons with bulk water. However, a disadvantage of CEST imaging is the relatively long scan time required to collect the data while varying the resonance frequency around the water. In this abstract, we describe the application of a retrospective motion correction approach using a gradient-based motion correction (GradMC) algorithm to CEST data for investigating the feasibility of motion correction, using an epileptic seizure rat model with head motion. Our results clearly show that the GradMC can be used in CEST imaging to efficiently correct for motion. |
| 4447 | Computer 74
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Deep learning motion compensation for Cartesian and spiral trajectories |
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 2Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States |
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Movement of the subject during MRI acquisition causes image quality degradation. In this study we adopted a deep CNN to correct motion-corrupted brain images. To get paired training datasets, synthetic motion artifacts were added by simulating k-space data along different sampling trajectories. Quantitative evaluation showed that the CNN significantly improved the image quality. The spiral trajectory performed better than the Cartesian trajectory both before and after the motion deblurring. A network trained with an L1 loss function achieved better RMSE and SSIM than one trained with an L2 loss function after convergence. Overall, deep learning yields rapid and flexible motion compensation. |
| 4448 | Computer 75
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Deep learning based motion estimation from highly under-sampled EPI volumetric navigators |
1Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 2Department of Material Sciences and New Technologies, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, 3School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 4Department of Electrical and Computer System Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia |
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Dynamic EPI volumetric navigators are widely used to track head motion in MRI, and accurate motion estimation requires EPI volumes to be inserted in every several seconds or even less. However, the use of dynamic EPI volumes to track motion significantly degrades the overall data acquisition efficiency. To address this issue, in this work we introduce a deep learning based motion estimation method from highly under-sampled (i.e. acceleration factor of 16) EPI volumetric navigators. The method directly estimates motion parameters from the under-sampled data, and does not require reconstruction of images. |
| 4449 | Computer 76
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Fast Multi-Parametric Mapping Competition: MR Fingerprinting vs. Triple-Echo Steady State |
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Philips Research Europe, Hamburg, Germany |
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Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) and triple-echo steady-state (TESS) are two sequences that both allow for the simultaneous quantification of T1 and T2. While MRF relies on the transient response of tissue and noise-like under-sampling artifacts, TESS acquires the two lowest order SSFP-FIDs and the lowest order SSFP-Echo in the steady-state of a rapid, spoiled SSFP sequence. In this work, we compare the performance of the two sequences in a phantom study, where imaging parameters and total acquisition duration between the two scan techniques were matched. In addition, a slice-profile correction for TESS is proposed and included in the comparsion. |
| 4450 | Computer 77
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Experimental Validation of Augmented Fractional MR Fingerprinting |
1Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, 2Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, 3State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China, 4Research Center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China |
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Magnetic resonance fingerprinting is a time-efficient acquisition and reconstruction framework to provide simultaneous measurements of multiple parameters including the T1 and T2 maps. The accuracy of the mapping dictionary of MRF is very important for its clinical applications. In this work, we validated the dictionary performance of the augmented fractional order Bloch equations on MRF in the experimental phantom study. Representative results of experimental phantom demonstrate that the utilization of the augmented fractional model is able to improve the accuracy of the T1 and T2 values. |
| 4451 | Computer 78
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The impact of shorter acquisition time in MRF: Long term repeatability and reproducibility study on ISMRM/NIST phantom and volunteers. |
1Department of Radiological Technology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan, 2Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan, 3MR Research & Collaboration, SIEMENS Healthcare K.K., Tokyo, Japan, 4Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 5Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany |
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This study focused on the stability of MRF in a phantom and volunteers, and explored the feasibility of MRF with a shorter acquisition time. Phantom scans on 40 days and volunteer scans on 5 days over 3 months showed comparable repeatability and reproducibility of T1 and T2 values between MRF with acquisition times of 41 sec and 20 sec. Shorter acquisition time has the potential to expand the clinical usage of MRF. |
| 4452 | Computer 79
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Cross-system reliability for rapid quantitative MRI |
1SyntheticMR AB, Linköping, Sweden, 2Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping, Sweden |
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Absolute quantification of R1 and R2 relaxation rates and proton density PD has been gaining considerable attention in recent years. It is of utmost importance that these measurements entirely reflect patient properties and no influence is detectable on which specific MRI scanner system the quantitative maps were obtained. The SyMRI software was verified on Philips, GE and Siemens scanners at both 1.5T and 3T showing cross-system reliability. |
| 4453 | Computer 80
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Repeatability of T2 Relaxation Measurements over a Four-Year Period |
1Medical Sciences, Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2Seaman Family MR Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada, 3Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 4Calgary Image Processing and Analysis Centre (CIPAC), Seaman Family MR Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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The reliability of a T2 relaxation quantification technique was assessed by repeatedly scanning four subjects (total of 12 scans at 4 time points over 4 years). Both total, biological and scanner variability were assessed across the whole brain and in the frontal, occipital, parietal temporal lobes. Total variability (coefficient-of-variation CoV < 10.3%) was dominated by biological variation (CoV < 10.3%). Scanner variability was low (CoV < 1.6%) despite scanner software and hardware upgrades during this interval. These results suggest that quantitative T2 estimates are reproducible over 4 years and robust to scanner upgrades. |
| 4454 | Computer 81
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The traveling heads 2.0: Reproducibility of quantitative imaging methods at 7 Tesla |
1Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, 2High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany, 3Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 4Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, 5Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany, 6German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, 7Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, 8High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 9Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, 10Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany |
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The “traveling heads” is a study to assess the comparability and reproducibility of multicenter human brain imaging at 7T. In previous experiments, we compared typical UHF sequences for structural brain imaging. In this study, we focus on the reproducibility of quantitative imaging and compare methods for volumetry, relaxometry, QSM and CEST between different sites. In addition, three generations of 7T MR systems are compared, i.e. the older installed base consisting of passively and actively shielded magnets of the first and second generation, respectively, as well as the most recent generation which has been approved as a medical device. |
| 4455 | Computer 82
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Knee T2 relaxometry using quantitative DESS: reproducibility across imaging vendors |
1Philips Healthcare North America, Gainesville, FL, United States, 2Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 4Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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T2 is a promising MR-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA). Studies have shown that quantitative DESS (qDESS) is capable of performing simultaneous knee morphometry and T2 relaxometry. In this study, we investigate the cross-vendor reproducibility of knee T2 relaxometry using qDESS. By comparing measured cartilage and meniscus T2 values in volunteers scanned on both Philips 3T and GE 3T scanners, we show that qDESS has good intra-vendor scan-rescan repeatability (CCC = 99.2% and 98.8% ) and cross-vendor reproducibility (CCC=96.3%). With continued effort, we hope to show that qDESS T2 relaxometry can serve as a reliable clinical biomarker for early OA diagnosis. |
| 4456 | Computer 83
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Inter-site Reproducibility of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting T1 and T2 Quantification in the ISMRM/NIST MRI System Phantom and Human Heart |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada, 3Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (cMRF) is a novel technique for simultaneous T1 and T2 quantification in the myocardium. Because cMRF has the potential to take heart rate variations and any variable system properties into account, it is hypothesized that cMRF will enable more reproducible measurements of T1 and T2. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter-site reproducibility of cMRF. Excellent agreement of cMRF measurements between two sites (University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, US and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, CA) was achieved in the ISMRM/NIST phantom and in the hearts of healthy subjects. |
| 4457 | Computer 84
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Exploring the sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting to k-space trajectory uncertainties |
1Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, 2Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy, 3Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York, NY, United States, 4Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York, NY, United States, 5New York University School of Medicine, The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, United States |
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In this work, we experimentally explore the sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) to k-space trajectory uncertainties typically encountered in non-cartesian imaging. We demonstrate that T1 and T2* quantification can be affected by minor gradient delays observed in stack-of-stars 3D MRF implementations, particularly resulting in severely disrupted T2* measures. As a first approximation, we modeled these imperfections as constant readout sampling shifts of a few integer k-space steps along every trajectory direction. We show that by simply shifting back the nominal sampling locations before the reconstruction can restore reliable MRF parametric estimates. |
| 4458 | Computer 85
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Three-dimensional, fast parameter mapping at 7.0T with SSFP MR Fingerprinting: comparison of radial and spiral projections k-space trajectories |
1Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance - IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation and IMAGO7 Foundation, Pisa, Italy, 22Department of Computer Science, Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany;, Munich, Germany, 3University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 4GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany |
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When using ultra-high field MRI scanners (UHF, B0>= 7T), quantitative imaging is challenging due to B0 and B1+ non-uniformities. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) represents a great opportunity for quantitative imaging at UHF as it can estimate these effects at the same time of the parameters of interest. Here, we compare two novel 3D SSFP MRF approaches, one based on a three-dimensional spiral projection acquisition and one using a radial acquisition in vivo at 7.0T. We estimate M0, T1, T2 and B1+ simultaneously at high resolution (1mm isotropic) within 6.5 minutes acquisition time. |
| 4459 | Computer 86
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T1 mapping with golden-angle radial sampling: A comparison of direct and indirect reconstruction |
1Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, 2Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom |
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The purpose of the study is to compare a direct model-based reconstruction with an indirect compress sensing reconstruction for the estimation of T1-map, from simulated radial sampled datasets. Comparisons are performed for the binning strategy that is optimal in each case as measured by T1-errors. The direct reconstruction solves the nonlinear-least-squares optimization problem with a gradient-based L-BFGS algorithm without regularization, while for the indirect method the images are reconstructed using the iGRASP technique. The accuracy for both methods is similar, however the computational time of the model-based reconstruction is a limiting factor for clinical applications. |
| 4460 | Computer 87
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Information Quantification of Subsequent Acquisitions for Minimizing Synthetic MRI Reconstruction Uncertainty |
1Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States |
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A mutual information-based mathematical framework is developed to quantify the information content of various acquisition parameters and subsampling approaches. A recursive conditional formulation quantifies information content given previous acquisitions. This framework is applied to 3D QALAS. Mutual information between reconstructed M0, T1, and T2 uncertainty and measurement noise is calculated for an in silico phantom and the results applied to measurements on a System Standard Model 130 phantom. Reconstructions from these measurements demonstrate the potential use of information theory in guiding pulse sequence design to maximize reconstruction quality. |
| 4461 | Computer 88
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The in vivo impact of diffusion spoiling on the estimate of T1 using spoiled gradient echoes with variable flip angles |
1Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, 2School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Incomplete spoiling of the transverse MRI signal causes errors in the T1 time estimated from variable flip angle measurements acquired with spoiled gradient-echo images. Diffusion spoiling is thought to lessen these effects. However, these conclusions are based on phantom experiments, using very long T2 times, or from in vivo simulation using infeasibly strong diffusion spoiling. Here we perform simulation and in vivo experiments to characterise the impact of diffusion spoiling in the short T2, low spoiling regime. We show that even under these conditions, diffusion spoiling reduces the dependence of the estimated T1 on both the phase-increment and the transmit field. |
| 4462 | Computer 89
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Robust quantitative T1rho imaging in the presence of B1 RF and B0 field inhomogeneities |
1Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2Philips Healthcare, Hong Kong, China |
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T1rho is a valuable biomarker to probe macromolecular environment of tissue. However, T1rho imaging suffers from B1 RF and B0 field inhomogeneities. In this work, we present an approach to address this problem. The performance of our proposed method was demonstrated by simulations, phantom and in vivo experiments. |
| 4463 | Computer 90
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MR imaging of a 3D-printed bioreactor with a dedicated radiofrequency coil for cellular level validation of quantitative MR metrics |
1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States, 2Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States |
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Quantitative MRI methods have the potential to push the clinical standard of care towards quantitative diagnosis. However, controlled systems are needed to study the effects of underlying cellular properties on the MRI signal to validate quantitative MRI measures. To meet this need, our group previously developed an MR-compatible bioreactor to monitor cell behavior using MRI validated with optical microscopy. The present work develops a dedicated RF coil for improved MR imaging of the bioreactor and uses it to explore the effects of cell culture on T1 and T2 in our system. |
| 4464 | Computer 91
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Assessment and optimisation of bias field correction using N4ITK for PD mapping |
1UCL, London, United Kingdom, 2KCL, London, United Kingdom |
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Proton density (PD) maps measure the amount of free water molecules in the tissue and can be used in a range of neurological disorders. We previously developed a new approach for PD mapping based on a multi-contrast acquisition protocol, and a data-driven estimation method for inhomogeneity correction and map scaling. Here we evaluate the robustness of the inhomogeneity correction method and its effect on the PD value estimation using data acquired with different receiver coils. This allowed us to assess the impact of the spatial variability of the receiver coil profile on the PD map. |
| 4465 | Computer 92
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Performance comparison of channel combination methods for multi-echo chemical shift-encoded MRI |
1Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Global Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, United States, 4Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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Many coil combination methods have been developed, including methods that require pre-calibrated coil sensitivity maps, as well as methods that do not require additional sensitivity maps. Several of these methods have been adapted to CSE-MRI, where accurate signal combination is particularly critical as it needs to preserve consistent phase and magnitude information across echoes; however, their relative performance remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to compare theoretically, in simulation, and experimentally the bias and noise performance of quantitative parameter maps resulting from five commonly used coil multi-echo coil combination techniques. |
| 4466 | Computer 93
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Correlating the measured fast/slow decay components of tissue sodium to the intra-/extra-cellular sodium concentrations |
1University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, 2GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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We have developed two models (anisotropic-anisotropic (AAS) vs. anisotropic-isotropic (AIS) models) to correlate the measured fast/slow decay components of tissue sodium to the intra-/extra-cellular sodium concentrations. The models were evaluated based on theoretical and experimental results. Our results indicate that AAS model fits experimental data much better than AIS model does. |
| 4467 | Computer 94
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In-vivo cardiac DTI using motion compensated optimized diffusion encoding (MODE): A reproducibility study |
1Radiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States, 2Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States |
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Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is used to identify heterogeneous infarcted region by calculating ADC(apparent diffusion coefficient) and FA(fractional anisotropy). However, performing DWI in heart is very challenging because of heart motion. Earlier method used convex optimized diffusion encoding (CODE) to optimize diffusion encoding gradients (DEG) waveform. However, due to limitations of CODE waveforms, earlier we proposed motion compensated diffusion encoding (MODE) to achieve higher b-value for a given DEG duration. The aim of this study is to validate and assess the reproducibility of MODE technique in computing ADC and FA maps in healthy subjects. Preliminary results demonstrated good reproducibility using MODE. |
| 4468 | Computer 95
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Repeatability and Reproducibility of brain volume measurements with SPM and Freesurfer and their impact on subtle between-group differences |
1National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa, Italy, 2Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy, 3University of Sassary and INFN Cagliari Division, Sassari, Italy |
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The main aim of the study is to investigate whether the adoption of a processing method has a relevant influence on the results of a neuroimaging research. We evaluated the intra-method repeatability and the inter-method reproducibility of two widely-used automatic segmentation methods for brain MRI: FreeSurfer (FS) and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software packages. We segmented the gray matter, the white matter and the subcortical structures in test-retest MRI data of healthy volunteers from two publicly available datasets. High intra-method repeatability was found for both SPM and FS, but SPM was more consistent than FS in measuring ROIs volumes. |
| 4469 | Computer 96
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The Effect of Membrane Lipids on qMT Exchange Constants |
1The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel |
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Quantitative Magnetization Transfer(qMT) is a proposed method for deeper characterization of brain tissue. Yet, a connection between qMT parameters and the components of cellular tissue is required. Myelin is composed of various types of lipids, which their amount and composition are changed between brain areas, disease states and across the lifespan. In this work, we formulated liposomes to model the environment of abounded lipids in the human brain and systematically estimated their effect on qMT parameters. We found qMT technique useful to identify differences between lipids. This result can pave the way to future research the molecular environments of human tissue in-vivo. |
| 4470 | Computer 97
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Repeatability of radiomics features in double baseline MR imaging of glioblastoma |
1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States, 2Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, 3Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States |
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Extraction of radiomic features has to be repeatable in order to be clinically useful. We investigated the repeatability of radiomic feature extraction on a unique dataset consisting of a double baseline MRI scans in 48 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. Size and shape features which are mostly governed by tumor segmentation showed on average higher repeatability than intensity and texture-based features which are more dependent on image acquisition and preprocessing. More research on the influence of image acquisition and preprocessing on the repeatability and reliability of radiomic features has to be undertaken to make radiomics a safe image-analysis tool. |
| 4471 | Computer 98
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Influence of image processing on the robustness of radiomic features derived from magnetic resonance imaging - a phantom study |
1Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 2Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, 3Philips Healthcare Germany, Hamburg, Germany |
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The emerging field of |
| 4472 | Computer 99
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Repeatability of radiomic features for prostate cancer diffusion weighted imaging obtained using b-values up to 2000 s/mm2 |
1University of Turku, Turku, Finland, 2Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 3Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, 4Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States |
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We evaluated repeatability and diagnostic performance of commonly used radiomic features for prostate cancer (PCa) DWI obtained using b values up to 2000 s/mm2. Forty-eight men with diagnosed PCa under two repeated 3T MRI examinations performed on the same day. Whole mounts prostatectomy sections were manually matched with in-vivo MRI data. Fourteen of the evaluated 575 features demonstrated high repeatability with ICC(3,1)>0.9 and AUC(Gleason score 3+3 vs >3+3 PCa)>0.6. Many of the conventional radiomics feature demonstrate high AUC but low repeatability (low ICC(3,1) values)stressing the fact that high classification potential using single acquisition does not necessarily mean good overall performance. |
| 4473
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Computer 101
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Comparison of free-breathing motion-resolved radial imaging with standard breath-hold imaging on liver MRI: a feasibility study |
1Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, 2Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, 3GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, United States |
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Respiratory motion remains a major challenge in clinical abdominal MRI. Recent technical advances using continuous radial imaging during free-breathing and motion-resolved compressed sensing-based image reconstruction have demonstrated improvements in motion robustness over conventional motion-gated or motion-corrected techniques, but they were not validated for liver imaging. This work implemented extra-dimensional (XD) reconstruction for free-breathing RadialLAVA acquisitions and compared it against conventional breath-held CartesianLAVA. We demonstrate that the XD technique matches that, and in some instances, is superior to that of standard breath-hold technique in terms of overall image quality in the evaluation of post-contrast liver images. |
| 4474 | Computer 102
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Respiratory Motion Signals Extracted from 3D Image-Based Navigation and from PCA of SI-Projections: Initial Findings in Whole-Heart Imaging using a Free-Running Framework |
1Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 3Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland, 4LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland |
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In continuously acquired whole-heart coronary MRA, it is not fully understood how unitless respiratory self-gating signals relate to actual respiratory displacement and drift. Therefore, self-gating signals extracted from principal component analyses of 1D projections oriented in the superior-inferior (SI) direction were compared to image-based navigators. Whole-heart data from continuous uninterrupted 3D radial bSSFP acquisitions were used to reconstruct time series of 3D sub-images with a temporal resolution of 0.6 seconds. Preliminary findings suggest that the SI-directed motion obtained from these sub-images is better described by respiratory self-gating signals created from three principal components rather than from one principal component alone. |
| 4475 | Computer 103
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DCE-Abdominal MR Image Registration using Convolutional Neural Networks |
1University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have had incredible success solving image segmentation problems. We explore whether CNNs could have a similar level of success on difficult image registration problems. To this end, we developed a modified U-net to remove respiratory motion, but preserve contrast changes in abdominal free breathing dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI. We then compared this network to a state of the art iterative registration algorithm. We demonstrate that our modified U-net outperforms iterative methods both in terms of registration quality and speed (600 registrations in <1 sec vs. Elastix in 2 hours) |
| 4476 | Computer 104
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Data Consistency Driven Correction of B0-Fluctuations in 2D and 3D Gradient-Echo MRI of the Spine |
1Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany |
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We demonstrate the data-consistency driven determination and correction of B0-fluctuations induced by respiratory motion in 2D and 3D gradient-echo images of the cervical spine. By promoting data-consistency in the multi-channel raw data, it is possible to estimate the instantaneous off-resonance. Furthermore, we demonstrate a marked improvement in image quality by correcting the k-space data using the measured B0-fluctuations. |
| 4477 | Computer 105
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Unraveling the effect of spatial resolution and scan acceleration on 3D image-based navigators for respiratory motion tracking |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Beat-to-beat 3D image-based navigators (3D iNAVs) enable nonrigid respiratory motion tracking of the heart. In this work, we study the accuracy of motion information extracted from 3D iNAVs with different choices of two parameters: spatial resolution and scan acceleration factor. We demonstrate that high spatial resolution coupled with aggressive scan acceleration results in residual blurring and aliasing following iterative reconstruction, which corrupts the derived motion estimates. Through simulations, we identify the optimal combination of spatial resolution and scan acceleration for acquiring 3D iNAVs. In vivo studies presenting sharp motion correction outcomes demonstrate a capability for monitoring motion with high fidelity. |
| 4478 | Computer 106
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Self-navigation Liver Respiratory Motion Correction Based on Deep Learning |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Correction of respiratory motion with 100% acquisition efficiency is of great significance for clinical abdominal imaging. In this study, we propose a novel self-navigation liver respiratory motion correction method for 3D radial sampling. This new approach is based on the fact that radial acquisition enables oversampled k-space center to extract motion-state signal and neural network can be used for data dimensionality reduction. Both regular and irregular hepatic breathing experiments were conducted and the proposed method has shown similar reconstruction image quality with bellow. |
| 4479 | Computer 107
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Free breathing & Ungated Multi-Slice cardiac cine MRI using spiral-SToRM |
1Electrical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, United States, 3Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa city, IA, United States, 4Healthcare, GE, Munich, Germany |
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The advantages of cardiac cine MRI are often limited by its long acquisition and breath-held requirement. To overcome these limitations, we have introduced a navigator based spiral SToRM to acquire free breathing and ungated cardiac cine MRI in a short acquisition time. Our algorithm is fully automated and does not depend on explicit binning. It gives improved image quality compared to the existing self-gated methods. Post-reconstructions, the time series can be processed to extract cardiac cycles at different respiratory phases, facilitating the estimation of anatomical and functional evaluation of the heart. |
| 4480 | Computer 108
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Navigator-less Spiral SToRM for Free breathing and Ungated Cardiac CINE MRI |
1Electrical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, United States, 2Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States |
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This study introduces an iterative kernel low-rank algorithm to recover images in a free breathing and ungated cardiac MRI dataset. The approach relies on the manifold structure of dynamic data to recover it from highly undersampled measurements. The data is acquired using variable density spiral acquisition. An iterative kernel low-rank algorithm is introduced to estimate the manifold structure of the images, or equivalently the manifold Laplacian matrix, from central k-space regions. Unlike previous manifold regularization implementations, the iterative algorithm, coupled with the non-Cartesian acquisitions, eliminates the need for dedicated navigators to estimate the manifold Laplacian, thus improving sampling efficiency.The iterative kernel low-rank algorithm facilitates the extension of manifold regularization to navigatorless spiral acquisitions, thus improving sampling efficiency. This algorithm provides improved reconstruction compared to the state of the art methods. |
| 4481 | Computer 109
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Motion Correction with a Model Target (MoCoMo): A universal approach for quantitative MRI? |
1Leeds Imaging Biomarkers Group, Biomedical Imaging Science Department, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, 2Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, 3Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, 4Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 5Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom |
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Motion correction with a model-target (MoCoMo) has been used in DCE-MRI to overcome the problem of changes in image contrast, but the method applies in principle to any other quantitative MRI method. The aim of this study is to demonstrate this hypothesis by applying the algorithm to renal DCE, DTI, T1 and T2-mapping in human subjects. The results show that MoCoMo is effective in removing even major motion effects in all 4 modalities and does not affect data where no motion is present. We conclude that MoCoMo is a suitable candidate for universal motion correction across all functional MRI modalities. |
| 4482 | Computer 110
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Free Breathing Radial Magnetic Resonance Elastography |
1Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States, 2Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany |
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Liver magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to this point has clinically relied on using breath holds to produce reliable artifact free images. Here we present initial work adapting recent advances in motion compensated abdominal imaging for use in MRE. Specifically, we take advantage of a golden angle radial sampling scheme combined with a self-navigation approach for motion correction to perform free breathing MRE of the liver. Resulting images show enhanced detail compared to the standard breath hold technique while producing comparable image stiffness values. |
| 4483 | Computer 111
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Deformable slice-to-volume registration for respiratory motion correction in abdominal and in-utero MRI |
1King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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This work introduces deformable slice-to-volume registration (DSVR) integrated into super-resolution reconstruction framework for correction of respiratory motion MRI. Using the initial estimation of respiratory motion as an input this method allows reconstruction of high-resolution volumes for specific respiratory positions using all slices. Based on diffeomorphic free-form deformation model, DSVR provides robust registration of deformable objects as well as out-of-plane motion correction. The feasibility of the method was successfully evaluated on a ‘motion-corrupted’ phantom and a free-breathing in-utero MRI scan. The results also indicated that the accuracy of spatial features in reconstructed volume is directly defined by the initial motion estimation. |
| 4484 | Computer 112
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Groupwise Non Rigid Registration For Temporal Myocardial Arterial Spin Labeling Images |
1Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, 2Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 3Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, 4Siemens Healthineers, Madrid, Spain |
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Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) enables quantitative measurement of myocardial blood flow (MBF) by averaging over multiple ASL pairs providing a voxelwise map in units of milliliters of blood per gram of tissue per minute (ml/g/min). However, its estimation accuracy in free breathing acquisitions depends critically on the quality of the image registration algorithm. In this work, a groupwise non-rigid registration method with a similarity measure based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to ASL images of the heart acquired during free breathing. The method was compared against a pair-wise registration algorithm provided by the advanced normalization tools software (ANTs). Results demonstrate the feasibility of using PCA-groupwise for temporal ASL image registration. |
| 4485 | Computer 113
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Reconstruction-based Super-Resolution for High-Resolution Abdominal MRI: A Preliminary Study |
1Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 4Department of Medical Physics, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom |
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Magnetic resonance (MR) |
| 4486 | Computer 114
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Self-navigated bulk motion detection for feed and wrap renal dynamic radial VIBE DCE-MRI |
1Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 4Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States |
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Dynamic Radial VIBE (DRV) DCE-MRI allows to image with sufficient spatio-temporal resolution for functional imaging of kidneys. However, fast movements of babies during the scan corrupt individual lines in k-space and severely compromise the quality of the reconstructed images and limits the clinical utility of non-sedated imaging. In this work, we evaluate a self-navigated bulk motion detection approach to identify these corrupted lines. We applied this approach on non-sedated infants undergoing feed-and-wrap DCE-MRI with DRV. Our results show that this approach correctly identifies the bulk motion and allows for post-processing correction of the DCE absorption curves. |
| 4487 | Computer 115
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Motion Correction Resolved for MRI via Multi-Tasking: A Simultaneous Reconstruction and Registration Approach |
1Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 4Cambridge University Hospitals, Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 5INSA Rouen, Laboratoire de Mathématiques, Normandie Université, Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France |
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The prolonged time required to form an MR image continues to impose different challenges at both theoretical and clinical levels. With this motivation in mind, this work addresses a central topic in MRI, which is how to correct the motion problem, through a new multitask optimisation framework. The significance is that by tackling the reconstruction and registration tasks $$$-$$$ simultaneously and jointly $$$-$$$ one can exploit their strong correlation reducing error propagations and resulting in a significant motion correction. The clinical potentials of our approach are reflected in having higher image quality with fewer artefacts whilst keeping fine details. We evaluate our approach through a set of quantitative and qualitative experimental results. |
| 4488 | Computer 116
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Free-breathing MRI of the upper abdomen assisted by motion modelling |
1Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Medical Physics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, 3Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 4NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom |
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This study demonstrates the use of motion modelling and super resolution reconstruction (SRR) to produce an isotropic 3D image of the upper abdomen during free breathing.
Sagittal and coronal 6 mm 2D slices are acquired throughout the volume of interest. The slices are repeated with sub-voxel offsets to facilitate SRR. An interleaved navigator slice is also acquired.
The navigator slice is processed with non-rigid registration and principal component analysis, to give two motion surrogate signals. These signals are used to control the motion model. The motion model and the SRR are jointly optimised using an iterative scheme. |
| 4489 | Computer 117
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A segmented ultra-short echo (UTE) sequence equipped with robustness to respiratory motion |
1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States, 2Siemens Healthineers, St. Louis, MO, United States |
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Synopsis |
| 4490 | Computer 118
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Effects of Image Registration in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI of the TMJ |
1Dept. of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 2Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, 3Dept. of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, 4Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic, 5Dept. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway, 6Dept. of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian university of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 7Dept. of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 8Norse, Bergen, Norway, 9Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, 10Dept. of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway |
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The effect of elastic and affine motion correction in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI ofthe temporomandibular joints in children is investigated. Imaging in children is particularly difficultdue to motion. This hampers DCE-MRI and pharmacokinetic estimations for their potentialdiagnostic value in these children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis with possible TMJ involvement.The relative enhancement curves obtained with different motion correction approaches arecompared with the curves calculated with the Gamma Capillary Transit Time model. It is found thatwhen image registration is applied, a greater number of participants can be analysed. The elasticmotion correction approach outperforms the affine approach. |
| 4491 | Computer 119
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Magnetic tracking of ECG sensors for respiratory motion correction |
1Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, 2U1254, INSERM, Nancy, France, 3FHNW/HLS/IMA, FHNW/HLS/IM2, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland |
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Monitoring the respiration motion is a crucial step for motion correction. We propose a magnetic tracking system, using a magnetic sensor and a Helmholtz coil as the magnetic field source. By comparing the sensed magnetic fields with theoretical values under the dipole approximation, we were able to locate sensors placed on a subject’s chest and track their motion during breathing. With a sub-centimeter resolution and the current sources of imprecision being identified, we are confident this method can be a viable solution for accurate motion monitoring in MRI, especially by using the magnetic fields generated by the gradient coils. |
| 4492 | Computer 120
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Iterative Static Motion Compensated(IS-MoCo) Reconstruction: application to high resolution lung imaging |
1Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 3Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 4Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States |
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High resolution 3D MRI thoracic and abdominal MRI is always challenging, due to long acquisition time and susceptibility to subject motion. We proposed a novel reconstruction method, named Iterative Static Motion Compensated(IS-MoCo) reconstruction, to compensate motion affects during the reconstruction instead of gating. The proposed method is applied to high resolution free breathing lung imaging, outperforms widely used motion correction strategies with higher SNR and less residual motion artifacts. |
| 4493 | Computer 121
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Respiratory Motion Corrected GROG based L+S Reconstruction for Free Breathing Golden-Angle Radial MRI |
1Electrical Engineering, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan |
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Respiratory motion during MRI scan causes inconsistencies in the acquired k-space data providing strong blurring artifacts in the reconstructed images. In this work, a new method ( respiratory motion corrected GROG followed by L+S reconstruction for free breathing Golden-Angle Radial DCE-MRI) is presented.The proposed method is tested on 3-T free-breathing Golden angle radial DCE liver MRI data. The proposed method is compared with the conventional L+S reconstruction model. The proposed method provides 90% improvement in Artefact Power and 42% in RMSE as compared to conventional L+S reconstruction at acceleration factor 8. |
| 4494 | Computer 122
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Impact of registration on multi-parametric breast MRI data and parameters: Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment |
1Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, 3C-DOT India, Delhi, India, 4Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, PA, United States, 5Department of Radiology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, New Delhi, India, 6Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India |
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Multi-parametric(mp)-MRI data such as conventional MRI, DCE-MRI, DWI, etc. are routinely acquired for breast cancer patients. Any motion during mp-MRI data acquisition can affect qualitative as well as quantitative mp-MRI results. In this study, impact of registration on mp-MRI data as well as on quantitative parameters was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Study included mp-MRI data of 40 patients with breast cancer. B-spline based registration performed better than Affine and SyN. It showed highest dice-coefficient, correlation coefficient. It also provided better histograms of quantitative maps and provided lowest sum-of-squared error in signal-intensity curves from ROI at edge and center of lesion. |
| 4495 | Computer 123
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MR-assisted PET motion correction improves tumor-to-background and contrast-to-noise ratios in a phantom study with ground truth reference |
1Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States |
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Respiratory motion leads to signal blurring and reduced tumor-to-background (TBR) and contrast to noise (CNR) ratios. As a result, it can severely affect the detectability of lesions in PET imaging.1,2 Simultaneous PET/MR imaging uniquely allows for MR assisted motion correction in PET imaging.3 In this study, we have demonstrated that the MR assisted PET motion correction significantly improves both tumor-to-background and contrast-to-noise ratios, leading to better lesion detection. |
| 4496 | Computer 124
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Blind Sparsity Based Motion Estimation and Correction Model for Arbitrary MRI Sampling Trajectories |
1Institute for Signal Processing, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany |
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A blind retrospective MRI motion estimation and compensation algorithm is designed for arbitrary sampling trajectories. Using the idea of natural images being sparsely representable, the algorithm is based on motion estimation between a motion corrupted image and it’s sparse representative. Therefore, rigid motion models are designed and used in gradient descent methods for image quality optimization. As the motion estimation and compensation work on arbitrary real valued sampling coordinates, the algorithm is capable for all trajectories. Image reconstruction is performed by computationally efficient gridding. The exact motion estimation results are shown for PROPELLER and radial trajectory simulation. |
| 4497 | Computer 125
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Self-Gated Pulmonary Embolism Imaging with Multi-Slice Golden-Angle Radial bSSFP |
1Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 2Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 4Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 5Department of Thoracic Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden |
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Free-breathing, non-contrast bSSFP MRI has shown great potential for imaging of pulmonary embolisms in patients with contraindication for contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography. While the free-breathing approach is convenient, it limits the possibility for multiplanar reformatting which otherwise could aid in visualizing the pulmonary vasculature. In this work, we propose a methodology for deriving a motion signal from the free-breathing data and we incorporate this signal in the reconstruction pipeline to obtain a slice-aligned image stack from which multiplanar reformatting can be performed. |
| 4498 | Computer 126
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Minimal Linear Networks for MR Image Reconstruction |
1Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands |
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We propose minimal linear networks (MLN) for MR image reconstruction that employ complex-valued, axis-dependent and fully- and neighborhood-connected layers with shared and independent weights, Their topology is restricted to the minimum required by the MR-physics, without nonlinear activation layers. The suggested MLN perform well in reconstructing imaging data acquired under challenging real-world imaging conditions, specifically an Arterial Spin Labeling perfusion experiment with spiral sampling at 7 Tesla. Despite the strong B0 field inhomogeneities at 7T, artifact-free images are obtained that are capable of resolving the minute perfusion signal changes. The results show that even without nonlinear activation and higher-order image manifold description as used by others, deep-learning algorithms and framework, and learning from large realistic datasets, can play a significant role in the success of image reconstruction. |
| 4499 | Computer 127
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Correcting breast MRI with a generic B-1(+) template for T-1 map calculation |
1Center for Image Sciences, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands |
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In 7T breast MRI, the use of local transmit coils causes an inhomogeneous B1+ field, decaying towards the pectoral muscle. This leads to differences in image contrast throughout the breasts and in dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MR images it has a direct influence on the enhancement kinetic curves. Therefore a correction is necessary. We used B1+ simulations to generate a template to correct the images, because the dynamic range of measured B1+ maps is often insufficient. We validated the template on eleven volunteers. T1-maps were calculated using the generic template as a first step of correcting the DCE images. |
| 4500 | Computer 128
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Removing bias and increasing dynamic range in DREAM flip angle mapping at 7T |
1Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2National 7T Facility, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 3Philips Danmark A/S, Philips Healthcare, Copenhagen, Denmark |
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DREAM is an ultra-fast multi-slice B1+-mapping technique based on the single-shot STEAM sequence. To study noise and bias related to slice-profiles, DREAM B1+-maps at 3.75mm resolution were acquired at 7T in phantoms and in human brain with nominal flip angles (FA) between 20° and 90° of the two STEAM preparation pulses. B1+ was decreasing at actual FAs above 50°; noise became apparent at actual FAs below 20° reducing dynamic range. By varying the preparation FA, this reliable range (20°<FA<50°) is shifted over a B1+ range from 20% to 250%. The FA map is constructed from overlapping B1+ maps after thresholding. |
| 4501 | Computer 129
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Optimal Flip Angle Range for B1+ Mapping at 3T with Slice Profile Correction Using a Dual Angle EPI Sequence |
1Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2Perspectum Diagnostics, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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Mapping B1+ inhomogeneity, using commonly available pulse sequences, is essential for widespread, accurate determination of T1 using variable flip angle methods. We investigated the accuracy of B1+ mapping with different flip angles (FA) using the double angle method with a 2D multi-slice GRE-EPI sequence. At lower FAs, we found that B1+ accuracy is affected by SNR, whereas the extent of B1+ inhomogeneities imposes an upper limit on the FAs that can be employed. For a B1+ inhomogeneity of ±40% and a SNR of 29 at 30°, the optimal FA pairs were found to lie between 43°/86° and 74°/148°. |
| 4502 | Computer 130
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Retrospective transmission field (B1+) and sensitivity profile (B1-) correction for transceive surface RF coils: an empirical solution for RARE |
1Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 2MRI.tools GmbH, Berlin, Germany, 3Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany |
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Improving the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) inherent to emerging MRI methods such as fluorine MRI is challenging. To enhance sensitivity, SNR-efficient pulse sequences such as RARE and cryogenically-cooled surface RF coils (CRP) are used. Transceive surface RF coils show variation in the excitation field (B1+), impairing quantification. To compensate, previous studies have used an analytical signal intensity equation to perform a retrospective B1+-correction. However, this is unfeasible for RARE due to the absence of such an equation. To overcome this challenge, we propose and validate a numerical method using experimental data acquired with a volume resonator (reference) and a 1H-CRP. |
| 4503 | Computer 131
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Dynamic Decoupling for Simultaneous Transmission and Acquisition in MRI |
1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 2National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Ankara, Turkey |
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In order to use simultaneous transmission and acquisition in clinical MRI for living subjects, robustness to load and environmental changes has to be established, especially for uncooperative subjects. High isolation can be achieved with active cancellation methods, but maintaining it over a long time is a challenge. A look-up table based method is proposed with a smart search algorithm that enables fast dynamic decoupling of transmit/receive coils using an active decoupling circuit. Experiments with a birdcage coil used as a transceiver show that maintaining >80 dB isolation is possible even under the presence of load variation. |
| 4504 | Computer 132
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Simple and effective trajectory estimation for image reconstruction of accelerated k-space acquisition on non-rectangular periodic trajectories |
1School of Software and Electrical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia |
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Precise coordinates of trajectories are essential for image reconstruction of k-space data acquired from non-rectangular trajectories, and measurement of the trajectories often requires prescan calibration that complicates the process. This abstract presents a simple and effective method to estimate the coordinates of non-rectangular periodic trajectories from normal scan data and demonstrates its efficacy in image reconstruction of in vivo scan data acquired from ZIGZAG trajectory. |
| 4505 | Computer 133
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Absolute Phase of Radio-frequency Transmit Field B1+ for a Dual Transmit Coil System |
1Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 2United Imaging Healthcare America, Inc, Houston, TX, United States, 3Radiology, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States |
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The spatial absolute phase information is important in various stages of MRI scanning, such as parallel image reconstruction, the combination of MR image or MR spectroscopy from each element of multiple receivers and exploration of new contrast and biomarker. Currently, the absolute phase of a transmit field can only be roughly estimated as half of the transceiver phase. This method is not only inaccurate but also not applicable for a transceiver coil. Thus, the accurate estimation of the absolute phase for an arbitrary RF coil system is an unsolved problem and an unmet need of the MR society. Here we propose a new approach to solve this old problem. |
| 4506 | Computer 134
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Evaluation of the Uniform Combined Reconstruction (UNICORN) Algorithm for Improving 7T Knee MRI Uniformity |
1Siemens Healthineers, Rochester, MN, United States, 2Siemens Healthineers, Austin, TX, United States, 3Siemens Healthineers, Portland, OR, United States, 4Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, 5Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany |
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MR image intensity non-uniformity is often observed at 7T. A novel algorithm termed ‘Uniform Combined Reconstruction’ (UNICORN) was developed recently to correct for intensity non-uniformity in MR images without the use of a calibration/reference scan. In this work, 3 fellowship trained musculoskeletal radiologists with cumulative experience of 42 years evaluated the efficacy of UNICORN in 33 7T musculoskeletal MRI volumes. The uniformity, contrast, signal-to-noise-ratio and overall image quality were evaluated. Without the use of a reference scan, UNICORN was rated to provide better image uniformity, contrast and overall image quality than the N4 bias-field correction algorithm at 7T. |
| 4507 | Computer 135
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Investigation of the Cost Function for Joint Estimation of Object and B0 |
1University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland |
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Due to their short read-out time single-shot techniques are frequently used for several imaging modalities but they are prone to static B0 off-resonance artifacts. To avoid separately acquired field maps joint estimation of the object and the B0 map has been proposed as a potential solution alternating between updating an object and a field map guess. A measure to compare cost functions is introduced and two different joint estimation cost functions are investigated whereby a new cost function in image space is suggested. It shows its potential if only a less reliable B0 map guess is given. |
| 4508 | Computer 136
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Coil-induced phase removal during gradient delay estimation |
1Alltech medical system, Chengdu, China |
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Gradient delay can lead to severe artifacts in radial imaging. While several methods have been proposed to correct the linear phase caused by gradient delay, no publications have mentioned the impact of coil sensitivity phase during the estimation of gradient delay to our knowledge. This work reports the impact of this factor and presents a simple method to remove the coil-induced phase during the gradient delay estimation. Both phantom and in-vivo test results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. |
| 4509 | Computer 137
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Magnetic field estimation with ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging. |
1High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, 2Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, IMPRS, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, 3Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen (UKT), Tübingen, Germany, 4Empirical Inference, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany |
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We have used UTE sequence to obtain the subject-specific susceptibility distribution, which was then used to simulate motion-induced B0 change at two head positions. A Fourier-based dipole-approximation method was used to map susceptibility to B0. We have evaluated the simulation results against the measured B0 at the same positions and observed a good agreement between the simulated and real data. |
| 4510 | Computer 138
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Correction for Geometric Distortion in Bipolar Gradient Echo Images from $$$B_0$$$ Field Variations |
1High Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria |
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In bipolar multi-echo gradient echo imaging, signal is acquired during positive and negative readout gradients, giving an efficiency advantage over monopolar imaging in which no signal is acquired during “fly-back”/rewind periods. This increased acquisition efficiency allows higher resolution, shorter echo spacing or increased SNR. In bipolar acquisitions, however, $$$B_0$$$-related distortion along the readout axis occurs in opposite directions for odd and even echoes, leading to blurring when images from echoes are combined. We show that a simple unwarping scheme, based on $$$B_0$$$ field maps derived from the multi-echo data themselves, is effective in correcting this effect in multi-echo SWI. |
| 4511 | Computer 139
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Routine B0 eddy current measurements with TOPPE for more robust spiral imaging |
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States |
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Spiral imaging is an SNR- and time-efficient alternative to conventional cartesian MRI, but is relatively sensitive to gradient system imperfections. Unfortunately, measuring the k-space trajectory and B0 eddy currents for a particular spiral readout is cumbersome and not routinely performed. We propose to leverage the TOPPE development environment for rapid pulse sequence prototyping to easily measure both k-space trajectory and B0 eddy currents using “pencil-beam” acquisitions. To demonstrate this setup, we obtained k-space and B0 measurements of a pair of spiral-in and spiral-out readouts. We show that compensating for B0 eddy currents can improve image quality, and that TOPPE provides a convenient platform for these types of measurements. |
| 4512 | Computer 140
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Cross-vendor spiral gradient calibration using TOPPE and Pulseq |
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 2Columbia University, New York, NY, United States |
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Spiral imaging is fast and SNR-efficient, but is relatively sensitive to gradient system imperfections. Unfortunately, these imperfections are generally not known, and can furthermore be expected to vary across different scanner vendor platforms. This complicates multi-site, multi-vendor studies that can benefit from rapid spiral imaging, e.g., those involving fMRI. Here we demonstrate that it is in fact possible to characterize and directly compare spiral gradient performance across two major vendors (GE and Siemens), using the TOPPE and Pulseq frameworks for rapid pulse sequence prototyping. Our observations indicate that B0 eddy currents are substantial on both vendor platforms, and underscore the need for measuring and correcting for B0 effects in spiral imaging. |
| 4513 | Computer 141
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Multiparametric evaluation of geometric distortions in stereotactic MR imaging at 1.5 and 3 Tesla with a plexiglass phantom: towards practical recommendations for clinical imaging protocols |
1Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France, 2Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, CENIR, Paris, France, 3Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Physics Unit, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France, 4Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France, 5Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France |
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Accurate MRI-based targeting is a critical issue for stereotactic surgery. Therefore, geometric distortions need to be evaluated for any pre-operative MR imaging protocol. In this study, we investigated MRI protocols used in Deep Brain Stimulation and Gamma Knife radiosurgery, and focused on the influence of 5 factors on the geometric distortions, at 1.5T and 3T, for 3D T1-weighted and 3D FLAIR images. We found that in order to minimize geometric distortions in stereotactic imaging operator training, careful centering in the MR scanner and systematic activation of constructor’s distortion correction filter are essentials. |
| 4514 | Computer 142
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MRI quality data assessment in the Italian IRCCS advanced neuroimaging network using ACR phantoms |
1Neuroradiology Unit, Brain MRI 3T Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy, 2Neuroradiology, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy, 3IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milano, Italy, 4IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy, 5Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 6Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 7Brain MRI 3T Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy, 8The Italian IRCCS advanced neuroimaging network, Milan, Italy |
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Generating big-data is becoming imperative with the advent of machine learning. Neuroimaging networks respond to this need. Italian Research Neurological Institutes have formed an advanced neuroimaging network to develop protocols for multisite studies. The present work reports on ACR phantom data across sites and evaluates accuracy and longitudinal reproducibility of: uniformity and ghosting, geometric accuracy, slice thickness, high-contrast and low-contrast object detectability. Our findings show that uniformity, geometric accuracy, low-contrast object detectability are measures that failed at some sites. We intervened to correct these issues improving protocol quality and scanner stability, establishing levels of precision relevant for future multicentre studies in quantitative imaging. |
| 4515 | Computer 143
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Retrospective 3D spiral trajectory correction: Exponential decay model vs. GIRF |
1Core-Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany, 2Ulm University, Ulm, Germany, 3Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany, 4Experimental Cardiovascular MRI (ExCaVI), Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany |
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Uncorrected gradient imperfections lead to degrading image artifacts, especially in the case of demanding 3D trajectories. Different post-processing methods have been introduced to compensate for the real-time behaviour of the gradient system. This work shows that gradient waveform deviations can be vastly and nearly equally corrected using an exponential decay model as well as the gradient impulse response function. Both approaches were applied to a pure 3D spiral-like trajectory (Seiffert's spiral), achieving a comparable enhancement in image quality. |
| 4516 | Computer 144
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Retrospective gradient delay correction in multi-shot multi-echo rosette acquisition |
1Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States, 3Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States |
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Rosette k-space sampling is an attractive tool for a variety of applications such QSM, DCE, etc. However, as many non-Cartesian acquisition schemes, rosette is highly susceptible to the system-specific gradient delays. We present a robust technique utilizing intrinsic symmetries of multi-shot rosettes, which allows to reconstruct images with minimal artifacts due to misalignment of the k-space points. |
| 4517 | Computer 145
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Imaging Beyond the Homogeneous Radius in Clinical Magnets |
1Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, 2Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States |
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At the edge of the bore, both B0 and gradient fields have nonlinear distortions which typically make imaging impossible beyond a certain FOV. In this work, we show that undistorted imaging without significant loss of SNR can be achieved outside the typical 50 cm imaging volume using nonlinear spatial encoding techniques. Spatial distortions are corrected by incorporating the nonlinearities of the gradients and B0 field in the encoding equation, while intravoxel dephasing information counteracts spurious intensity modulations and blurring in the reconstructed images. |
| 4518 | Computer 146
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Accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of longitudinal relaxation rate in twelve small-animal MR systems. |
1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 2Bioxydyn, Manchester, United Kingdom, 3Merck, West Point, PA, United States, 4Antaros, Mölndal, Sweden, 5Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 6Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, 7Bayer, Berlin, Germany, 8GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom, 9Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 10Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany, 11Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, United States, 12University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, 13Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands |
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Many translational MR biomarkers derive from measurements of R1, but evidence for between-site reproducibility of R1 in small-animal MRI is lacking. Here R1 was measured by saturation-recovery in 2% agarose phantoms with five NiCl2 concentrations in 12 magnets at 5 field strengths in 11 centres on two different occasions within 1-13 days. R1 was analysed in three different regions of interest, giving 360 measurements in total. Root-mean-square repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of variation were calculated. Day-to-day repeatability was 2.3%. Between-centre reproducibility was 1.4%. Ni2+ relaxivity in 2% agarose was 0.66s-1mM-1 at 3T and 0.94s-1mM-1 at 11.7T. |
| 4519 | Computer 147
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On the impact of slice profile and thickness definition across vendors in 2D bSSFP on SNR and T1-mapping in cardiac MRI |
1MR Clinical Science, Philips, Best, Netherlands, 2MR Clinical Science, Philips, Montréal, QC, Canada, 3MR Clinical Excellence, Philips, Best, Netherlands |
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The actual slice thickness and slice profile in 2D imaging are often not taken into account when comparing SNR from different platforms. It can also have an impact in quantitative imaging such as T1-mapping. Inspired by an earlier study, we compared two definitions of slice thickness in 2D bSSFP(the workhorse in CMR): full width at 50% (FW50) and full width at 70% of maximum (FW70). The FW70 pulse definition leads to 30% thicker slices, 9-30% more SNR and it is more vulnerable to partial volume effects. These effects needs to be taken into account when comparing scans from different platforms in multi-center trials. |
| 4520 | Computer 148
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Regularization of Digitally Integrated, Inductive k-Space Trajectory Measures |
1Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre, Denmark, 2Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark, 3Philips Healthcare, København SV, Denmark, 4Denmark, 5Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, China, 6University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish College, Beijing, China, 7Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Magnetic Resonance, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark, 8Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre, Denmark |
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Determining k-space trajectories inductively is conceptually simple, but rely on integration of the induced signal. Performing this integration digitally allow for higher degree of flexibility than analog integration, which is necessary to account for, e.g., refocusing RF pulses. Digital integration, however, require high bandwidth sampling of the induced signal as digitization error accumulate, making the overall approach less attractive. We show that the necessary bandwidth can be reduced by performing regularization using a gradient coil current measure. |
| 4521 | Computer 149
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Restoring Rotation Invariance of Diffusion MRI Estimators in the Presence of Missing or Corrupted Measurements |
1Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden, 2Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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A natural requirement of estimated tissue microstructure features is that they are rotation invariant. So far, the strategy to attain rotation invariance has been to measure in as many uniformly distributed directions as can be afforded and simply compute the projections on an appropriate set of angular basis functions. However, in the presence of missing samples, this approach is sub-optimal. We show that attaching carefully chosen weights to each measurement can achieve a significantly improved rotation invariance, even in the presence of corruptions that break the isotropic sampling symmetry. |
| 4522 | Computer 151
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The need of a varying flip angle in multi-component analysis with IR-bSSFP sequences. |
1TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2Philips Research Europe, Hamburg, Germany |
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A comparative analysis between IR-bSSFP and MR Fingerprinting was performed in numerical simulations for single and multi-component parameter mapping. The single component matching works for both methods, although the accuracy for T2 is better for MR Fingerprinting. The multi component matching for a constant flip angle IR-bSSFP sequence can only match to the T1* values and cannot distinguish between the underlying T1/T2 values. Using the MR Fingerprinting sequence with a varying flip angle it is possible to match to the T1/T2 components. |
| 4523 | Computer 152
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Schedule design for parameter quantification in the transient state using Bayesian optimisation |
1Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2Stella Maris Scientific Institute and IMAGO7 Research Foundation, Pisa, Italy, 3Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 4Computer Science, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany |
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Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a useful tool for simultaneously obtaining multiple tissue-specific parameters in an efficient imaging experiment. This technique uses transient state acquisitions with pseudo-random acquisition parameters. However, specific schedules may be better suited for certain parameter ranges or sampling patterns. This work aims to introduce a framework for pulse sequence optimization, including aliasing and noise in our estimates, individually or jointly optimizing for T1 and T2 relaxation times. We demonstrated the schedules created by our algorithm using MRI acquisitions on a healthy volunteer. The design framework could improve the efficiency and accuracy of T1 and T2 acquisitions. |
| 4524 | Computer 153
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Optimization of MR Fingerprinting Sequence Using a Quantum Inspired Algorithm |
1Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Microsoft, Seattle, WA, United States, 3Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States, 4Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 5Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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MR Fingerprinting (MRF) is a fast quantitative MR imaging technique that simultaneously quantifies multiple tissue properties. We propose to use quantum-inspired optimization to characterize the optimization landscape by using an appropriate cost function to account for signal features and create an optimization frontier. The simulation results from the optimized MRF sequences showed reduced bias and variance as compared to those from the original empirical design. The in vivo maps from the optimized sequences showed improved image quality as well. |
| 4525 | Computer 154
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An accurate dictionary generation method for MR fingerprinting using a fast Bloch image simulator |
1MRI simulations Inc., Tokyo, Japan |
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This study proposes a simple and accurate dictionary creation method for MR fingerprinting using a fast Bloch image simulator. A typical MR fingerprinting sequence based on a FISP sequence and a numerical phantom were used for dictionary generation. Cartesian and spiral readout gradients were used for the Bloch image simulation of the numerical phantoms. MR fingerprinting parameter maps obtained by pattern matching with the dictionaries generated by the proposed method demonstrated validity and usefulness of the method. The proposed method is simple and useful for creation of accurate dictionaries in MR fingerprinting. |
| 4526 | Computer 155
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Towards Continuous Dictionary Resolution in MR Fingerprinting using a Quadratic Inner Product Model |
1Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Magnetic resonance fingerprinting is a framework for creating quantitative tissue property maps from a single acquisition. The accuracy and precision of these maps depend upon a precomputed dictionary of simulated signal evolutions, to which acquired signals are matched using the inner product to determine the tissue property values. We propose to approximate the inner product as a quadratic function of the tissue properties in a neighborhood around the correct match in order to reduce the effect of tissue property step size in the dictionary. Results from data acquired with different MRF sequences demonstrate the value of the proposed approach. |
| 4527 | Computer 156
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Dictionary-free Reconstruction Based Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Optimization |
1Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 2Multiphysics and Optics, Philips Research Europe, Eindhoven, Netherlands |
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To make the MRF technique most suitable for clinical needs, efforts are still to be made to accelerate MRF acquisitions while maintaining the accuracy in parameter determination. However, the dictionary calculation is a heavy computational burden for each trial MRF measurement within the optimization process. In this work, we present a numerical study on the optimization of MRF-FISP sequences by using a parallel tempering algorithm. Specifically, an optimization framework tailored for MRF with severe k-space undersampling was developed based on the previously proposed dictionary-free reconstruction (DFR). In vivo measurements were carried out to evaluate the performance of the optimized sequence. |
| 4528 | Computer 157
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t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) as a Tool for Visualizing the Encoding Capability of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) Dictionaries |
1C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 2Philips Research Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 3Division of Image Processing, Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 4Intelligent Systems Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands |
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In Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF), the quality of the parameter maps depends on the encoding capability of the variable flip angle train. In this work we show how the dimensionality reduction technique t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) can be used to obtain insight into the encoding capability of different MRF sequences by embedding high-dimensional MRF dictionaries into a lower-dimensional space and visualizing them as colormaps. Experiments on example dictionaries perform comparison between different sequences and assess the effect of B1+ variations on the encoding capability. |
| 4529 | Computer 158
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Optimized fast dictionary matching for magnetic resonance fingerprinting based on echo-planar imaging for enhanced clinical workflow |
1Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 2Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 3Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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In this work, an optimized fast group matching reconstruction for magnetic resonance fingerprinting based on echo-planar imaging was evaluted to enhance clinical usability. This scanner based 'on the fly' reconstruction reduced the reconstruction time by an acceleration factor of 10 shortening the reconstruction to 10 seconds. The fast group matching algorithm was tested in-vivo and compared with full dictionary matching and resulted in virtually no deviation in T1 and T2* maps facilitating the use of MRF in clinical routine. |
| 4530
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Computer 159
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Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Optimization With Variance Based Spiral Arm Ordering |
1Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) maps various tissue properties and system parameters simultaneously. MRF time series, which are matched to a precalculated dictionary, are often obtained with fast acquisition of low resolution images with undersampled spiral trajectories using a regular sampling pattern. In this work, we propose to order a set of spiral trajectories based on dictionary variance instead of the standard sequential or golden-angle ordering. Phantom and in vivo results show that the variance based optimized order converges faster to expected true values. The optimized order does not limit other MRF optimization approaches and can be applied to any MRF sequence. |
| 4531 | Computer 160
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MR Fingerprinting SChedule Optimization NEtwork (MRF-SCONE) |
1Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States |
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MR Fingerprinting schedule optimization can reduce scan times and improve accuracy but typically relies on minimization of indirect metrics rather than the actual reconstruction error due to the computational challenges involved in calculating the reconstruction error at each iteration of the optimization. Here we introduce a Deep Learning framework that can overcome these challenges and allow direct minimization of the reconstruction error. The proof-of-principle is demonstrated using simulations on a numerical brain phantom. |
| 4532 | Computer 161
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MRF Dictionary Calculation and Visualization using GPU Compute Shaders |
1Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Interactive Commons, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 3Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Dictionary generation for Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) can be a computationally intensive procedure, especially as complexity and density increase. Conveniently, the majority of operations required for calculating dictionary entries are already enumerated in conventional computer graphics shader packages. Here, we leverage the decades of research and hardware development spent to improve computer graphics optimization to remove the need for CUDA parallelization and instead directly render MRF dictionaries into compressible video files in virtually real time. |
| 4533 | Computer 162
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Constrained Ellipse Fitting for Efficient T1-T2 Mapping in Phase-cycled bSSFP Imaging |
1Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 2National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 3Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey |
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There is growing interest in use of balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging for simultaneous mapping of $$$T_1$$$, $$$T_2$$$ and off-resonance. An elegant ellipse fitting approach in the complex plane was recently proposed for parameter estimation from multiple phase-cycled acquisitions. Since this approach requires at least six phase-cycles, it can limit scan efficiency. Here, we propose a new technique that integrates a geometric solution with constrained ellipse fitting to enable mapping with only four phase-cycled acquisitions. The proposed method yields accurate $$$T_1$$$, $$$T_2$$$ and off-resonance maps while significantly improving scan efficiency. |
| 4534 | Computer 163
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Extracting Gold Standard Relaxation Times and Field Map Estimates from the Balanced SSFP Frequency Profile by Neural Network Fitting |
1High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, 2Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany |
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It has been observed that the balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) frequency profile exhibits asymmetries if the intra-voxel frequency content is inhomogeneous and asymmetric. Recent attempts to calculate T1 and T2 values of human brain tissues from the measured bSSFP profile fail to account for anisotropies in the tissue microenvironment and are thus subject to a considerable bias, in particular for white matter. To eliminate this bias, a feedforward neural network is trained with the bSSFP profile as input and a multi-parametric output (i.e., T1, T2, B1, ∆B0) using gold standard relaxation times and reference field maps as ground truth. |
| 4535 | Computer 164
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Noise Reduction and Uncertainty Estimation for the Variable Flip Angle T1 Method with Automatic Selection of Regularization Parameters |
1Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden |
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The purpose of this work was to develop a method that simultaneously reduces and estimates the uncertainty in the T1 maps obtained with the VFA method while also avoiding the need for any manual tuning of regularization parameters. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based algorithm was implemented and evaluated on real and synthetic data. The results show that the method can be used to reduce both noise and noise-induced bias and simultaneously give information about the uncertainty in the estimates. |
| 4536 | Computer 165
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Optimised T2 Preparation for Brain Imaging: Application to Compressed Sensing 3D T2 Mapping |
1Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 4Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 5Center for BioMedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland |
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T2-mapping is becoming an important tool to detect pathological tissue; however, achieving high isotropic resolution is challenging. This work optimises a T2-prepared 3D compressed-sensing acquisition. Two T2-preparation modules (modified-BIR4, hyperbolic secant) and three Cartesian sampling trajectories (spiral, radial, VC-spiral) are explored. The NIST-ISMRM phantom and three in vivo subjects were scanned to test T2 accuracy and homogeneity. Results show more homogeneous and accurate T2 values with BIR4, due to a decreased sensitivity to B1. In vivo data showed more homogeneous T2 in WM using a radial trajectory. Based on these results, we propose an optimised 3D T2-mapping protocol of 9:48min. |
| 4537 | Computer 166
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Practical Considerations for Mapping R1 in the Cerebral Cortex Across Sites |
1Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, 2Psychiatry & Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada |
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We map R1 in the cortex across two sites, using IR-GRE and GRE images to calculate R1 values based on the ratio of the images (IR-GRE/GRE)) using signal equations. We collect B1+ maps to analytically correct R1 inhomogeneities that might cause site-dependent variation. We tested our R1 mapping method with two different input ratio images: one formed using an IR-GRE sequence with typical neuroanatomical contrast, and one using an IR-GRE sequence optimized to produce strong intracortical contrast. We found the ratio image with the higher intracortical contrast produced more consistent R1 maps across sites, which were less sensitive to B1+. |
| 4538 | Computer 167
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Sparse MR-STAT: Order of magnitude acceleration in reconstruction times |
1Center for Image Sciences, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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MR-STAT is a framework for obtaining multi-parametric quantitative MR maps using data from single short scans. A large-scale optimization problem is solved in which spatial localisation of signal and estimation of tissue parameters are performed simultaneously by directly fitting a Bloch-based volumetric signal model to the time domain data. In the current work, we exploit sparsity that is inherently present in the problem when using Cartesian sampling strategies to achieve an order of magnitude acceleration in reconstruction times. The new method is tested on synthetically generated data and on in-vivo brain data. |
| 4539 | Computer 168
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Accelerated T2 mapping based on Bloch signal-model with fixed rank and sparsity constraints |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 3Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, 4Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 5Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New-York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States |
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Quantification of T2 values is valuable for a wide range of research applications and clinical pathologies. Multi-echo spin echo (MESE) protocols offer significantly shorter scan-times, at the cost of strong contamination from stimulated and indirect echoes. The echo-modulation-curve (EMC) algorithm, can efficiently overcome these limitations to produce accurate T2 values. In this work we propose a new reconstruction algorithm based on Sparsity and Fixed Rank constraints, denoted as SPARK. We compare our method against GRAPPA and show its superiority in the quantitative evaluation of T2 values from highly undersampled data. |
| 4540 | Computer 169
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Study of key properties behind a good undersampling pattern for quantitative estimation of tissue parameters |
1Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands |
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Quantitative MR (qMRI) at present is clinically unfeasible due to long scan time. Jointly performing image reconstruction and parameters estimation is expected to allow increased acceleration. In this work, we investigate properties of undersampling patterns that are most relevant for parameter estimation using a Cramer-Rao-Lower-Bound (CRLB) based metric for such an approach. We compare key properties of undersampling patterns and conclude that one of these properties, namely low discrepancy, is most relevant for achieving time-efficient qMRI. |
| 4541 | Computer 170
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Accelerated R1 or R2 Mapping with Geometric Relationship Constrained Reconstruction Method |
1Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, 2Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, 3Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, 4Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, 5Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States |
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In this work we present a constrained reconstruction method that can produce either an R2- or R1- weighted image series, in tandem with the parameter map, from undersampled data. The method has been demonstrated in vivo for radial TSE, and radial TSE augmented with nonlinear encoding (O-space), and inversion recovery (IR) datasets. The algorithm iteratively calculates the entire series of T2 or T1 weighted images while enforcing the exponential decay posed as a geometric relationship between the images. Experimental brain images generated with these maps are in excellent agreement with the fully sampled images and show less undersampling artifact than images reconstructed from individual undersampled datasets. |
| 4542 | Computer 171
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Reconstruction of Tailored Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Using Random Forest Approach |
1Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bangalore, India, 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, 3Institute of Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 4Wipro-GE, bangalore, India, 5Magnetic Resonance Research Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States |
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Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting is a new acquisition/reconstruction technique to obtain multi-parametric map. Tailored MRF has demonstrated the quantification of longer T2 components contrary to classical MRF. The supervised learning based approach model in the study does not require construction of the dictionary. Leave out one approach has been utilized as the approach for modeling the random forest approach. The dictionary approach is heavy on the computation that limits the MRF to get into the clinic. |
| 4543 | Computer 172
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Dynamic streaking artifact regularization for QSM |
1UIH America, Inc., Houston, TX, United States, 2Radiology, The affiliated Drum Tower hospital of Nanjing university medical school, Nanjing, China, 3United Imaging of Healthcare, Shanghai, China |
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We propose dynamically estimate, formulate and update the field components that are responsible for causing streaking artifact, as an additional regularization term for solving the QSM optimization problem. As a result, streaking artifacts arising from regions with highly disrupted local fields can be well suppressed, preventing them from spatially extending and affecting other regions of interest. The proposed method can maintain the accuracy of QSM results, and has the potential to be integrated into most QSM optimization algorithms. |
| 4544 | Computer 173
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Sparse Pre-Contrast T1 Mapping for DCE-MRI Calibration |
1Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2GE Healthcare, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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Quantitative DCE-MRI requires fast pre-contrast T1 mapping (scan time <3 min) with matching resolution and coverage. Recent advances in imaging have substantially improved resolution and coverage of DCE-MRI but without matched improvements in the pre-contrast T1 data. Here, we demonstrate a sparse T1 mapping method and characterize a tradeoff between data acquisition and T1 statistics, using a variable flip angle (VFA) approach and sparse Cartesian spiral sampling pattern, with image domain wavelet sparsity constraint. This method provides the necessary high-resolution whole-brain T1/M0 maps for DCE-MRI tracer kinetic analysis. |
| 4545 | Computer 174
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A fast method for field map calculation in multispectral imaging near metal implants |
1UIH America, Houston, TX, United States |
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Multispectral acquisition is an important technique for MRI near metal. It is critical to estimate the field map and correct for displacements among bin images before bin combination in order to eliminate blurring. However, current field-estimation methods are either susceptible to noise or are computationally intensive, limiting their clinical applications. We propose a robust and efficient algorithm for calculating the field map from multispectral datasets based on a previous matched-filter field estimation technique. The proposed technique was tested on a digital phantom and generated accurate field maps and high quality images with a very short calculation time. |
| 4546 | Computer 1
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A robust pulse sequence for simultaneous diffusion MRI and MR elastography (diffusion-MRE) |
1Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan, 2Office of Radiation Technology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, 3Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo, Japan |
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Diffusion-magnetic resonance elastography (dMRE) can acquire diffusion and mechanical properties simultaneously. However, intravoxel phase dispersion (IVPD) interferes with the calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). This study presents an approach to dMRE that reduces the influence of IVPD by introducing a new pulse sequence. The ADC and stiffness, obtained using the existing and proposed dMRE techniques, were compared with spin-echo (SE)-diffusion and SE-MRE, for a phantom. In existing dMRE technique, the ADC was changed by IVPD but that of proposed dMRE technique was unchanged. The results demonstrate that our dMRE technique is a robust method for addressing the IVPD. |
| 4547 | Computer 2
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Deep parameter mapping with relaxation signal model driven constraints |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, 2Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States |
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Conventional MR parameter mapping suffers from long acquisition times limiting their clinical utility. Model based iterative methods have been proposed to allow reconstructions from highly accelerated data, but these suffer from high computational costs. Deep learning based methods that can reduce reconstruction times significantly while yielding reconstruction quality comparable to the model based methods have emerged recently. In this work, we evaluate the use of signal model driven constraints in deep learning based MR parameter mapping. |
| 4548 | Computer 3
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Robust 3D Bloch-Siegert based B1+ mapping using Multi-Echo General Linear Modelling |
1Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom, 2School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Robust quantification of the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1)—a widely used proxy marker of myelin content—requires highly accurate and precise estimation of the RF transmit field (B1+). The Bloch-Siegert shift (BSS) is a B1+-mapping method that allows calibration data to be acquired with the same spoiled gradient-echo readout used for variable flip angle R1 mapping. Here we show that systematic differences in steady state phase, caused by the interleaved nature typically adopted, lead to bias or loss of precision, but that these effects can be corrected for using a multi-echo approach and GLM fitting to isolate the BSS phase. |
| 4549 | Computer 4
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3-Dimensional Strain Mapping of the Eyeball during Adduction, Abduction Tasks |
1Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States, 2Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States, 3Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States |
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This study employed high-resolution 3D-MRI to map the strain of the eyeball during adduction and abduction tasks. The strain map is highly heterogeneous with high strain toward the anterior region. Adduction induced higher strain than abduction, as expected due to more stretching of the optic nerve in the adduction position. This is the first MRI measurement of strain of the eyeball. This approach could have clinical applications in eye movement disorders and eye diseases. |
| 4550 | Computer 5
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High resolution 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting with hybrid radial cartesian-EPI acquisition |
1Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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A high resolution (0.5x0.5x1mm3) 3D MRF method was proposed using a hybrid radial cartesian-EPI acquisition with both segmented & interleaved EPI strategy. For the reconstruction, k-space SVD compression and CG-SENSE were applied. An in vivo brain results were presented. |
| 4551 | Computer 6
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Assessment of Absolute pH Using and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting and a Single Dysprosium-Based MRI Contrast Agent |
1Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States |
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In this initial in vitro study, we used Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF)-based T1 and T2 relaxation time maps to estimate the linear relationship between pH and relaxivity (r1 and r2) for a previously-described dysprosium (Dy) MRI contrast agent. These relaxivity estimates were then used to calculate MRF-based estimates of pH for each solution for comparison with gold-standard measurements by pH electrode at 7.0T (R = 0.93, p = <1e-6) and 9.4T (R = 0.68, p = 0.004). Results show MRF can be used in combination with a pH-sensitive paramagnetic MRI contrast agent to accurately estimate pH independent of agent concentration. |
| 4552 | Computer 7
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Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting with Pure Quadratic RF Phase |
1Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Previous work has shown that Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting with quadratic RF phase (qRF-MRF) can be used to simultaneously quantify off-resonance, T1, T2 and T2*. This method employed a mix of bSSFP and qRF pulse sequence block segments for reliable tissue property quantification. However, the incorporation of bSSFP type acquisition schemes resulted in null-band artifacts near bSSFP signal voids. Here, we present a bSSFP-free pure qRF-MRF method with elimination of null-band artifacts, and explore its potential for tissue property mapping with reduced acquisition time. |
| 4553 | Computer 8
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Combination of ESPIRiT and back-projection reconstruction for 3D MR fingerprinting within 2.5 minutes |
1Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 2State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 3Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States |
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A spiral projection acquisition scheme was implemented for 3D MR fingerprinting to achieve isotropic resolution of 1x1x1 mm3 in whole brain T1 and T2 mapping within 2.5 minutes by using efficient L1SPIRiT reconstruction (ESPIRiT) and back-projection reconstruction. |
| 4554 | Computer 9
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Rapid, simultaneous non-synthetic multi-contrast and quantitative imaging using Tailored MR Fingerprinting (TMRF) |
1MR Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, 2Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, 3GE Healthcare, New York, NY, United States |
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The goal of this work was to rapidly acquire non-synthetic multi-contrast and quantitative images simultaneously, through tailoring the MR fingerprinting acquisition schedule in contrast blocks. TMRF providing for five contrasts was designed, simulated and demonstrated on four healthy volunteer brain scans. The acquisition times for MRF and TMRF were 5:11 and 4:41 (min: sec) respectively. The spatio-temporal profiles of T1, T2, PD, water-fat and flow contrasts were reconstructed block-wise along with relaxometric maps. Comparatively, TMRF images showed higher mean to standard deviation ratios for the four volunteers over the contrast blocks for PD and T2 while maintaining similarity of relaxometric maps. |
| 4555 | Computer 10
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EPI based Dual-stage MR Fingerprinting for T1, T2, and T2* mapping |
1Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 4Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany |
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We propose an improved MR fingerprinting which can generate T1, T2, and T2* maps simultaneously. This method is based on single-shot EPI and signal acquisition consists of dual-stage divided by fixed and variable echo time. Dictionary generation and pattern matching were also modified in accordance with acquisition scheme. The feasibility of proposed method was demonstrated by phantom study and the MRF results are well correlated with the conventional T1, T2, and T2* maps. In-vivo brain MRF was also performed with a healthy volunteer. |
| 4556 | Computer 11
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GFB-MRF: Parallel spatial and Bloch manifold regularized iterative reconstruction for magnetic resonance fingerprinting |
1Digital Services, Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Medical Solutions, Princeton, NJ, United States, 2Siemens Healthcare, Application Development, Erlangen, Germany |
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We introduce a new iterative algorithm for Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) where spatial regularization and fingerprint matching are applied in parallel. This enables to have simultaneously a spatial regularization in addition to the time domain Bloch manifold regularization. Our proposed algorithm showed significant improvements with respect to the state of the art in particular regarding the robustness with respect to measurement noise. |
| 4557 | Computer 12
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Accelerated Multi-band Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Using Spiral in-out with additional kz Encoding and Modified Sliding Window Reconstruction |
1Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 2Philips Healthcare, Hong Kong, China |
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Multi-band Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be achieved using UNFOLD-like acquisition and dictionary matching without using parallel methods. However, the MR parametric maps after dictionary matching in one slice suffers from artifacts due to the high frequency components of other simultaneously acquired slices. In this work, a new acquisition strategy was proposed for the multi-band acquisition, where spiral-in-out trajectory was used to provide extra kz encoding. A modified sliding window reconstruction was also proposed to reduce the high frequency oscillations. |
| 4558 | Computer 13
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Computational method for T2-weighted images based on polynomial approximation using 3D MR parameter mapping with RF-spoiled gradient echo |
1Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan |
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We propose a computational method for obtaining T2-weighted images from maps of proton density, T1, and T2* acquired by 3D RF-spoiled gradient echo. The proposed method uses a predetermined polynomial that approximates the relationship between the MR parameters and the intensity of T2WI on the basis of datasets of other subjects. Similarities between computed images and actually scanned images were improved compared with a computation method using T2* instead of T2 in the theoretical equation of the spin echo signal. |
| 4559 | Computer 14
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T1 measurement in short-T2 material with suppressed long-T2 component using an IR-UTE multishot sequence |
1Aix-Marseille Univ. CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France, 2Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube, FMTS, Strasbourg, France, 3Institut Mines Télécom Atlantique, INSERM, LaTIM, Brest, France |
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T1 quantification of short-T2 species is challenging due to the uncommon behavior of the signal decay and magnetization tilting during excitations in conventional sequences. UTE sequences can therefore be considered with refined magnetization evolution models using the Bloch equations. In voxels comprising a mix of long and short-T2 components (e.g. myelin and water in the normal appearing white matter), an appropriate long-T2 suppression scheme is mandatory. In this work, we propose an analytical model to quantify the T1 of a short-relaxing component in an accelerated Inversion-Recovery UTE in vitro, and within long-T2 suppression condition. |
| 4560 | Computer 15
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3D Radial Phase Encoded Flip Angle Imaging at Ultra-High Field Strength |
1Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany, 2Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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In this work a novel 3D flip angle (FA) mapping method is introduced which combines the advantages of the AFI pulse sequence (3D, low SAR) with the motion robustness of a radial phase encode acquisition scheme. Mapping the FA is needed for human body imaging at 7 tesla to improve image quality and assessment of quantitative results. Therefore, we combined an interleaved acquisition of two FIDs, S1 and S2, acquired for different repetition times TR1 and TR2 with radial phase encode trajectory. In this study we validated this new sequence with a body phantom and in two in-vivo scans. Similar results to cartesian reference scans were obtained and reasonable motion resolved abdominal FA maps were acquired. |
| 4561 | Computer 16
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Combining Parallel Imaging and Model-based Reconstruction for Isotropic 3D T2 mapping with Multi-Echo GRASE |
1Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 4Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany |
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Classical T2 mapping based on 2D multi-echo spin-echo sequences achieves only limited across-slice resolutions. For clinical use, acquisitions with high isotropic resolution are however desirable, resulting in clinically prohibitive scan times. To this end, we propose a 3D multi-echo gradient and spin echo sequence with CAIPIRINHA and an additional model-based acceleration for T2 estimation. The combination of these techniques allows for whole-brain T2 mapping with 1.6mm-isotropic resolution in 3:26 min. The proposed framework was tested both in phantom and in vivo experiments. |
| 4562 | Computer 17
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Quantitative and synthetic MRI using a Multi-Pathway Multi-Echo (MPME) acquisition followed by machine-learning contrast translation |
1Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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Brain exams would ideally include 3D quantitative maps of several basic MR parameters, such as T1, T2, T2* and B0, along with popular qualitative contrasts such as MPRAGE and FLAIR, for example. A multi-pathway multi-echo (MPME) pulse sequence was developed that captured vast amounts of information about the imaged object relatively fast, but not necessarily with image contrasts that radiologists might be comfortable reading. A neural network was trained to act as a ‘contrast translator’, to convert information rapidly obtained from MPME scans into useful quantitative and qualitative contrasts, in effect condensing a whole exam into a single 3D scan. |
| 4563 | Computer 18
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Variable Flip Angle T1-Mapping Using Perfect In-Phase ZTE |
1GE Healthcare, Stockholm, Sweden, 2GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany, 3GE Healthcare, Waukusha, WI, United States |
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This work details an extension of the Perfect In-Phase ZTE (pipZTE) method that allows for fast and efficient T1-mapping. By adding a variable flip angle scheme in combination with the Perfect In-Phase ZTE readout band-width modulation PD and T1 mapping can be achieved without interference from chemical shift artifacts. |
| 4564 | Computer 19
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A Fast Multi-slice T1 mapping method based on SPatiotemporal ENcoding |
1Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel |
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A pulse sequence for T1 relaxation time mapping which enables high-resolution and multi-slice imaging in short acquisition |
| 4565 | Computer 20
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Accelerating Bi-exponential T1ρ mapping using SCOPE |
1Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, 2Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China, 3Research center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China |
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Mono-exponential T1ρ mapping requires 4 or 5 T1ρ-weighted images with different spin lock times (TSLs) to obtain the T1ρ maps, while bi-exponential T1ρ mapping requires a larger number of TSLs, which further prolongs the acquisition time. In this work, we develop a variable acceleration rate undersampling strategy to reduce the total scan time. A signal compensation strategy with low-rank plus sparse model was used to reconstruct the T1ρ-weighted images. We provide the reconstructed images and the estimated T1ρ maps at an acceleration factor up to 6.1 in fast bi-exponential T1ρ mapping. |
| 4566 | Computer 21
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Dual Contrast Weighting and Simultaneous T2 and T2* Mapping with Radially Sampled RARE-EPI |
1Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany |
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MRI examinations commonly involve a series of multiple imaging contrasts and MR-metrics. Dual or even more contrast techniques offer substantial scan time reduction and eliminate the propensity to slice co-registration errors induced by bulk and physiological motion. Recognizing this opportunity this work presents a dual contrast RARE-EPI hybrid, that provides T2 (RARE module) and T2* (EPI module) contrast and facilitates simultaneous T2 and T2* mapping in a single radially (under)sampled scan (2-in-1 RARE-EPI). The applicability of 2-in-1 RARE-EPI is demonstrated in phantom and in in vivo studies and benchmarked versus conventional T2 and T2* weighted/mapping techniques. |
| 4567 | Computer 22
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A novel strategy to perform the dual flip angle method for the fast and accurate T1 mapping by MRI |
1SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, United States, 2University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States |
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Fast T1 mapping can be done by utilizing dual flip angles in acquiring spoiled gradient echo signals. However, its accuracy may be questionable even when the suggested optimal flip angle pair is used. Noting that the faithful action of the prescribed flip angles is the key to the accuracy, we present here a novel dual flip angle method by which the system-specific RF-pulse fidelity of flip angles can be validated and, if necessary, calibrated to improve the T1 accuracy in a wide in vivo range. We tested this method on a few 1.5 or 3T MRI systems of major vendors. |
| 4568 | Computer 23
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Evaluation of different colormaps for best visual assessment of quantitative Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting data |
1Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Diagnostic, Pediatric and Interventional Radiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland, 3Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, 4Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Increasingly quantitative methods such as apparent diffusion coefficient, T1, T2 and T2* mapping or elastography are used in MR imaging. As quantitative data provide multidimensional characterization of pathophysiology, color provides an additional dimensionality to visualize the data. This study demonstrates the superiority of three different colormaps over grayscale display of each T1 and T2 maps for MR Fingerprinting. |
| 4569 | Computer 24
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Relaxation parameter estimation from limited time points |
1Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, 2Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong |
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T1rho is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of several diseases. Current imaging techniques usually use uniform sampling and require a relatively large number of samples to get reliable estimations of T1rho. We show that the intuitive uniform sampling is not optimal, and propose an optimal sampling strategy. We also propose a fast estimation algorithm, which (with the use of spatial redundancy) provides accurate estimates of the T1rho relaxation map from as few as 3 different spin-lock time samples. |
| 4570 | Computer 25
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Predicting pathological subtypes and stages of thymic epithelial tumors using DWI: value of combining ADC and texture parameters |
1Tangdu Hospital, Department of Radiology,Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China, 2GE Healthcare China, Xi'an, China |
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To explore the value of combining apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and texture parameters from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting the pathological subtypes and stages of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). In this study, Fifty-seven patients with TETs confirmed by pathological analysis were retrospectively enrolled. The results showed combination of ADC and DWI texture parameters improved the differentiating ability of TET grades, which could potentially be useful in clinical practice regarding the TETs evaluation before treatment. |
| 4571 | Computer 26
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Rapid, multi-TE, T2-prepared RUFIS for Silent T2-weighted imaging |
1Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2General Electric Healthcare, London, United Kingdom, 3ASL West, General Electric Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States, 4Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 5ASL Europe, General Electric Healthcare, Munich, Germany |
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Zero echo time (ZTE) imaging using the RUFIS sequence allows for silent imaging with high efficiency. Without modifications, RUFIS produces proton density and/or T1-weighted images similar to a spoiled gradient echo sequence. In this work we present a novel T2-prepared RUFIS sequence with multiple echo times acquired in each shot, for efficient T2-weighted imaging. We present in vivo results acquired in 11 min with 1.5mm3 resolution, with effective echo times from 0 to 248ms. |
| 4572 | Computer 27
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Rapid High Resolution T1-Weighted Hippocampus Imaging with Yarn-Ball Acquisition |
1University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada |
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For spoiled steady-state T1-weighted imaging, readout duration (TRO) and repetition time (TR) increase result in greater contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) efficiency. Novel 3D-twisting Yarnball acquisition realizes this advantage without scan-time penalty (more of k-space sampled with increased TRO), but increased TRO results in greater point-spread-function smearing. Following TRO optimization, Yarnball is used to produce whole-brain 0.36x0.36x1.08 mm3 coronal (defined by 1/(2kmax)) images in 10 minutes (with 2 averages). Compared to 3D-MP-RAGE (same scan time and voxel volume) Yarnball images have greater resolution and grey-white CNR, facilitating sharper depiction of internal hippocampus architecture. |
| 4573 | Computer 28
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3D SPARKLING for accelerated ex vivo T2*-weighted MRI with compressed sensing |
1NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 2Parietal, INRIA, Saclay, France, 3ITAV, Toulouse, France, 4CNRS, Toulouse, France, 5Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, 6Siemens Healthineers, Saint-Denis, France |
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In the last decade, compressed sensing (CS) has been successfully used in MRI to reduce the acquisition time. Recently, we have proposed a new optimization-driven algorithm to design optimal non-Cartesian sampling patterns for CSMRI, called SPARKLING for Spreading Projection Algorithm for Rapid K-space sampLING. This method has a few advantages compared to standard trajectories such as radial lines or spirals: i) it allows to reproduce arbitrary densities while the other two are restricted to radial densities and ii) it is more robust to system imperfections. In this communication, we introduce an extension of the SPARKLING method for 3D imaging that allows to achieve an isotropic resolution of 600 μm in just 45 seconds for T2*-weighted ex vivo brain imaging at 7 Tesla. |
| 4574 | Computer 29
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Capturing Time-Dependent Electric Currents Using MRI with A Sub-Millisecond Temporal Resolution |
1Center for MR Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 3Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 4Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States |
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Neuronal current mapping using MRI has profound biomedical applications, but is hampered by limited temporal resolution. Using a technique known as Sub-Millisecond Imaging of cycLic Event or SMILE, we demonstrate that the temporal resolution of MRI can be substantially increased to the sub-millisecond scale or shorter. This allows capturing ultra-fast physical or biological processes that are cyclic. Although our experimental studies are limited to mapping time-varying currents in a phantom, the same concept can be extended to capturing more complex biological processes, including but not limited to, neuronal currents. |
| 4575 | Computer 30
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Spin-Echo ZTE-BURST for Quiet T2-Weighted Imaging |
1GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany |
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ZTE was combined with single spin-echo BURST encoding for acquiring T2 weighted images in a relatively quiet manner. |
| 4576 | Computer 31
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Silent T2* Imaging on 7T using ZTE Combined with Gradient-Echo BURST |
1GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany, 2IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation and IMAGO7, Pisa, Italy |
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ZTE combined with gradient-echo BURST enables silent 3D radial T2* imaging. It was implemented on 7T and T2* weighted images were acquired with isotropic resolutions of 1-3mm. From the series with different echo times, both phase and T2* maps were extracted. |
| 4577 | Computer 32
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Variable Frequency Wave-encoded 3D Turbo Spin Echo Imaging |
1Philips Research North America, Cambridge, MA, United States, 2Vascular Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, 3Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 4Philips Research Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany |
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Wave encoding is an emerging approach that can take better usage of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial encoding power of multi-channel coils employed in parallel imaging (PI). In this work, a variable frequency (VF) wave encoding approach is proposed to improve the aliasing propagation property and reduce the side lobe amplitude of the transformed point spread function. This VF approach can also induce amplitude modulated wave encoding gradients to reduce eddy currents and improve the slice selection profile. The preliminary results demonstrated its improved PI performance for 3D turbo spin echo imaging over Cartesian and constant frequency wave encoding schemes. |
| 4578 | Computer 33
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Accelerating Three-Dimension Balanced Steady-State Free Precession Imaging with Modified Wave-CAIPI Technique |
1Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, 2Research Center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China |
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Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) has merits such as high signal-to-noise ratio, T2/T1 contrast and rapid acquisition speed. However, bSSFP requires further acceleration in 3D imaging due to massive data collected. The acceleration of conventional parallel imaging techniques is limited. In this study, we propose wave-bSSFP by using a modified wave-CAIPI technique to highly accelerate bSSFP. Wave gradients were truncated to further reduce g-factor noise penalty with high wave amplitudes. The simulation and in vivo experiment indicate that wave-bSSFP is effective in decreasing g-factor. Here, an acceleration factor of 9 was achieved in brain scan with 0.8 mm isotropic resolution. |
| 4579 | Computer 34
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Highly Accelerated 3D EPI using Compressed Sensing |
1University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany, 2Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 3University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom |
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In previous work, Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) has been used in combination with a CAIPIRINHA undersampling scheme, as in SMS blipped CAIPI or 3D CAIPI EPI, for highly accelerated BOLD, perfusion and diffusion weighted imaging. In a separate development, Compressed Sensing (CS) was employed in combination with parallel imaging to significantly accelerate a range of non-EPI 3D imaging sequences. In general, this is achieved by using a variable-density randomized sampling scheme which gives aliasing artefacts a noise like appearance. This work explores the use of CS to accelerate 3D EPI acquisitions and demonstrates an improved performance compared to the CAIPIRINHA approach. |
| 4580 | Computer 35
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Highspeed Imaging of the Vocal Folds Oscillations with Image-based Motion Correction |
1Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, 2German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research Freiburg Site, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 3Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, 4Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany |
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Highspeed imaging of the vocal folds oscillations is possible by applying a very short phase encoding gradient along the direction of motion. Due to repeated breathing cycles of the volunteer, motion and shifts are introduced that impair image quality. With the use of phase only cross correlation, we correct for this motion prior to the gated reconstruction by applying a linear phase to the k-space data. The proposed method is shown to improve reconstruction of anatomical features and SNR. |
| 4581 | Computer 36
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Twisted radial echo planar trajectory (EPIstar) for 3D self-navigated golden angle structural and functional MRI |
1Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States |
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A new 3D trajectory design for efficient, self-navigated golden angle high-resolution MRI acquisition is presented along with results in SWI and BOLD functional MRI. |
| 4582 | Computer 37
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Simultaneous T2* and T2 weighted imaging based on ultrafast SPEN MRI |
1Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 2Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, AB, Israel |
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This work presents new sequences to acquire multislice images with different contrasts –a T2* weighted one for enhancing BOLD and a T2 weighted one for faithful location– in a single shot. The sequences rely on SPatiotemporal ENcoding (SPEN), an ultrafast MRI method with immunity to artifacts, and they utilize a “full-refocusing” mode to obtain a T2 weighted image and a “ |
| 4583 | Computer 38
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On the signal strength of Simultaneous Transmission and Reception (STAR) acquisition: EPG simulation and analysis |
1Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, 2MR Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States |
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Simultaneous Transmission And Reception (STAR) has the potential to remove the constraint of temporal separation between transmission and reception. In principle, much shorter acquisition times with significantly higher signal strength compared to pulsed sequences should be achievable. However, the signal characteristics differ from that of the conventional pulsed-RF framework. In this work, we characterize STAR characteristics with extended phase graph (EPG) simulation. We show the signal evolution from a simple STAR experiment as well as how tissue contrast could be generated in steady state.
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| 4584 | Computer 39
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Accelerated Volumetric FRONSAC with WAVE and CAIPI |
1Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, 2Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States, 4Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States |
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This work demonstrates the potential of FRONSAC, which adds oscillating nonlinear gradients to the Cartesian readout, for 3D accelerated imaging. In undersampled trajectories using either standard Cartesian encoding, CAIPI encoding, or WAVE-CAIPI encoding, significant further improvements are achieved when FRONSAC is applied in addition to these approaches. |
| 4585 | Computer 40
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Wave-CAIPI accelerated whole brain structure imaging using three-dimensional T1 weighted SPACE sequence |
1Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, 2Research Center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China |
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Three-dimensional (3D) SPACE (sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions) sequences are the workhorse for volume imaging with isotropic spatial resolution. However, spatial resolution is often scarified to achieve clinically acceptable scan time. Conventional one- and two-dimensional parallel imaging techniques could help reducing the scan time but would lead to deteriorated signal-to-noise (SNR) performance at submillimeter spatial resolutions. In this study, three-dimensional parallel imaging technique-Wave-CAIPI is utilized to improve the SNR performance for whole brain SPACE imaging with isotropic 0.6 mm resolution. In vivo results demonstrated that Wave-CAIPI could improve the SNR at 5x acceleration. |
| 4586 | Computer 41
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Supersonic imaging with a silent gradient axis driven at 20 kHz |
1University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Spinoza Center for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands |
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Gradient inserts allow for faster switching and higher gradient strengths than conventional whole-body gradient coils. However, the higher gradient performance is accompanied by an increase in acoustic sound pressure. We present a gradient insert that switches at 20 kHz (above human hearing perception) and therefore allows for imaging with an inaudible gradient axis. Additionally, we introduce a readout scheme for imaging at 20 kHz, and show the first imaging results on a phantom and a healthy volunteer using an inaudible gradient axis. |
| 4587 | Computer 42
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2D k-space waves for silent EPI acquisitions |
1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3MR Coils BV, Zaltbommel, Netherlands, 4Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany |
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High acoustic noise levels in fMRI-acquisitions are not only problematic in terms of undesired activation patterns in the brain, but also with respect to patient comfort. A 2D-EPI sequence is presented which is capable of acquiring fMRI-data in silent mode by using a head insert z-gradient coil. For silent data acquisition, a wave-like k-space trajectory is then required. The sequence is compared to a standard FLASH and EPI acquisition. The measured acoustic noise of the silent 2D-EPI is in the order of the idle mode of the scanner and arises from the sound of the continuously active helium pump. |
| 4588 | Computer 43
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Self-retraced Spiral In-Out 3D Turbo Spin-Echo Imaging |
1Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 3Application Development, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany |
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The purpose of this work was to perform a preliminary evaluation of a self-retraced spiral in-out trajectory for 3D turbo/fast spin-echo imaging. By sampling k-space locations twice with a single spiral in-out trajectory, off-resonance effects are robustly attenuated and image quality is improved compared to using a standard spiral in-out trajectory. |
| 4589 | Computer 44
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Single Breath-Hold Diffusion MRI utilizing a Spiral TSE with Variable Flip Angle Refocusing |
1Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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A single breath-hold diffusion MRI sequence utilizing turbo spin echo (TSE) with variable flip angle refocusing and spiral readout is introduced. Flip angles of the refocus RF pulses were determined with the prospective extended phase graph method to minimize the impact of fluctuating refocusing echo signals in TSE. Spiral k-space sampling made the sequence tolerant to motion. The feasibility of the proposed sequence was tested in in vivo brain and thoracic imaging. The proposed single breath-hold diffusion sequence achieved diffusion-weighted imaging of the thoracic region without clear cardiac motion artifacts. |
| 4590 | Computer 45
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Reduced Noise Enhancement in Whole-Brain Multiband-RASER |
1Radiology, CMRR/University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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High acceleration is an effective tool to achieve whole brain coverage with acceptable total acquisition times. A limitation of parallel imaging is high noise amplification at high acceleration factors. In this work, an algorithm for parallel imaging of RASER in two dimensions implemented. The noise enhancement is theoretically derived and experimentally validated. Results show that even at high acceleration noise amplification remains low and high resolution whole brain images can be obtained with RASER. |
| 4591 | Computer 46
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kCAIPI: Reduction of interleaved 3D acquisition into a set of 2D simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) reconstruction problems |
1Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands |
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The Fourier Transform (FT) of a vector of N=N1⋅N2 elements is decomposable into N1 FTs of N2-sized vectors followed by N2 FTs of N1-sized vectors, a fact utilized iteratively to produce the Fast FT algorithm. Put in MRI terminology, reconstructing N=k⋅M slices from k-undersampled kz-stacked trajectory can be achieved by FT, followed by solution of the M SMS problems of k slices. This can be used to reduce such 3D reconstruction problems into SMS problems, reducing memory and computational demands. The observation extends to CAIPI patterns. We term this approach kCAIPI. |
| 4592 | Computer 47
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A fast approach for estimation of Spark of the sensing matrix for Compressed Sensing applications. |
1Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Compressed sensing (CS) has been extensively used with wide spread application in MRI and other signal processing fields. Spark of the sensing matrix is at the heart of the CS framework for determining the success of the signal recovery for a given designed CS system. However, estimation of Spark of the sensing matrix is a combinatorial process, thus, practically difficult to estimate for realistic sizes of sensing matrices. The purpose of this work is to present a new optimization-problem-based approach for estimation of the Spark of the sensing matrix which will overcome the existing limitations, thereby, a tool to assess and design CS framework based systems. |
| 4593 | Computer 48
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Scalable self-calibrated interpolation of non-Cartesian data with GRAPPA |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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Conventional non-Cartesian parallel imaging reconstruction in k-space necessitates large amounts of calibration data for successful estimation of region-specific interpolation kernels. In this work, we propose a self-calibration strategy for obtaining region-specific non-Cartesian interpolation kernels from a single calibration dataset. This enables simple and efficient high-quality reconstruction of non-Cartesian parallel imaging. |
| 4594 | Computer 49
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Regularized CG-SENSE for 30-channel 23Na head MRI at 7T |
1Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 2Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany |
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23Na MRI provides important information for many pathologies. However, its low SNR entails low spatial resolutions and long acquisition times. The proposed work reconstructs 3D radially undersampled in vivo 30-channel 23Na head data at B0=7T with a sensitivity encoding using a nonlinear conjugate gradient method (CG-SENSE) including a total variation and a discrete cosine transform. With CG-SENSE using iteratively generated Lagrangian coil sensitivities, image quality and contrast within the object are improved compared to sum of squares (SOS) and adaptive combination (ADC) reconstructions. |
| 4595 | Computer 51
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Reconstruction of Undersampled Radial Free-breathing 3D Abdominal MRI using Conditional Generative Adversarial Network |
1School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China, 2b. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China, 3c. College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China |
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Free-breathing 3D abdominal imaging is challenging since respiratory motion can produce image blurring and ghosting artifact. Our purpose is to employ a novel deep learning method using conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) to reconstruct the undersampled radial 3D abdominal MRI. The whole network combines a generator G consists of 8 convolutional layers and corresponding 8 deconvolutional layers with a discriminator D which is formed using 11 convolutional layers. The GAN-based reconstructed images achieve similar quality to the ground-truth images. Additionally, the average reconstruction time is negligible. Therefore, this method can be adopted for a wide range of clinical applications. |
| 4596 | Computer 52
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Artifact correction in spiral trajectory with high gradient performance |
1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, 2GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States |
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A low-cryogen, compact 3T MRI is equipped with high performance gradients, of which increased maximum gradient amplitude and slew rate can improve MR image quality of spiral trajectory to reduce susceptibility and off-resonance effect. However, use of the higher slew rate and gradient strength with an Archimedean spiral trajectory can lead to rotation artifacts and a local blurring. In this work, we corrected those artifacts with using a dynamic field camera and with attention to the azimuthal Nyquist sampling criterion. |
| 4597 | Computer 53
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Wall-bounded Divergence-free Smoothing for Denoising of Velocity Data Measured by 4D Flow MRI |
1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Korea, Republic of, 4Thoracic and Cardio-vascular Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 5Neurosurgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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Flow data measured by 4D flow MRI often result in inaccurate wall shear stress estimation due to near-wall noise in velocity measurements. We propose wall-bounded divergence-free smoothing (WB-DFS) to denoise the flow data. This method minimizes a residual error under the divergence-free condition for a wall-bounded flow and simultaneously performs data smoothing. The denoising performance of WB-DFS was found to be the best among methods reported in |
| 4598 | Computer 54
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Non-Cartesian MRI Systems Integrated Development using GPI and MATLAB – A New Rosette Pulse Sequence Example |
1Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 3Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 4Philips, Gainesville, FL, United States |
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The default MRI scanner systems are not equipped with key technical resources for rapid deployment of novel non-Cartesian pulse sequence approaches. Here, we describe a Graphical Programming Interface-based (GPI) platform that is further embedded into the vendor reconstruction environment. This allows for comprehensive development and validation of new trajectories by integrating on-line MRI systems development with off-line resources such as MATLAB, which also enhances trainee-driven research efforts. This tool offers a set of resources including real-time display of MRI k-space and prototyping/characterization of sampling trajectory corrections that may simplify and streamline these non-Cartesian designs. |
| 4599 | Computer 55
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Novel calibration-free correction of field inhomogeneity artifacts in EPI using a structured low rank method |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, 2Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States |
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Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) is widely used in many dynamic imaging studies due to its capability to provide very good temporal resolution. However, the off-resonance artifacts due to long read out result in poor correspondence with structural scans and make data interpretation difficult. Here we introduce a novel framework, where the problem of artifact correction is transformed into a recovery of image time series from undersampled measurements. We exploit the exponential structure of the signal at every pixel along with the spatial smoothness of inhomogeneity map to recover the image series. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method. |
| 4600 | Computer 56
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Elimination of fold-in artefacts for gradient inserts by using the existing whole-body gradient in synergy |
1University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Spinoza Center for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands |
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The short encoding field of a gradient insert makes such a coil susceptible to fold-in artefacts, especially when operated along the z-direction. We propose a method that almost completely eliminates this fold-in artefact by using the whole-body z-gradient as pre-winder and gradient insert (also in z) as readout gradient. This causes signal from outside the linear region of the gradient insert to stay dephased, thus suppressing the signal that folds in. The proposed method is validated and quantified in simulation, and in experiments using a lightweight gradient insert that features a short encoding field. |
| 4601 | Computer 57
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Streak Artifact Suppression in Radial MRI by Automatic Coil Selection |
1Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States, 2Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States |
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Streak artifact is very common in radial sampled images. One way we can reduce the artifact is to remove individual streaky coils by visually identification. Although it may not be a hard work, it’s time-consuming, especially when it comes to a large number of images. This abstract aims at developing an algorithm that can automatically detect these streaky coils, and suppress streak artifacts in reconstructed images. |
| 4602 | Computer 58
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Metal Artifacts Reduction in DWI using Point Spread Function (PSF) Encoding |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Beijing, China, 2Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China, Beijing, China, 3Chao Yang Hospital, Beijing, China, 4Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China, 5Tsinghua University Yu Quan Hospital, Beijing, China |
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Though metal artifacts have been well-resolved in anatomical imaging by three dimensional multispectral imaging (3D-MSI) methods, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) near metallic implants still remains a challenge, impeding various clinical applications. Point-Spread-Function encoded EPI (PSF-EPI) combined with Tilted-CAIPI can achieve highly accelerated distortion- and blurring-free high resolution DWI. By using an additional phase encoding, artifacts induced by severe susceptibility inhomogeneity around metal can be reduced even under a high acceleration rate. The reliable performance of PSF-EPI technique in metal artifacts reduction in DWI is demonstrated on phantom, in vitro swine forearm and in vivo patients. |
| 4603 | Computer 59
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Comparison of Accelerated MAVRIC-SL with Robust-PCA and Conventional MAVRIC-SL in Evaluation of Symptomatic Total Hip Arthroplasties |
1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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The substantial reduction of off-resonance artifacts near metal by multi-spectral imaging sequences facilitates the postoperative use of MRI to evaluate total hip arthroplasty patients, but its long scan time can be difficult for patients to tolerate. A novel MAVRIC-SL method using robust principal component analysis (RPCA) recently showed 2.6-fold reduced scan time with comparable artifact suppression. In this study we compare a conventional MAVRIC-SL method with the RPCA-accelerated MAVRIC-SL method in 36 total hip arthroplasty cases. Our data demonstrate nearly equivalent clinical sensitivity of the RPCA MAVRIC-SL method to the conventional method with a mild loss of spatial resolution. |
| 4604 | Computer 60
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Pileup Artifact Correction Near Metal Implants Using Deep Neural Networks and Spectral K-Space Modulation |
1Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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Three-dimensional multispectral imaging (3D-MSI) techniques used for metal artifact correction can provide relatively clear images near most metallic implants. However, within localized regions near some implants, 3D-MSI demonstrate residual artifacts that are unlike any other artifact previously seen in MR images. These confounding features in 3D-MSI are known as “pileup” or “ring” artifacts. In this study, we present a novel approach to residual artifact correction in 3D-MSI that relies on 1) deep neural networks, 2) physical modeling of local gradients, and 3) k-space modulation and replacement of spectral data in compromised regions |
| 4605 | Computer 61
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2D Imaging near Metallic Implants at 0.5T using High Time-Bandwidth Product RF pulses |
1Research and Development, Synaptive Medical, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, ON, Canada |
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There are several benefits to reducing the main magnetic field strength including a reduction of imaging artefacts near metallic implants and the ability to significantly increase the peak B1+ of the RF pulses due to the reduction in SAR penalty. This enables higher time-bandwidth product (TBP) for a given RF pulse duration. In this work, we utilized high TBP RF pulses on a high-efficiency transmit coil and a 0.5T MR system to reduce through-plane distortions caused by metallic implants. In addition to characterizing through-plane distortions, the impact of these pulses on in-plane distortions and SAR were also characterized. |
| 4606 | Computer 62
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Clinical application of MAVRIC-SL in reducing metal implant artifacts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
1Radiology Department of China Medical University First Hospital, Shenyang, China, 2MR Application China, GE Healthcare, Shen Yang, China, 3GE Healthcare China, Beijing, China |
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Some anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions have metal implants, and metal scrap may remain in the surgical procedure. Metals in the conventional magnetic resonance sequence, especially in the fat suppression sequences, produce large artifacts that affect the observation of the surrounding structure. This study performed conventional sequences and MAVRIC-SL sequence scan for patients with metal implants after ACLR and analysis the images. Conclusions that the oblique sagittal MAVRIC-SL PDWI FS sequence can be used to assisting in the diagnosis of traditional oblique sagittal T2WI FS and PDWI sequence. |
| 4607 | Computer 63
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Novel use of the MAVRIC metal artifact reduction technique in MRI of the brain |
1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States |
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While multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination (MAVRIC) is a recognized technique for metal artifact reduction in muskuloskeletal MRI, it is not widely described for MRI of the central nervous system. We investigate the value of this technique for MRI of the brain in patients with MR conditional metal implants and find that MAVRIC-T1 is superior to conventional FSE T1 in both qualitative and quantitative metrics. |
| 4608 | Computer 64
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The influence of B0 drift on the performance of the PLANET method and an algorithm for correction |
1Center for Image Sciences, Imaging Division, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Department of Radiotherapy, Imaging Devision, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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The PLANET method has been recently proposed to quantify the relaxation parameters T1 and T2, the banding free magnitude, the local off-resonance ∆f0, and the RF phase from RF phase-cycled balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) data. The PLANET model requires a static B0 field over the course of the acquisition. However, due to gradient activity, B0 drift can happen. In this work we present a study of the influence of B0 drift on the performance of the method and we propose a strategy for correction. |
| 4609 | Computer 65
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Gaussianization of Diffusion MRI Magnitude Data Using Spatially Adaptive Phase Correction |
1Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 2University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States |
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We present a method of effective phase-correction of diffusion-weighted images with the goal of obtaining real-valued signals with zero-mean Gaussian distributed noise. Our method estimates the noise level locally and is hence well-suited for spatially-varying noise. |
| 4610 | Computer 66
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Eliminating susceptibility induced hyperintensities in ultra highd field T1w MPRAGE brain images |
1Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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Ultra high field brain MPRAGE images are commonly affected by local susceptibility induced hyperintensities, which are pronounced in inferior frontal lobe and inferior temporal lobe. In this work, we propose a straightforward approach by applying a frequency offset of 300Hz and widening the bandwidth by 40% to the hyperbolic secant inversion pulse provided by the standard MPRAGE sequence, to eliminate this artefact without introducing additional incomplete inversion through the brain. This approach was tested across different subjects and proven to have robust performance in artefact elimination against variable local frequency offsets. |
| 4611 | Computer 67
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B0 shim improvement in the inferior frontal lobe by head-tilting: feasibility and comparison with 3rd order shimming |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, Republic of, 2Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, IBS, Suwon, Korea, Republic of |
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Susceptibility-induced signal dropout and image quality impairment in the gradient-echo based imaging are well known problems in brain MRI at high fields. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of head-tilted brain scan as a means to reduce B0 inhomogeneity and associated gradient echo signal loss in the inferior frontal lobe (IFL), and compare the shim improvement with simulated 3rd order shimming in the whole brain. |
| 4612 | Computer 68
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Water-fat separation in spiral readout acquisition for the liver using the convolutional neural network: an approach to reduce blurring artifacts |
1Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan, 2MRIsimulations Inc., Tokyo, Japan |
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Water/fat separation algorithm for two-echo spiral acquisition in the liver was developed using the convolutional neural network (CNN). The processing in the CNN was performed in the sinogram domain. A Bloch simulator was used to simulate the phase error in the k-space caused by the off-resonance components of background and fat. A volunteer study showed the successful water/fat separation using the proposed method without additional echoes of reference scans. |
| 4613 | Computer 69
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Simultaneous multislice EPI reconstruction by incorporating split slice-GRAPPA with slice-dependent 2D Nyquist ghost correction (PEC-SP-SG) |
1Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 2Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 3Center for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia |
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Simultaneous multislice (SMS) EPI reconstruction is challenging due to slice-dependent 2D phase differences between opposite polarities, which is collapsed across slices. Additionally, slice leakage is one major concern in some applications including diffusion and functional MRI. The proposed SMS EPI reconstruction incorporates phase error correction with split slice-GRAPPA (PEC-SP-SG), and was evaluated using simulation, phantom and in vivo experiments. Results show that the proposed approach can offer a robust SMS EPI reconstruction with slice-dependent 2D Nyquist ghost correction, and provide a balance between slice leakage and in-plane artifacts. |
| 4614 | Computer 70
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Detection and Correction of MR EPI Data Corrupted by Spike Noise |
1Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Li Ka Shing Fadiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China |
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EPI-based MR images are prone to the spike artifact, which is usually caused by small electrical discharges i.e. sparks that emit radio frequency power within the bandwidth of the scanner receiving system 1 during the MR acquisition. Spike noise causes ripples or stripes covered on the object and can hamper the qualitative or quantitative analysis of the MR images. In this work, we developed a reliable technique that combines Robust Principal Component Analysis 2 (RCPA) with median filtering to robustly detect and correct spike-affected images in human pelvic diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). The overall image quality and the lesion conspicuity were improved after spike removal. |
| 4615 | Computer 71
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Cascaded Deep Learning Networks for Automated Image Quality Evaluation of Structural Brain MRI |
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States |
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Visual quality assessment of MRI is subjective and impractical for large datasets. In this study, we present a cascaded convolutional neural network (CNN) model for automated image quality evaluation of structural brain MRI. The multisite Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange dataset of ~1000 subjects was used to train and evaluate the proposed model. The model performance was compared with expert evaluation. The first network rated individual slices, and the second network combined the slice ratings into a final image score. The network achieved 74% accuracy, 69% sensitivity, and 74% specificity, demonstrating that deep learning can provide robust image quality evaluation. |
| 4616 | Computer 72
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Automatic Quality Assessment of Pediatric MRI via Nonlocal Residual Neural Networks |
1Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 2Univerisity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States |
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Manual MRI quality assessment is time-consuming, subjective, and error-prone. We show that image quality of contrast-varying pediatric MR images can be automatically assessed using deep learning with near-human accuracy. |
| 4617 | Computer 73
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MR Optimum – A web-based application for signal-to-noise ratio evaluation. |
1Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 3Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States |
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The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a commonly used metric to evaluate image quality and radiofrequency coil performance in MRI. However, its calculation could be challenging. Here we introduce MR Optimum, a novel web-based application for the evaluation of SNR. By means of a user-friendly web GUI, readily available via any internet browser, it provides access to various methods for SNR calculation. The computing unit can be installed on a local server or distributed over the cloud. Results can be visualized, analyzed and exported in various formats. MR Optimum could help standardizing how SNR is calculated and reported in scientific publications. |
| 4618 | Computer 74
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An Investigation into the Origins of an MRI Artifact Induced by Increasing Temperature |
1Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada |
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An artifact has been observed in pure water samples after increasing the temperature above 25 °C, regardless of the heating mechanism. This study aims to determine the origins of the temperature-induced artifact by using MR thermometry and T1 relaxation to investigate samples containing increasing concentrations of agar. The addition of a small concentration (0.1%) of agar eliminates the temperature artifact suggesting that the increased viscosity of the samples decreases convection currents. Moreover, this addition of a small concentration of agar study provides a practical means of experimentally scanning samples at physiological temperature. |
| 4619 | Computer 75
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General Abnormality Detection in MR Images using a Generative Adversarial Network |
1Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany, 2University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany |
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In this study, a Generative Adversarial Network is used for detection of abnormalities in MR brain images such as lesions, artifacts etc. Given a query image, a generative model that is trained to create normal appearing brain images is used to find a best match. Since abnormalities cannot be reproduced accurately by the generative model, pathologies and artifacts become apparent. |
| 4620 | Computer 76
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On the Effective Centre of Excitation and the Point of Gradient Moment Expansion for 2D-Selective Excitation in the Presence of Flow |
1Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany, 2Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 3Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany |
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In this work, we demonstrate the distinction and importance of two virtual time points during excitation for correct flow compensation and quantification: the centre of excitation ($$$t_0^\text{m}$$$) at which spins are excited and thus magnitude is generated, and the isophase time-point ($$$t_0^\text{ph}$$$) at which all excited spins are in phase. A general method to determine $$$t_0^\text{m}$$$ is presented and $$$t_0^\text{ph}$$$ and $$$t_0^\text{m}$$$ are shown to be not necessarily identical. Finally, phantom experiments demonstrate that the knowledge of $$$t_0^\text{m}$$$ is required to remove the displacement artefact in phase-encoding directions to enable correct flow compensation and imaging. |
| 4621 | Computer 77
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Quantum-Inspired RF Pulse Optimization |
1Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States, 3Microsoft, Redmond, WA, United States, 4Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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RF pulse design is crucial in creating the desired magnetization profile which is the basis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. There are various methods to generate the RF pulse and gradient waveforms based on Fourier relationships, filter design, or optimizations. These methods rely on assumptions and approximations due to computational power constraints. Here we present preliminary results of using quantum inspired algorithms for Bloch simulation and RF pulse design optimization. |
| 4622 | Computer 78
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Improved Accuracy of FLASH-based B1+ Mapping by Optimization of the Fourier Encoding Matrix |
1Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, 2Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada |
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FLASH-B1 mapping with a Fourier-encoding scheme works only for a limited range of flip-angles due to pronounced saturation effects that occur for short TR. The transmit voltage can be adjusted to satisfy this requirement in problematic Fourier combinations that have high dynamic range. However, this results in an unnecessary reduction of the dynamic range in combinations that are already within the accepted range. This study addresses this problem by optimizing the Fourier encoding matrix such that the flip-angle is reduced only in regions of high flip-angle in the problematic combinations. |
| 4623 | Computer 79
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BEEEP: B1-robust Energy Efficient Excitation Pulses |
1CREATIS, Villerubanne, France, 2Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany, 3Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Dijon, France |
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This study introduces a new family of broadband B1-robust excitation (90°) pulses for MRI with large enough bandwidth (+/- 1 kHz) to account for static field inhomogeneities, and minimal energy deposition. RF pulses are designed with a regularized optimal control algorithm, which is able to adapt the pulse B1-robustness range to fit the coil limits in terms of peak amplitude and energy. In vitro acquisitions using an endoluminal-shaped RF transmit coil show comparable excitation profiles than BIR4 pulses, although BEEEP pulses deposit 5.2 times less energy. |
| 4624 | Computer 80
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A Simple Method for Constrained Optimal Control RF Pulse Design |
1Imaging Centre of Excellence, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 3Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States |
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Optimal control (OC) methods for RF pulse design are useful in cases where the small-tip angle (STA) approximation is violated. Furthermore, designs with physically meaningful constraints (e.g., RF peak amplitude and integrated power) eliminate the need for parameter tuning to create realizable pulses. In this abstract we introduce a constrained fast OC method that easily generalizes to a variety of RF pulse designs. We demonstrate with examples of SMS and spectral prewinding pulses in simulation and in vivo. The constrained fast OC method guarantees that RF pulses will meet physical constraints while outperforming their non-OC counterparts. |
| 4625 | Computer 81
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RF pulse design via time optimal control for combined excitation, refocusing and inversion |
1Institute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria, 2Institute for Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Graz, Austria |
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This work demonstrates a constrained joint design of minimum duration RF pulse and slice selective gradient waveforms for combined SMS excitation, refocusing and inversion scenarios. A hybrid trust-region semismooth Newton/quasi-Newton method with exact derivatives via adjoint calculus is used to solve the time optimal problem on fine spatial and temporal grids. Specific hardware and safety constraints, including maximal RF, slice selective gradient, slew rate amplitudes as well as global SAR estimates, guarantee practical applicability. High-resolution GRE, crushed SE and inversion recovery GRE slice profile measurements on a 3T MR system validate the numerical results. |
| 4626 | Computer 82
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PASTeUR: Package of Anatomical Sequences using parallel Transmission UniveRsal kT-point pulses |
1Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 2Siemens Healthineers, Saint Denis, France, 3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, 4Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, 5Scannexus, Maastricht, Netherlands, 6Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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Despite its power to counteract the inevitable radiofrequency field inhomogeneity problem at ultra-high field, parallel transmission has failed to be embraced by the community in routine due to a cumbersome workflow. Universal pulses have shown great potential to circumvent this problem by providing plug and play solutions. Here we validate a package of 3D anatomical sequences for a given commercial coil covering multiple contrasts for use in clinical routine and including, thanks to their versatility, very few pulse solutions. The utilization of universal kT-points enables direct embedding of these pulses in the sequences and easy handling of the power/SAR limits. |
| 4627 | Computer 83
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3D Selective RF and Gradient Waveforms designed by using a GPU Accelerated Genetic Algorithm |
1Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom |
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The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is motivated by the process of natural selection, allowing mutliple initialisations. Due to the stochastic nature of genetic algorithms they are beneficial in avoiding local minima, although they can require significantly more function evaluations to run than a traditional solver. In this work, motivated by the field of shape optimisation, an approach is taken to perform the joint design of RF and gradient waveforms using a GA with a GPU-accelerated iterative solver. |
| 4628 | Computer 84
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Spin Lock Adiabatic Correction (SLAC) of BIR4 pulses for increased B1-insensitivity at 7T |
1Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 2Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 3Department of Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia, 4Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (Islamic Republic of), 5Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (Islamic Republic of), 6Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia |
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Inhomogeneous B1 excitation impedes image quality, particularly at high field. Adiabatic pulse modulation ameliorates this effect, however super-adiabatic properties can be exploited to further improve performance. Spin Lock Adiabatic Correction (SLAC) pulses can be applied to any adiabatic pulse shape, through reduction of flip angle inaccuracies induced by B1 variability. In this work, SLAC is derived for BIR4 pulse shapes, and the superior performance of SLAC-BIR4 is demonstrated in both simulation and phantom experiments at 7T. The SLAC procedure is an attractive analytical alternative to numerical optimisation of adiabatic pulses. |
| 4629 | Computer 85
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Sensing low-frequency, low-amplitude AC magnetic fields at ultra-low field with steady-state SIRS |
1Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States |
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In this work, we demonstrate a method to detect low-frequency, low-amplitude AC magnetic fields in an ultra-low-field (ULF) MRI system using a steady-state implementation of the Stimulus-Induced Rotary Saturation (SIRS) method. The method optimizes SNR efficiency by applying the SIRS mechanism in a bSSFP scan. This approach takes advantage of the low SAR and small absolute B0 deviations of the ULF system. We describe simulation results, show a clear signal response in phantoms, and describe an in vivo protocol for using the method to detect response from an auditory stimulus. |
| 4630 | Computer 86
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PAREWISE: High-bandwidth, reduced-rephase, slice-selective excitation pulses for high-field spectroscopy |
1Canon Medical Research USA, Mayfield Village, OH, United States |
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To meet the localization needs of high-field spectroscopy, new high-bandwidth computer-optimized RF excitation pulses have been generated, featuring phase modulation, t=0 points near the end of the pulse duration, B1 insensitivity over a ±15% range, and sharp excitation profiles. In the design process, a maximum amplitude of 1 kHz was imposed, and bandwidth was increased by stepping up the pulse length from 5 to 11 ms. Both 90° and 60° flip angles have been investigated thus far. |
| 4631 | Computer 87
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3D Inner Volume Imaging with 3D Tailored Outer Volume Suppression RF pulses |
1fMRI Lab, Univ. of Michigan., Ann Arbor, MI, United States |
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3D inner-volume (IV) steady-state imaging is a candidate for, e.g., high-resolution BOLD fMRI, but it can be challenging to achieve sufficient outer-volume (OV) signal suppression. This is particularly true for 3D tailored RF pulses that excite an arbitrary 3D IV (e.g., a cylinder of finite height) thus enabling fast non-Cartesian readouts, as 3D IV pulses are more difficult to design than 2D tailored pulses. We propose to insert a 3D tailored OV suppression pulse to help suppress OV steady-state signal in 3D IV imaging sequences that use 3D tailored IV excitation pulses. We show that this strategy can substantially improve the IV signal profile for commonly used and emerging steady-state sequences such as spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR), balanced SSFP, and small-tip fast-recovery (STFR). |
| 4632 | Computer 88
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Spiral RARE with annular segmentation |
1Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany |
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We present a new approach to spiral RARE with annular segmentation. Annular segmentation leads to monotonous T2-dependent weighting of signal amplitudes across k-space and thus to very benign artifact behavior. Preliminary results show that single shot images (128x128) of decent quality can be acquired without fat suppression and without field inhomogeneity correction. By cyclic shifting of the spiral segments quantitative T1- and/or T2- images can be acquired in a few seconds. Sequence implementation was performed swiftly and efficiently in MatLab with the vendor independent Pulseq sequence development environment. |
| 4633 | Computer 89
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A Novel Approach to Investigate 1D TRASE MRI Pulse Sequence Performance in Imperfect B1 Fields |
1University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, 2University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada |
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The Transmit Array Spatial Encoding (TRASE) MRI technique uses transmit radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field (B1) phase gradients for spatial encoding. Imaging performance is reliant on |B1| homogeneity. This study investigates the performance of a set of variants of 1-dimensional |
| 4634 | Computer 90
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AZTEK: Adaptive Zero TE K-space trajectories |
1IR4M, CNRS, Orsay, France, 2IR4M, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, 3IR4M, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France, 4Applications & Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France, 5Applications & Workflow, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States, 6Applications & Workflow, GE Healthcare, Garching bei München, Germany |
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Because of short signal lifetimes and respiratory motion, 3D MR lung imaging is still challenging today. Zero TE (ZTE) pulse sequences are promising as they overcome the problem of short T2*. Nevertheless, because of the continuous readout gradients they require, their k-space trajectories are non-optimal for retrospective gating. We propose AZTEK, a 3D radial trajectory featuring several tuning parameters to adapt the acquisition to any moving organ while keeping a smooth transition between consecutive spokes. The increase in image quality was validated with static and moving phantom experiments, and demonstrated with dynamic thoracic imaging performed on a human volunteer. |
| 4635 | Computer 91
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Redesigned Variable-Density Cones Trajectory for High Resolution MR Imaging |
1Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Lab (MRSRL), Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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The 3D cones trajectory has been employed for various applications. In this work we transform the task of designing the cones trajectory into a generic procedure of discretizing an analytic coordinate. We present a new discretization scheme with a spiral path on a unit sphere, which enables allocation of readout interleaves on distinct conic surfaces for any given number of readouts. Subsequently, we derive the relationship between the sampling density of each interleaf and that of overall interleaves, which allows us matching the sampling density of the cones trajectory to the 1/f-model of 3D images. |
| 4636 | Computer 92
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Silent Structural Imaging and T1-mapping with a Rapid-Radial Twice-Prepared (R2P2) Sequence |
1Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2ASL Europe, GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany |
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We combined the MP2RAGE sequence with a silent radial ZTE readout and acquired a high-contrast, high-SNR T1-weighted image and quantitative T1 map at 0.9mm isotropic resolution at 3T free from B1-inhomogeneity. This has potential for high resolution structural imaging of populations that would not otherwise tolerate MRI due to the acoustic noise of standard sequences. |
| 4637 | Computer 93
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Improving pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling at ultra-high field using a VERSE-guided parallel transmission strategy |
1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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Implementing ASL at ultra-high field is challenging due to increased specific absorption rate (SAR), along with B1+ and B0 inhomogeneity. Parallel transmission (pTx) provides additional degrees of freedom to mitigate B1+ inhomogeneity. Among various pTx strategies, RF shimming is a simple formulation that modulates the complex weights of each RF channel. In this study, we explored the possibility of using VERSE to further improve PCASL at 7T, and VERSE-guided RF shimming was shown to achieve improved SNR in perfusion-weighted images over power-matched Circularly-Polarised (CP) mode and RF-shimmed Gaussian labelling schemes. |
| 4638 | Computer 94
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Quiet Dixon Imaging with Looping Star Sequence |
1Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany, 2Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands |
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Dixon imaging with a conventional bipolar multi-gradient-echo sequence is often loud, mainly because of rapid switching of the strong readout gradient. In this work, the feasibility of using the Looping Star sequence instead is explored, which was recently introduced for quiet radial multi-gradient-echo imaging. Different variants of a dual-acquisition Looping Star sequence are proposed and demonstrated to allow a robust water-fat separation in phantom and volunteer experiments. |
| 4639 | Computer 95
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Universal Parallel Transmit Pulse Design for 3-Dimensional Local-Excitation – A 9.4T Simulation Study |
1Hochfeld-Magnetresonanz, Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik, Tübingen, Germany |
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This study introduces a parallel-transmission (pTx) radio-frequency (RF) pulse-design-method to create an universal pTx RF-pulse that excites the same 3-dimensional local excitation pattern with a desired flip-angle in different human heads at 9.4T. Thus, it prospectively abandons the need for time-consuming subject specific B1+ mapping and pTx-pulse calculation during the scan session. The resulting universal pulses created magnetization profiles with an only marginal worse Normalized-Root-Mean-Square-Error (NRMSE) compared to the magnetization profiles produced by the pulses tailored to individual heads. |
| 4640 | Computer 96
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A K-means Clustering Algorithm for MRI Virtual Observation Points Compression in Local SAR Supervision |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, 2Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States |
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Virtual observation point (VOP) compression has become a standard technique to address SAR and temperature constraints in MRI parallel transmission (pTx) design. SAR matrices need to be pre-averaged for the regions of interest, and finally be conservatively compressed to a much smaller set of SAR matrices (i.e. VOPs) that is still capable of reliably calculating a peak spatial SAR. We demonstrated a new approach that used a k-means algorithm for VOP compression. The new VOP compression method does not yield any under-estimation but allows for a lower over-estimation in the peak local SAR prediction. |
| 4641 | Computer 97
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Aliased Coil Compression |
1Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands |
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Cartesian sub-sampling patterns play a major role in routine MRI, usually reconstructed using GRAPPA or SENSE and image based regularization. Coil compression is commonly applied to reduce computational load and noise. Software coil compression achieves only mediocre compression factors without compromising signal. Geometrical/ESPIRiT coil-compression use fully-sampled axes, when availables, to improve compression factors without reducing signal or reconstruction level. In this work we present Aliased Coil Compression for Cartesian subsampling patterns, achieving optimal compression without any signal loss. The method is especially useful for alleviating fast image-domain regularization (compressed sensing or deep learning) for available sequences. |
| 4642 | Computer 98
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Zoomed 3D GRE EPI utilizing a Segmented 2D Selective RF Pulse Excitation |
1Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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Segmented 2D selective RF pulse excitation is introduced in 3D-EPI for zoomed imaging. The feasibility of the 2D selective pulse segmentation was tested in phantom and in vivo brain measurements. The segmented pulse excitation provided nearly identical excitation profile to a non-segmented pulse excitation. In zoomed in vivo brain imaging, the segmented pulse excitation showed conspicuous improvement of susceptibility artifacts around the frontal sinus. |
| 4643 | Computer 99
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Rapid multi-dimensional RF pulse design with deep learning |
1Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, 2Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark |
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For multi-dimensional RF pulses, neural networks and deep learning may boost the clinical applicability by allowing very rapid pulse predictions, based on offline training and offline generated training libraries. This can potentially offer opportunities, for example, to revive slow, abandoned pulse design techniques, or to include many more constraints or complexities into the pulse designs that until now were infeasible to bring into a clinical setting, since the neural network will simply learn the features of the training library. We are demonstrating the principle with numerical simulations, and phantom and in vivo experiments. |
| 4644 | Computer 101
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An Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach for Reconstructing Arterial Spin Labeling Images from Noisy Data |
1Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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Recently convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to computer vision tasks and attracted growing interests in medical imaging. One barrier for the application of deep neural networks is the need of large amounts of training pairs, which are not always available in clinical practice. Inspired by the deep image prior method, this work presents a new image reconstruction framework based on CNN representation where no training pairs and pre-training are needed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by performing denoising and image reconstruction using noisy arterial spin labeling (ASL) data with and without undersampling. |
| 4645 | Computer 102
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Unsupervised Learning for Improved Fidelity Multi-contrast MRI |
1Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States |
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Multi-contrast MRI acquisitions from a single scan have tremendous potential to streamline exams and reduce imaging time. However, maintaining clinically feasible scan times necessitates significant undersampling, pushing the limits on compressed sensing and other low-dimensional techniques. While learning methods have been proposed to overcome this limitation, they rely on fully sampled data for training, which are difficult to obtain for multi-dimensional imaging. Here, we present an unsupervised learning approach based on convolutional sparse coding, which learns a structured convolutional dictionary directly from undersampled k-space datasets. We apply the proposed method to T2 Shuffling knee datasets and demonstrate improvements to image sharpness and relaxation dynamics compared to the locally low-rank reconstruction. |
| 4646 | Computer 103
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Signal Stability and Sensitivity of Referenceless Reconstructions by a Neural Network in Simultaneous Multi-Slice Imaging |
1MR-Imaging & Spectroscopy, Faculty 01 (Physics/Electrical Engineering), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, 2MR Physics, Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany, 3Fraunhofer IIS, Würzburg, Germany |
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A deep neural network for reconstruction of SMS data without the need of additional reference data to calibrate for the spatial encoding information of the multi-coil receiver is presented. Noise-propagation through the reconstruction process is investigated in form of g-factors. Simulations with pseudo-multiple replicas showed robustness and stability of this new method. In addition, the sensitivity for physiological signal variations of this approach is considered in BOLD-signal dynamics. Results are compared to conventional methods like split slice-GRAPPA. |
| 4647 | Computer 104
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LORAKI: Reconstruction of Undersampled k-space Data using Scan-Specific Autocalibrated Recurrent Neural Networks |
1Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, India |
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We introduce LORAKI, a novel MRI reconstruction method that bridges two powerful existing approaches (LORAKS and RAKI). Like RAKI (a deep learning extension of GRAPPA), LORAKI trains a scan-specific autocalibrated convolutional neural network (which only relies on autocalibration data, and does not require external training data) to interpolate missing k-space samples. However, unlike RAKI, LORAKI is based on a recurrent convolutional neural network architecture that is motivated by the iterated convolutional structure of a certain LORAKS algorithm. LORAKI is very flexible and can accommodate arbitrary k-space sampling patterns. Experimental results suggest LORAKI can have better reconstruction performance than state-of-the-art methods. |
| 4648 | Computer 105
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Unpaired Super-Resolution GANs for MR Image Reconstruction |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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While undersampled MRI data is easy to obtain, lack of high-quality labels for dynamic organs impedes the common supervised training of deep neural nets for MRI reconstruction. We propose an unpaired training super-resolution model with pure GAN loss to use a minimal amount of labels but all available low-quality data for training. Leveraging Wasserstein-GANs with gradient penalty followed by a data-consistency refinement high-quality Knee MR images are recovered from 3-fold undersampled single coil measurements using 20% of the labels compared with a paired training model. |
| 4649 | Computer 106
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Semi-Supervised Learning for Reconstructing Under-Sampled MR Scans |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Supervised deep-learning approaches have been applied to MRI reconstruction, and these approaches were demonstrated to significantly improve the speed of reconstruction by parallelizing the computation and using a pre-trained neural network model. However, for many applications, ground-truth images are difficult or impossible to acquire. In this study, we propose a semi-supervised deep-learning method, which enables us to train a deep neural network for MR reconstruction without using fully-sampled images. |
| 4650 | Computer 107
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Deep learning aided compressed sensing for accelerated cardiac cine MRI |
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany |
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A reconstruction technique for accelerated functional cardiac MRI is presented that exploits a convolutional neural network trained for semantic segmentation of undersampled data. The idea is inspired by the experience that the human eye is capable of distinguishing between typical undersampling artifacts and cardiac shape and/or motion, even for high acceleration factors. The temporal courses of the segmentations determined by the network are used for an efficient sparsification within a compressed sensing algorithm. |
| 4651 | Computer 108
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W-net: A Hybrid Compressed Sensing MR Reconstruction Model |
1Radiology and Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2Seaman Family MR Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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Compressed sensing (CS) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging acquisitions reduce MR exam times by decreasing the amount of data acquired during acquisition, while still reconstructing high quality images. Deep learning methods have the advantage of reconstructing images in a single step as opposed to iterative (and slower) CS methods. Our proposal aims to leverage information from both k-space and image domains, in contrast to most other deep-learning methods that only use image domain information. We compare our W-net model against four recently published deep-learning-based methods. We achieved second best results in the quantitative analysis, but with more visually pleasing reconstructions. |
| 4652 | Computer 109
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Deep Scaled Domain Learning for Compressed MRI using Optional Scaling Transform |
1Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan |
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Image domain learning designed for image denoiser has superior performance when aliasing artifacts are incoherent; however, its performances will be degraded if the artifacts show small incoherency. In this work, a novel image domain learning CNN is proposed in which images are transformed to scaled space to improve the incoherency of artifacts. Simulation and experiments showed that the quality of obtained image was fairly improved especially for lower sampling rate and the quality was further improved by cascaded network. It was also shown that the resultant PSNR exceeded one of the transform learning method. |
| 4653 | Computer 110
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FlowNet: High-Speed Compressed Sensing 4D Flow MRI Image Reconstruction using Loop Unrolling |
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland |
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A variational neural network for the reconstruction of compressed sensing 4D flow MRI is presented. Nine iterations of an iterative reconstruction are unfolded in a neural network which was trained using eight retrospectively undersampled datasets. A phase-invariant network architecture was designed with two types of filter operations, one with equal real and imaginary component and the other operating on image magnitude only. The method is shown to outperform spatial regularization in the Wavelet domain. A retrospectively undersampled patient scan demonstrates that the network can reconstruct pathologies based on healthy training samples. Reconstruction of prospectively undersampled 4D flow MRI shows good agreement of peak velocities and peak flow. |
| 4654 | Computer 111
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Multi-scale Unrolled Deep Learning Network for Accelerated MRI |
1Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States |
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Model prior based reconstruction and data-centric prior reconstruction are two strong paradigms in image reconstruction inverse problems. In this abstract, we propose a framework that integrates the model prior and data-centric multi-scale deep learning priors for reconstructing magnetic resonance images (MRI) from undersampled k-space data. The proposed framework brings together the best of both paradigms and has proven superior to conventional accelerated MRI reconstruction techniques. |
| 4655 | Computer 112
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Dual-domain Generative Adversarial Model for Accelerated MRI Reconstruction |
1Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Subtle Medical, Menlo Park, CA, United States, 4Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States, 5Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 6Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Previous CS frameworks based on Deep Learning like GANCS have demonstrated improved quality and efficiency. To further improve the restoration of the high-frequency details and the suppression of aliasing artifacts, a data-driven regularization is explicitly added on the k-space, in the form of an adversarial loss (GAN). In this work, the cross-domain generative adversarial model is trained and evaluated on diverse datasets and show decent generalization ability. For both quantitative comparison and visual inspection, the proposed method achieves better reconstruction than previous networks. |
| 4656 | Computer 113
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Dynamic Multi-Coil Reconstruction using Variational Networks |
1Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria, 2Institute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria, 3BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria |
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In this work, we present a variational network for reconstructing dynamic multi-coil data. Incorporation of parallel imaging increases the acceleration potential due to additional spatial information, but was not considered so far in other learning-based reconstruction approaches for dynamic MRI. We show that variational network reconstructions with learned spatio-temporal regularization lead to further improvements in image quality compared to state-of-the-art Compressed Sensing approaches for different CINE cardiac datasets and acceleration factors with 10-times faster reconstruction time. |
| 4657 | Computer 114
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Pseudo-Cartesian k-Space Interpolation Using Artificial Neural Networks |
1Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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This work aims to extend the RAKI method for artificial intelligence-based k-space interpolation to non-Cartesian acquisitions. It was tested in radial acquisitions up to acceleration factors of 7. This method performs similarly well, or better than total-variation regularized sensitivity encoding. |
| 4658 | Computer 115
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A Reference-Free Convolutional Neural Network Model for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reconstruction from Under-Sampled k-Space |
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, 2MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China, 3Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China |
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We used a reference-free model based on convolutional neural network (RF-CNN) to reconstruct the under-sampled magnetic resonance images. The model was trained without fully sampled image (FS) as the reference. We compared our model with the traditional compressed sensing reconstruction (CS) and the CNN model trained by FS. Mean square error and structure similarity were used to evaluate the model. Our RF-CNN model performed better than CS, but did not perform as good as usual CNN model. |
| 4659 | Computer 116
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Parallel Imaging in Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography Using Deep Multi-Stream Convolutional Neural Networks |
1Electrical Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea, Republic of |
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A deep parallel imaging network (“DPI-net”) was developed to reconstruct 3D multi-channel MRA from undersampled data. It comprises two deep-learning networks: a network of multi-stream |
| 4660 | Computer 117
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Parallel Imaging based on k-x Domain Interpolation using Deep Neural Networks |
1Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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In this study, we compare two deep learning approaches to reconstruct multi-channel magnetic resonance (MR) images subsampled along phase-encoding (PE) direction. They are both based on the Fully-Connected (FC) layers but are performed in two different domains : Image domain, and k-x domain which is 1D inverse Fourier transformed (IFT) k-space. We demonstrate that the latter method shows superior performance to the former one in terms of removing the aliasing artifacts and recovering the details of MR images. The performance of the proposed method to the conventional MR reconstruction on image domain was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. |
| 4661 | Computer 118
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Non-Cartesian k-space Deep Learning for Accelerated MRI |
1Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of |
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The annihilating filter-based low-rank Hankel matrix approach (ALOHA) [1] is one of the most recent compressed sensing (CS) approaches that directly interpolates the missing k-space data using low-rank Hankel matrix completion. Inspired by the recent low-rank Hankel matrix decomposition using data-driven framelet basis [2], we propose a completely data-driven deep learning algorithm for k-space interpolation. In particular, our method can be applied directly by simply adding an additional re-gridding layer to non-Cartesian k-space trajectories such as radial trajectories. |
| 4662 | Computer 119
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Accelerated 3D Non-Cartesian Reconstruction with Deep Learning |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States, 3Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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In this work, we demonstrate the application of a non-Cartesian unrolled architecture in reconstructing images from undersampled 3D cones datasets. One shown application of this method is for reconstructing undersampled 3D image-based navigators (iNAVs), which enable monitoring of beat-to-beat nonrigid heart motion during a cardiac scan. The proposed non-Cartesian unrolled network architecture provides similar outcomes as l1-ESPiRIT in one-twentieth of the time, and the reconstructions exhibit robustness when using an undersampled 3D cones trajectory. |
| 4663 | Computer 120
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Data Consistency Networks for (Calibration-less) Accelerated Parallel MR Image Reconstruction |
1Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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We present simple reconstruction networks for multi-coil data by extending deep cascade of CNN’s and exploiting the data consistency layer. In particular, we propose two variants, where one is inspired by POCSENSE and the other is calibration-less. We show that the proposed approaches are competitive relative to the state of the art both quantitatively and qualitatively. |
| 4664 | Computer 121
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Fast estimation of GRAPPA kernel using Meta-learning |
1Bio and Brain Eng., KAIST, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of |
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This paper proposes an accelerated MR reconstruction method for parallel imaging from uniformly undersampled k-space data by learning scan-specific GRAPPA kernel using the long short-term memory network (LSTM). In particular, the meta-leaner LSTM is redesigned to quickly estimate the GRAPPA kernel for each k-space from its auto-calibration signals (ACS). The proposed method shows improved reconstruction performance with minimum error. |
| 4665 | Computer 122
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Deep Plug-and-Play Prior for Parallel MRI Reconstruction |
1Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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Fast data acquisition in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is vastly in demand and scan time directly depends on the number of acquired k-space samples. Conventional MRI reconstruction methods for fast MRI acquisition mostly relied on different regularizers which represent analytical models of sparsity. However, recent data-driven methods based on deep learning has resulted in promising improvements in image reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, we propose a deep plug-and-play prior framework for parallel MRI reconstruction problems which utilize a deep neural network (DNN) as an advanced denoiser within an iterative method. We demonstrate that a deep plug-and-play prior framework for parallel MRI reconstruction with a regularization that adapts to the data itself results in excellent reconstruction accuracy and outperforms the clinical gold standard GRAPPA method. |
| 4666 | Computer 123
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A Cascaded Residual Dense Network for Cardiac MR Imaging |
1Research center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China, 2Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States |
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Cardiac MR imaging plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. But the long scan time limits its wide applications. To accelerate data acquisition, deep learning based methods have been applied to effectively reconstruct the undersampled images. However, current deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based methods do not make full use of the hierarchical features from different convolutional layers, which impedes their performances. In this work, we propose a cascaded residual dense network (C-RDN) for dynamic MR image reconstruction with both local features and global features being fully explored. Our proposed C-RDN achieves the best performance on in vivo datasets compared to the iterative optimization methods and the state-of-the-art CNN method. |
| 4667 | Computer 124
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Reconstruction of high undersampling rate images using a cascade of convolutional neural networks |
1Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, 2Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China |
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Imaging speed is important in many magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications because long scan time increases the risk of artifacts. At present, reconstruction method based on compressed sensing and deep learning significantly increases the speed of MRI scan. However, the performance of current models is not good at high undersampling rate. Here we used a large dataset to improve the undersampling rate of a CNN based MR reconstruction while maintaining high image quality. Our results showed an average 2.6% root-mean-square error in reconstructing from 16-fold undersampling k-space, which outperforms traditional method. |
| 4668 | Computer 125
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Deep MRI Reconstruction without Ground Truth for Training |
1Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States, 2Electrical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States, 3Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Deep learning has recently been applied to image reconstruction from undersampled k-space data with success. Most existing works require both undersampled data and ground truth image as the training pair. It is not practical to obtain a large number of ground truth images for training in some MR applications. Here a novel deep learning network is studied for image reconstruction using only undersampled data for training. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of training without the ground truth images for image reconstruction. |
| 4669 | Computer 126
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High-Resolution Simultaneous Mapping of Brain Function and Metabolism |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 2Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China |
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We present a new method for simultaneous mapping of brain function and metabolism. This method provides an unprecedented capability to simultaneously obtain high-resolution metabolic maps (2.4×2.4×3.0 mm3) and brain functional maps (3.0×3.0×2.6 mm3) of the whole brain coverage (230×230×120 mm3) in 8 minutes. The proposed method extends the subspace-based imaging framework of the SPICE technique with a new data acquisition scheme and exploits the complementary information between MRSI and fMRI signals for high-quality image reconstruction. Brain imaging experiments have been carried out, demonstrating the impressive capability of our method. With further improvement, the method can provide an unprecedented tool for mapping brain function and metabolism simultaneously. |
| 4670 | Computer 127
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CSF-suppressed T2 weighted imaging at 7T |
1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 2UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States |
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T2-weighted lesional imaging is most commonly performed using inversion recovery turbo spin echoes. At 7T, however, this acquisition is limited for specific absorption rate and resolution. We implement a strategy that uses a driven equilibrium spin-echo preparation within an inversion recovery with multiple 3D gradient-echo imaging blocks to generate CSF-suppressed T2 weighted sensitivity. Images are combined using the self-normalization approach. Data acquired with an 8x2 transceiver array are shown to demonstrate sensitivity in brain tumors and epilepsy. |
| 4671 | Computer 128
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Visualizing the Myocardium in-vivo with a 3D uTE Acquisition |
1Canon Medical Research USA, Mayfield Village, OH, United States, 2Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara-shi, Japan |
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A dark blood 3D uTE acquisition scheme with an MSDE pre-pulse is shown to provide suppression of flowing blood, while maintaining good definition of the myocardium. |
| 4672 | Computer 129
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Optimize Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE protocol for the study of Short-term Apparent Change (SAC) of Grey Matter in Motor Training |
1Department of Medical Radiation and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinsak University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden |
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To assess the extent and dynamics of short-term apparent change (SAC) of GM in motor training we investigated how the VBM results are affected by the different levels of acceleration of the MP-RAGE sequence using the wave-CAIPI technique which provides highly accelerated MPRAGE imaging and retain high image quality. The optimized wave-CAIPI MPRAGE imaging protocol overcomes the g-factor noise amplification penalty and allows for over an order of magnitude acceleration of MPRAGE imaging in VBM studies. The standard and wave-CAIPI MPRAGE sequences have different sensitivity in detecting SAC of GM likely due to their differences in noise and contrast characteristics. |
| 4673 | Computer 130
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Simultaneous B1- and Fat-Corrected T1 Mapping Using Chemical-Shift Encoded MRI |
1Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 4Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 5Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 6Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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Spatially varying B1 inhomogeneities and tissue fat are known to be confounders of quantitative T1 mapping methods that use multiple flip-angle techniques. Separately acquired B1 calibration maps can be used to correct flip angle errors caused by B1 inhomogeneities, but this requires an additional acquisition. In this work we propose a comprehensive approach that combines concepts from actual flip-angle imaging with variable flip-angle imaging to simultaneously estimate B1 inhomogeneity, T1, proton density fat-fraction and R2*. The feasibility and noise performance of this joint acquisition and fitting approach are evaluated using Cramer-Rao Lower Bound analysis, simulations, phantom experiments, and preliminary in vivo examples. |
| 4674 | Computer 131
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Robust R1rho asymmetry performed with optimal B1 selection |
1Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong |
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The measurement of R1rho (1/T1rho) spectrum and its asymmetry have several advantages over Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) and Chemical Exchange Spin-lock (CESL). It is recently becoming one of the important approaches for probing the chemical exchange process. In this work, we demonstrated the advantage of R1rho asymmetry over |
| 4675 | Computer 132
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Super-resolution MRI with 2D Phaseless Encoding |
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland |
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Super-resolution MRI with 1D phaseless encoding achieves high-resolution with immunity to shot-dependent phase fluctuation by simultaneously acquiring multiple k-space bands. We now explore a 2D extension of this technique to facilitate more k-space sampling strategies. Two distinct encoding schemes were analyzed and tested with EPI acquisition. By properly adjusting the overlapping of the mixed k-space bands, the 2D phaseless encoding could also be combined with the spiral acquisition. The amplitude modulation caused by band overlapping was eliminated by an inverse filter during reconstruction. The overlapped bands regions were also exploited to provide information about unexpected bands errors for post-processing corrections. |
| 4676 | Computer 133
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Super-resolution based on the Signal Extrapolation in Phase scrambling Fourier Transform Imaging using Deep Convolutional Neural Network |
1Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan |
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The signal obtained in phase scrambling Fourier transform imaging can be extrapolated beyond sampling length after data acquisition like Half-phase encoding method. To realize the method for phase varied images, precise phase distribution map is required. In this paper, a new post-processing super resolution in PSFT imaging is proposed in which deep convolution neural network (CNN) is used and phase map is not required. Simulation and experimental results showed that spatial resolution was fairly improved with signal extrapolation and the improvement of spatial resolution is proportional to the strength of phase scrambling coefficient. |
| 4677 | Computer 134
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Semi-Classical Signal Analysis Method with Soft-Thresholding for MRS denoising |
1Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) division, King Abdullah University of Sciences and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 2Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Ghent, Gent, Belgium, 3Department of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Ghent, Gent, Belgium, 4Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, ON, Canada |
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A Semi-Classical Signal Analysis (SCSA) method with soft thresholding is proposed for MRSI denoising. The SCSA takes advantage of the pulse-shaped MRS spectrum to decompose both real and imaginary parts, into localized basis given by squared eigenfunctions of the Schrödinger operator. An optimization-based soft-threshold is provided to find optimal semi-classical parameters, for both the real and imaginary parts of the MRS signal. The optimal SCSA parameters discard the eigenfunctions representing noise from the noisy |
| 4678 | Computer 135
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Encoding trajectory optimization based on the pixel variance using graphics processing units |
1Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany |
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Undersampled trajectories were optimized for parallel imaging with explicit consideration of the RF coil sensitivities in order to complement the RF coil elements. A second-order approximation of pixel variance was used as a metric to evaluate encoding trajectories and also serves as the cost function in the optimization problem, solved using Simulated Annealing. The metric was implemented on a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate computations. The developed method was evaluated on two test cases with Cartesian and radial sampling for isotropic and anisotropic fields-of-view. Resulting optimized trajectories led to improved image quality, more uniform SNR and reduced g-factors. |
| 4679 | Computer 136
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Online compressed sensing MR image reconstruction for high resolution $$$T_2^*$$$ imaging |
1CEA/NeuroSpin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 2INRIA-CEA Parietal team, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 3CVN, Centrale-Supélec, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 4LIGM, Paris-Est University, Marne-La-Vallée, France |
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Compressed sensing theory reduces lengthy acquisition time in MRI at the expense of computationally demanding iterative reconstruction. Usually, reconstruction is performed offline once all the data have been collected. Here, we introduce an online CS reconstruction framework that interleaves acquisition and reconstruction steps in a convex setting and permits the delivery of intermediate images on the scanner console during acquisition. In particular, the sum of acquisition and reconstruction times is reduced without compromising image quality. The gain of this strategy is shown both on retrospective Cartesian and prospective non-Cartesian under-sampled ex-vivo baboon brain data at 7T with an in-plane resolution of 400$$$\mu$$$m. |
| 4680 | Computer 137
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Radial Single-Shot Fast Spin Echo: Toward Fast, Motion-Robust, Multi-Contrast Imaging |
1Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, New York, NY, United States, 2Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, United States, 3Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States, 4GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, United States, 5Global MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States |
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We present a radial Single-Shot Fast Spin Echo pulse sequence that is capable of generating multiple contrasts from a single spin echo train via temporal filtering. Undersampling artifacts are minimized by using a long echo train and an aggressive variable refocusing flip angle scheme. In vivo feasibility is demonstrated in the brain. |
| 4681 | Computer 138
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Rapid Prototyping of Spiral Based Three-Points Dixon Acquisition and Reconstruction Using Pulseq |
1University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, 2Columbia University in the city of New York, New York City, NY, United States |
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Spiral imaging possesses special characteristics that would benefit both research and clinical MR fields. However, its use is often limited due to the difficulties its implementation on a scanner entails. This problem frequently limits the spread and evolution of spirals and consequently their potential and multiple applications. The current study proposes a solution to this problem by demonstrating a rapid prototyping of a three-points Dixon spiral sequence. Results agree with the standard sequence used by the system manufacturer for the same purpose. The software used is open-source and makes possible the sequence implementation in multiple vendor scanners. |
| 4682 | Computer 139
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Improvement of 3D-STIR for TRANCE non-contrast MR angiography at 3T using stretched adiabatic inversion pulse |
1Radiology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-shi, Japan, 2Philips Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 3Diagnostic Radiology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-shi, Japan |
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The purpose of our study was to improve 3D-STIR for TRANCE non-contrast MR angiography in clinical 3.0T MR system using modified hyperbolic secant (HS4) pulses. the higher field strength poses additional challenges to 3D STIR, including wider offset frequency between water and fat combined with larger B0 and B1 inhomogeneities, which reduce the reliability of fat suppression. 3D STIR (TRANCE) with HS4 pulse has clearly improved fat suppression due to B0/B1 inhomogeneous compared with conventional HS pulse in clinical. |
| 4683 | Computer 140
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3D Cartesian Fast-interrupted Steady-state Sequence (FISS) with Intrinsic Fat Suppression |
1School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany |
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Fat-suppressed balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) is a rapid imaging sequence often used in cardiovascular MRI. Recently a fast interrupted steady-state (FISS) sequence was proposed which periodically interrupts the steady-state of the bSSFP. The resulting frequency response modulation can be leveraged for suppression of the off-resonant fat signal without the need of fat preparation pulses. FISS was demonstrated for 2D radial acquisitions, however challenges to apply this approach to 3D Cartesian have been reported. Here we propose to extend FISS to 3D Cartesian imaging and investigate its behavior by extended phase graph simulations and in-vivo leg, abdominal measurements. |
| 4684 | Computer 141
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Simultaneous Functional MRI and Proton Echo-Planar Spectroscopic Imaging in Human Brain (fPEPSI) |
1Neurology,Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States, 2Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States, 3Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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This study introduces simultaneous fMRI and MRSI integrates multi-slab echo-volumar-imaging (MEVI) into the water suppression module of Proton-Echo-Planar-Spectroscopic-Imaging to simultaneously acquire fMRI, water suppressed and water reference data in a single scan (fPEPSI). FMRI image quality and BOLD sensitivity acquired with 4x4x6 mm3 resolution was comparable to our recently developed MEVI method. Spectral quality and sensitivity of 3D metabolite maps acquired with 4x4x7 mm3 resolution were comparable to conventional PEPSI. This hybrid fMRI/MRSI approach considerably reduces scan times in multi-modal clinical research studies and it is applicable to characterizing neurotransmitter and lactate concentration changes in relation to BOLD signal changes. |
| 4685 | Computer 142
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Fixed-Point MR Imaging for Early Gliobrastoma Detection |
1Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Problem Early detection of high-grade malignancy, such as GBM, remains challenging using MRI. Methods A new approach using continuous-wave and feedback field to reach “fixed-point spin dynamics” was developed to enhances the local magnetic-field gradient variations due to irregular water contents and deoxyhemoglobin concentration in early GBM. Results In vivo MR images and mappings acquired on orthotopic GBM mice using “fixed-point pulse sequence” shows 3-4 times of enhancement in GBM contrast than the best conventional images acquired. Conclusion Simulations and in vivo GBM mouse models validated the superior contrast/sensitivity and robustness of fixed-point spin dynamics method towards early GBM detection. |
| 4686 | Computer 143
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Implications of within-scan patient head motion on B1+ homogeneity and Specific Absorption Rate at 7T |
1CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 3Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States |
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Parallel-transmit pulses are commonly used to improve B1+-homogeneity at higher field strengths, while local-SAR constraints are applied to ensure safety. However, patient motion may become unavoidable with longer scans or less cooperative patients, and motion may affect B1+-homogeneity and local-SAR. We investigated the effect of all 6 degrees-of-freedom of head motion on B1+-homogeneity and local-SAR for parallel-transmit multi-spoke pulses using simulations. We observed more than a 2-fold increase in local-SAR due to motion for some pulses. We also investigated the changes in B1+-homogeneity of spokes pulses using in-vivo B1+-maps and showed regional variations between 12%-22% in the excitation profile. |
| 4687 | Computer 144
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Symmetric Priors for Regularisation of Elastic Deformations (SPRED) - efficient GPU-accelerated enforcement of diffeomorphism in B-spline parametrised 3D nonlinear registration |
1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Dept of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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We present a method for regularising nonlinear registration which produces deformations which are biologically more plausible than conventional techniques. Our method, the Symmetric Prior for Regularisation of Elastic Deformations (SPRED), not only enforces diffeomorphism, but additionally penalises linear, planar and volumetric changes. Application of SPRED to the high quality NIREP dataset produced results whose quality matches that of established registration methods. The resulting deformations show significantly more plausible Jacobian distributions, both in terms of spatial locality and intensity. Future work will look to extend SPRED to include variable spatial priors, allowing different brain regions freedom to deform by varying amounts. |
| 4688 | Computer 145
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Hadamard Encoding Compared with Fourier Encoding in Three-dimensional (3D) Functional MRI |
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Three-dimensional (3D) acquisition is beneficial for functional MRI (fMRI) compared to two-dimensional (2D) acquisition since it can provide higher spatial resolution, resulting from potentially higher temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) and thinner slices. However, 3D has higher physiological noise due to higher signal at the center of k-space, which results in lower tSNR. The number of slices can be decreased to reduce physiological noise. However, a small number of slices in Fourier encoding results in Gibbs ringing. In this study, we show that 3D Hadamard acquisition avoids Gibbs artifacts while increasing SNR compared with conventional 2D and 3D methods. |
| 4689 | Computer 146
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Myelin Water Fraction Maps with improved Fit to Noise using TGV and conventional filters |
1Department of Radiologic Technology, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Klagenfurt, Austria, 2Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria, 3UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 4Institute for Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 5Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria |
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Myelin Water Imaging is the technique of choice to measure myelination changes in healthy and abnormal situations in the brain. However, calculation of myelin water fraction (MWF) maps is challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio in the acquired data. Here, we demonstrate different filter methods, such as TGV, Gaussian and Wiener to overcome this problem. 3D GRASE images filtered with all three methods show significant enhanced fit-to-noise (FNR) values compared to unfiltered, while TGV preserves sharper edges and detailed structures. Finally, noise reduction and thus more reliable MWF maps can lead to certain advantages in the field of MS. |
| 4690 | Computer 147
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MRI guided hierarchical sectioning and stitching of brain blocks for alignment of digitized histology to corresponding MR images |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2McConnell Brain Imaging Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, 3Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, 4Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
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Ex-vivo MRI of brain tissue can provide important morphological and microstructural information. MR images can also serve as undistorted references for reconstruction of digitized histology, immunohistochemistry or clearing techniques. However, due to space constraints imposed by small animal scanners, imaging a whole human brain generally requires a large bore scanner with limited gradient system performance and constraints on |
| 4691 | Computer 148
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Simultaneous Acquisition of Orthogonal Plane Cine Imaging and Isotropic 4D-MRI Using Super-Resolution |
1Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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The super-resolution-based, isotropic 4D-MRI, and orthogonal cine imaging pulse sequence (SR-4D-SOPI) was developed and evaluated in this work. Cine imaging was acquired at more than 3 frames per second in sagittal and coronal planes simultaneously while also acquiring two orthogonal 4D-MRI volumes. The volumes were combined using super-resolution methods to create an isotropic 4D-MRI to be used for dose reconstruction following each fraction of abdominal or thoracic MR-guided radiation therapy. |
| 4692 | Computer 149
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Multispectral nonlocal means filters incorporating rotations and reflections for improved noise reduction with edge preservation in magnetic resonance imaging |
1Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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Image denoising is used extensively for MR image post-processing. The nonlocal means (NLM) filter shows excellent noise reduction while preserving detail. NLM takes advantage of the structural redundancy in MR images by comparing local neighborhoods of voxels throughout the image, and estimating the intensity of an index voxel to be denoised through a weighted average of voxel intensities. However, this excludes patches that may be similar except for rotation or reflection, and therefore does not make full use of image redundancy. We introduce a multispectral implementation of NLM incorporating rotations and reflections, finding improved performance compared to conventional non-multispectral filtering. |
| 4693 | Computer 150
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Effects of Image Sharpening on the Accuracy of quantitative-MRI (qMRI) Maps. |
1Boston University, Boston, MA, United States |
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Purpose: To study the effects of image sharpening and low spatial frequency removal on the quality of qMRI maps of T1, T2, and proton density (PD). Methods: Previously developed qMRI algorithms, augmented with specialized image filters, were tested with a gel based phantom containing three distinct solutions of variable gadolinium, sucrose, and agarose concentrations. Results: Images were successfully sharpened without significantly effecting pixel values of T1 and T2 weighted maps, while removing PD map spatial artifacts in the gadolinium vials. Conclusion: Unsharp masking and spatial flattening algorithms are effective methods for enhancing qMRI quality toward generating more accurate Synthetic-MRI maps. |
| 4694 | Computer 151
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EPI artifacts reduction using deep learning |
1Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany |
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The inherent speed of EPI is penalized by the calibration prescans necessary to suppress N/2 ghosts. Here, we propose a deep neural network with a novel architecture that suppresses N/2 ghosts in a post-processing step starting from magnitude images, thereby eliminating the necessity of a prescan. The proposed network achieves better results than more classical networks of the same size by taking into account the N/2 structure of ghosts. The network architecture could easily be adapted to also correct for ghosts of higher order in multishot EPI. |
| 4695 | Computer 152
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Convolutional Neural Networks with Aliasing Layers for Correcting Parallel Imaging and EPI Ghost Artifacts |
1Advanced Technology Research Department, Research and Development Center, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Yokohama, Japan |
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The author proposes a new layer named aliasing layer (AL) for effectively correcting MR-specific aliasing artifacts using convolutional neural networks. In MR images acquired using parallel imaging (PI) and/or echo-planar imaging (EPI), the locations of aliasing artifacts and/or N/2 ghost artifacts can be analytically calculated. The AL preprocesses MR images by moving the calculated locations to the locations accessible through summations over all channels in a convolution layer. The experimental results demonstrate that the correction method using the proposed AL could effectively remove PI aliasing and EPI ghosting artifacts. |
| 4696 | Computer 153
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A Validation Approach for Imperfect Training Data Fidelity using Signal + Artifact + Noise-based Neural Net (SAN3)-derived Directionalized Streaking Removal |
1Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Electrical, Electronics, and Information Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu City, Japan, 3Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States |
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While Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based sub-Nyquist reconstruction approaches are well-suited for high-fidelity static imaging targets such as the brain, temporally constrained (i.e. dynamic) sequences may potentially be ill-suited for DNN as these would often embed unresolved MR artifacts into the Training Data. Here, we describe an assessment approach for a generalizable DNN-based dynamic MRI reconstruction method that outputs such artifacts as characterizable and filterable streaks. This work further validates the DNN-model coding process to ensure the desired artifact/noise properties into the DNN output. Using Fourier properties, we demonstrate such validation of streaking directionalization using DNN. |
| 4697 | Computer 154
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Comparison of Quality Assessment Methods for Deep-Learning-Based MR Image Reconstruction |
1School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State Univerisity, Tempe, AZ, United States, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States, 3Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States, 4A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 6Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States |
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The proper methodology to perform rigorous quantitative task-based assessment of image quality for deep learning based MR reconstruction methods has not been devised yet. In this study we reconstructed T1-weighted brain images using neural networks trained with five different datasets, and explored the consistency and relationship between rankings of image quality using three different assessment metrics and FreeSurfer-based quantitative analysis. Our study indicates that assessment of image quality for a data-driven reconstruction algorithm may require several types of analysis including using different image quality assessment metrics and their agreement with clinically relevant tasks. |
| 4698 | Computer 155
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Conditional generative adversarial network for three-dimensional rigid-body motion correction in MRI |
1Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, 2Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada |
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In this work we present a deep learning solution for motion correction in brain MRI; specifically we approach motion correction as an image synthesis problem. Motion is simulated in previously acquired brain images; the image pairs (corrupted + original) are used to train a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN), referred to as MoCo-cGAN, to predict artefact-free images from motion-corrupted data. We also demonstrate transfer learning, where the network is fine-tuned to apply motion correction to images with a different contrast. The trained MoCo-cGAN successfully performed motion correction on brain images with simulated motion. All predicted images were quantitatively improved, and significant artefact suppression was observed. |
| 4699 | Computer 156
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Volumetric real-time imaging with deep-learning reconstruction |
1Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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We propose a deep-learning reconstruction pipeline for 3D real-time imaging. We use a 3D golden-angle GRE sequence, and a deep-learning network based reconstruction. Gadgetron framework is used for real-time pipelining. Using 320 images in total, our network is trained with decaying data fidelity update, and deployed without it. Dilated convolution and skip concatenation improve the image quality. We achieved a Matrix size of 192x192x8 pixels, a temporal resolution of 889ms, a reconstruction time of 300-350ms, and our image quality is comparable to iGRASP. |
| 4700 | Computer 157
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Diffusion-weighted MR Image Reconstruction using Automated Transform by Manifold Approximation (AUTOMAP) on Human Brains |
1A.A Martinos Biomedical Imaging Center / MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States, 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States |
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Low intrinsic Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in diffusion-weighted (DW) images are recurrent issues especially at high b-values. Here, we apply the deep neural network image reconstruction technique, AUTOMAP (Automated Transform by Manifold Approximation) to in-vivo diffusion-weighted MR data acquired at 1.5 T with varying b-values. In addition, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were assessed. We also compared the reconstruction of the images using two different training corpura. The results for AUTOMAP reconstruction showed a significant increase in SNR. |
| 4701 | Computer 158
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Deep Learning Based Adaptive Noise Reduction in Multi-Contrast MR Images |
1MRI System Division, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara-shi, Japan, 2Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki-shi, Japan, 3Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-shi, Japan |
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We have proposed a deep learning-based approach for MR image denoising that can adapt to the input noise power. We compare the performance of the proposed denoise approach with Deep Learning based Reconstruction (dDLR) method with state-of-the art image denoising method called Block-matching and 3D filtering method (BM3D) on multiple contrast MR images. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the art BM3D image denoising method. |
| 4702 | Computer 159
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Deep Partial Fourier Reconstruction |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Standard methods for partial Fourier (PF) reconstruction do not perform well in the presence of significant phase variations. In this study, we propose a deep-learning-based approach for PF reconstruction (DPFR) to mitigate this issue. We compare DPFR results against standard methods (Homodyne, POCS) for in vivo images of the foot, leg, and abdomen. We demonstrate that DPFR achieves superior reconstruction quality, especially near phase boundaries, across a range of partial sampling parameters. Ultimately this may extend the applicability of partial Fourier reconstruction to instances where it is not commonly used. |
| 4703 | Computer 160
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Multi-supervised Learning in Cross-domain Networks for Cardiac Imaging |
1Research center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China, 2Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States |
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Dynamic MR image reconstruction from incomplete k-space data is an important technique for reducing its scan time. Deep learning has shown great potential in assisting this task. Nevertheless, most frameworks only adopt a final loss for network training and the intermediate results generated during the network forward pass haven't been considered for the network training. This work proposes a multi-supervised learning strategy, which constrains the frequency domain information and reconstruction results at different levels. Improved reconstruction results have been achieved with the proposed strategy. |
| 4704 | Computer 161
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Ultra-low-dose Amyloid PET/MRI Reconstruction by Generative Adversarial Network |
1Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 2Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Amyloid PET is widely used in the early diagnosis of dementia. However, the injection of the radiotracer will lead to radiation exposure to the subject. We proposed a novel method based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) with |
| 4705 | Computer 162
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Improved TWIST Imaging using k-Space Deep Learning |
1KAIST, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of, 2Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea, Republic of |
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Time-resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories(TWIST) has been widely used for dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI. To achieve highly accelerated acquisitions for improved temporal and spatial resolution, the high frequency region is randomly sub-sampled at each time frame. Therefore, the periphery of the k-space data from multiple time frames are combined to obtain the uniformly sub-sampled k-space data so that the temporal resolution of TWIST is limited. The purpose of this research is to improve the temporal resolution of TWIST by reducing the view-sharing. Furthermore, we proposed the algorithm that can reconstruct the imagesat various number of view sharing using k-space deep learning. |
| 4706 | Computer 163
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Contrast Transfer Learning for Reconstruction of Undersampled Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI |
1Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States, 2Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China, 4Department of Radiology, PLA 101st Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, 5Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States |
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The application of deep learning for reconstruction of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI presents significant challenges caused by the rapid passage of the contrast agent, which makes it difficult to acquire fully-sampled images to train a neural network. This work proposes to use images from a delayed contrast phase, where contrast changes are in a relatively steady state, for training, and to apply the trained neural network for reconstruction of undersampled data acquired in other contrast phases. The proposed contrast transfer learning reconstruction was trained on 55 post-contrast liver cases and tested on a first-pass liver DCE-MR acquisition. |
| 4707 | Computer 164
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Development of a deep learning method for phase unwrapping MR images |
1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2MR Clinical research and Development, GE Healthcare, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Seoul St.Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 4Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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MRI phase images are increasingly used for susceptibility mapping and distortion correction in function and diffusion MRI. However, acquired values of phase maps are wrapped between [-π π ] and require an additional phase unwrapping process. Here we developed a novel deep learning method that can learn the transformation between the wrapped phase images and the corresponding unwrapped phase images. The method was tested for numerical simulations and on actual MR images. |
| 4708 | Computer 165
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Ultrafast 3D Partial Fourier Reconstruction with Well-Preserved Phase using DNN |
1Neusoft Medical Systems, Shenyang, China, 2Neusoft Medical Systems, Shanghai, China |
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Partial Fourier (PF) is a widely used fast imaging scheme. Since phase information is crucial in many applications, such as SWI, it is necessary that PF can preserve phase well. Many PF methods cannot preserve phase well especially at locations with rapid phase change. DPA is a method can recover both magnitude and phase well, but suffers from low speed for two-directional PF acquisition. Considering recent advances in deep learning, we proposed a DNN-based framework for two-directional PF reconstruction. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is almost 50 times faster while restores magnitude and SWI even better than DPA. |
| 4709 | Computer 166
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Accelerated MR image reconstruction using iterative feasible set projection |
1Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2AIRS medical, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 4College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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We proposed a new deep learning architecture for the reconstruction of highly undersampled data. The new architecture combines an iterative generative adversarial network (GAN) with a shared discriminator and interacts with data consistency blocks. The algorithm was applied to accelerate the data acquisition of the routine clinical protocols, particularly 2D Cartesian sampling sequences. The new method was tested to explore generalizability of the algorithm in in-vivo data under various conditions (difference pulse sequences, organs, coil types, sites, and health condition). |
| 4710 | Computer 167
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Rapid Image Reconstruction of Single-Shot Coronary Quiescent-Interval Slice-Selective (QISS) MRA and Late Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI using Deep Learning |
1Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States, 2Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States |
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While compressed sensing (CS) enables highly-accelerated cardiac MRI acquisitions, its lengthy image reconstruction may limit clinical translation. Deep learning (DL) is capable reconstructing undersampled images with clinically acceptable reconstruction times. The purpose of this study was to build, train, and validate a deep learning framework for rapidly reconstructing highly-accelerated cardiac MR images, where CS reconstructed images are used as reference. |
| 4711 | Computer 168
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Enforcing Structural Similarity in Deep Learning MR Image Reconstruction |
1Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 2School of Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 3Electrical and Computer System Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 4Institute of Medicine, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Australia |
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Deep Learning (DL) MR image reconstruction from undersampled data involves minimization of a loss function. The loss function to be minimized drives the DL training process and thus determine the features learned. Usually, a loss function such as mean squared error or mean absolute error is used as the similarity metric. Minimizing such loss function may not always predict visually pleasing images required by the radiologist. In order to predict visually appealing MR images in this work, we propose to use the difference of structural similarity as a regularizer along with the mean squared loss. |
| 4712 | Computer 169
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Edge-enhanced Loss Constraint for Deep Learning Based Dynamic MR Imaging |
1Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China, 2Research center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States |
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Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides a powerful imaging tool for clinical diagnosis. However, due to the constraints of magnetic resonance (MR) physics and reconstruction algorithms, dynamic MR imaging takes a long time to scan. Recently, deep learning has achieved preliminary success in MR reconstruction. Compared with the classical iterative optimization algorithms, the deep learning based methods can get improved reconstruction results in shorter time. However, most current deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based methods use mean square error (MSE) as the loss function, which might be a reason for image smooth in the reconstruction. In this work, we propose to employ edge-enhanced constraint for loss function and explore different types of total variation on network training. Encouraging performances have been achieved. |
| 4713 | Computer 170
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Exploration on deep-learning based sorting of k-space data for ECG-free cardiac cine-MRI |
1TU Eindhoven, Delft, Netherlands, 2UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands |
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Cine-cardiac MRI reconstruction relies on the ECG signal to sort k-space data. However, ECG triggering comes with disadvantages among which increased setup time. Here we suggest an alternative method of sorting cine MRI k-space data using deep-learning. An explorative study has been performed using an encoder-decoder network with Sinkhorn layer to sort k-space data that was randomly disordered in one spatial dimension. Good reconstructions were obtained using a group size of 8 or more k-space lines during randomization. These results hold promise for subsequent application in the time dimension. |
| 4714 | Computer 171
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Complex-Valued Convolutional Neural Networks for MRI Reconstruction |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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To improve MRI reconstruction accuracy, we propose various complex-valued frameworks for reconstructions using convolutional neural networks. By introducing complex-valued convolution and activation functions, we improve reconstruction of our subsampled images and achieve competitive results compared to the real-valued counterpart of our model. |
| 4715 | Computer 172
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Deep Inception Residual Network (DIRN) for Reconstruction of Undersampled Brain MR Image |
1Graduate program in Biomedical Engineering The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Yonsei-Cedars-Sinai Integrative Cardiac Imaging Research Center, seoul, Korea, Republic of, 4Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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Acquiring the full-sampling k-space magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for detailed anatomical information is ideal. We propose the Deep Inception Residual Network (DIRN) based on a deep convolutional neural network ( |
| 4716 | Computer 173
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g-factor attention model for deep neural network powered parallel imaging: gANN |
1Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2AIRS medical, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 4College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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In this study, we proposed a new concept of an attention model for deep neural network based parallel imaging. We utilized g-factor maps to inform the neural network about the location containing high possibility of aliasing artifact. Also the proposed network used sensitivity maps and acquired k-space data to ensure the data consistency. Since the g-factor attention deep neural network considered both multi-channel information and spatially variant aliasing condition, our proposed network successfully removed aliasing artifacts up to factor 6 in uniform under-sampling and showed high performance when compared to conventional parallel imaging methods. |
| 4717 | Computer 174
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Accelerating high resolution DWI via deep learning |
1Neusoft Medical Systems, Shenyang, China |
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The conventional multi-shot diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) techniques, such as MUSE, have not been widely adopted clinically due to long scan time. In this study, an accelerated multi-shot DWI method based on deep learning is proposed. By learning a fully convolutional neural network to enhance DWI images, more structural details and less noise can be achieved, especially when with fewer shots or NSA (Number of Signal Average), in the meantime the reconstruction time can be reduced by over 200 times. It means the proposed approach reduces the scan and reconstruction time dramatically while keeping high quality of the images, which makes it a potential technique for high resolution multi-shot DWI in routine clinical study. |
| 4718 | Computer 175
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A Generative Adversarial Network with a Progressively Growing Training Strategy for MRI Dataset Augmentation |
1Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China |
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For medical imaging applications, it is not straightforward to create a large database due to high costs associated with acquiring the data, patent privacy issues, and challenges in pooling data from multiple medical institutions. Generating high-resolution medical images from the latent noise vector could potentially mitigate training data size issues in applying DNN to medical imaging. This could facilitate objective comparisons between the different machine learning algorithms in medical imaging. In this study, progressive growing strategy is considered to train the GAN stably and generate super resolution brain datasets from noise vector. |
| 4719
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Computer 1
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Automated femoro-tibial cartilage segmentation of OA patients with and without bone abnormality |
1Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India, 2Biomedical Engineering, ASET, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India, 3Mahajan Imaging Centre, New Delhi, India, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 5National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India |
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The study of knee cartilage under subchondral abnormality is important in osteoarthritis (OA) progression studies. However, cartilage segmentation for patients with Bone-Marrow-Edema (BME) lesion, particularly using radial-search based approach, is erroneous. In this study, a framework for automatic segmentation of femoro-tibial cartilage of OA patients with and without bone abnormality, based on modified radial-search approach and T2-map values is developed. A 2D projected view of T2-map and thickness values of cartilage was generated. Proposed method was successfully applied on 23 MRI patient data. Dice-coefficient for cartilage segmentation was ~82% for OA patients with and without BME lesions. |
| 4720
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Computer 2
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Performant summative 3D rendering of voxel-wise MRF segmentation data |
1Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Interactive Commons, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 3Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 4Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany |
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Visualization of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting segmented data presents significant difficulty because of the abstraction from the usual appearance and contrast of MR images. We present a method of rendering any probability-based tissue fraction partial volume ROIs in three dimensions using additive voxelized volumetric rendering as a form of segmentation. Datasets consist of n groups of segmented maps with each voxel representing the probability of a given tissue converted into 3D textures usable by the GPU to perform raymarched additive rendering. This allows for different tissue classifications within the dataset to be faded in and out with minimal human involvement. |
| 4721 | Computer 3
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Segmentation and probabilistic tractography of GPi, GPe, STN and RN using Lead-DBS and FSL |
1Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea, Republic of, 2Gachon University, Incheon, Korea, Republic of |
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Lead-DBS toolbox is used to segment globus pallidus internal, globus pallidus external, subthalamic nucleus and red nucleus, all of which are structures not automatically segmented by popular toolboxes such as FSL and Freesurfer. In addition, FSL's diffusion toolbox was used to generate probabilistic tractography between each segmented structure as well as compare the level of connectivity between each segmented structure. |
| 4722 | Computer 4
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Deep learning segmentation (AxonDeepSeg) to generate axonal-property map from ex vivo human optic chiasm using light microscopy |
1Department of Neurophysics, Medical center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, 2Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany, 3Paul Flechsig Institut of Brain Research, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany |
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Development of in-vivo histology using MRI needs validation strategies with gold standard methods. Ex-vivo histology combined with microscopy could become such a strategy; however, for comparing larger field-of-views automatic segmentation of axons and myelin will be required. State-of-the-art segmentation has recently involved deep learning (DL). In this work, we investigated the recently published AxonDeepSeg deep learning algorithm (ADS). We successful applied ADS on light microscopy images of an optical chiasm sample, improved the segmentation of myelin to access the full properties of individual |
| 4723 | Computer 5
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Segment Unannotated MR Image Dataset using Joint Image Translation and Segmentation Adversarial Network |
1Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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The purpose of our study was to develop and evaluate a generalized CNN-based method for fully-automated segmentation of different MR image datasets using a single set of annotated training data. A technique called cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) is applied as the core of the proposed method to perform image-to-image translation between MR image datasets with different tissue contrasts. A joint segmentation network is incorporated into the adversarial network to obtain additional segmentation functionality. The proposed method was evaluated for segmenting bone and cartilage on two clinical knee MR image datasets acquired at our institution using only a single set of annotated data from a publicly available knee MR image dataset. The new technique may further improve the applicability and efficiency of CNN-based segmentation of medical images while eliminating the need for large amounts of annotated training data. |
| 4724 | Computer 6
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Automated Segmentation of Substantia Nigra in Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
1Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Accurate segmentation of Substantia Nigra (SN) in Neuromelanin-Sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) is a prerequisite for efficient quantification and evaluation of severity of Parkinson disease. We present a fully automated algorithm for localization and segmentation of SN in NM-MRI. The localization algorithm uses a new specialized template matching model consisting of a resizable cardioid plane. The segmentation of SN is performed using freeform active contour segmentation model. The system is tested on 19 NM-MRI scans (10 healthy volunteers and 9 patients with Parkinson disease), acquired using 3T MRI system. The success rate for localization is 98.2%, whilst dice coefficient for segmentation reaches 0.89. |
| 4725 | Computer 7
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Rapid virtually automated technique for renal corticomedullary segmentation from volumetric arterial phase imaging: Initial experience |
1Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia, 2Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia, 3Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia, 4Radiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States, 5New York University, New York, NY, United States |
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Efficient, reproducible and accurate corticomedullary renal segmentation is challenging but important for MR renography and disease monitoring. We assessed segmentation time, reproducibility and accuracy of a virtually automated (VA) approach (<5 second user interaction), compared to gold standard (GS) manual segmentation. Segmentation time per subject (n=11) was 78.6±7.0s for VA and 60-120min for GS. VA intra- and inter-rater agreement was near perfect for cortex, medullary and whole kidney segmentation (concordance correlation coefficient all ≥0.99), with excellent concordance with GS segmentation (CCC all >0.80). VA is a rapid, accurate and highly reproducible corticomedullary segmentation tool which has promising clinical potential. |
| 4726 | Computer 8
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Performance of Automatic Cerebral Arterial Segmentation of MRA Images Improves in Patients with Anemia and Sickle Cell Disease Compared with Healthy Volunteers. |
1Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 4Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) and chronic anemia cause morphological abnormalities in the cerebral arterial vasculature that are observable using time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). We seek to evaluate the accuracy of automatic vessel segmentation algorithms in extracting vessel data from these images for further analysis. Five segmentation algorithms were applied to three MRA images (one control, one anemic, and one SCD patient) and performance was measured against manually segmented ground truth data. We found that automatic segmentation performs better in anemic and SCD patients over healthy controls. |
| 4727 | Computer 9
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Automated intervertebral disc segmentation using a two-pathway network |
1College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China, 2Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 3Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China |
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We developed a two-pathway fully convolutional network for refined intervertebral disc segmentation. The proposed pooling free subbranch can capture more local fine-grained features. The quantitative results indicate its priority for disc segmentation. |
| 4728 | Computer 10
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The deep learning lesion segmentation method nicMSlesions only needs one manually delineated subject to outperform commonly used unsupervised methods |
1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering UCL, London, United Kingdom |
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Automatic lesion segmentation is important for measurements of atrophy and lesion load in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although supervised methods perform overall better than unsupervised methods, they are not widely used since they are more labor-intensive due to the need for great amounts of manual input. Our research showed increased performance of supervised methods over unsupervised methods. In addition, when using a deep learning based supervised method, training on only one subject already outperformed the commonly used unsupervised methods. We therefore recommend using deep learning lesion segmentation methods in MS research. |
| 4729 | Computer 11
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Propagation Neural Network for cardiac segmentation |
1Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, 2U1254, INSERM, Nancy, France, 3Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, Metropolitan, 4Universität zu Lübeck · Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Lübeck, Germany |
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To perform a fully-automated segmentation of cardiac volumes, current Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) process each slice independently, not taking the depth information into consideration. Networks using 3D convolutions being memory-hungry, we propose a CNN model with a low memory demand and processing the whole volume. The network is based on propagating the redundant depth information from slice to slice. Following a 4-fold cross validation on the MICCAI/ACDC challenge dataset, our network obtained better results than a standard 2D network, improving the average DICE score of 1.7% computed over three cardiac structures (myocardium, left and right ventricle). |
| 4730 | Computer 12
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Automated organ segmentation of liver and spleen in whole-body T1-weighted MR images: Transfer learning between epidemiological cohort studies |
1School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Department of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, 3Institute of Signal Processing and System Theory, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany |
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Automated segmentation of organs and anatomical structures is a prerequisite for efficient analysis of MR data in large cohort studies with thousands of participants. The feasibility of deep learning approaches has been shown to provide good solutions. Since all these methods are based on supervised learning, labeled ground truth data is required which can be time- and cost-intensive to generate. This work examines the feasibility of transfer learning between similar epidemiological cohort studies to derive possibilities in reuse of labeled training data. |
| 4731 | Computer 13
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Beyond Dice Coefficient: Evaluating Shape Biomarker Preservation in Neural Network Segmentations |
1Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francsico, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, 3Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francsico, San Francisco, CA, United States |
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High accuracy scores in volumetric overlap metrics, such as Dice Similarity Coefficient, have not been proven to be reliable indicators of shape biomarker preservation. This study proposes a novel approach towards quantitative evaluation of segmentations from neural networks using PCA and contrastive PCA. |
| 4732 | Computer 14
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Fully Automatic Learning-based Multi-Organ Segmentation(ALMO) in abdominal MRI for Radiotherapy Planning using Deep Neural Networks |
1Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Beihang University, Beijing, China, 4Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 5Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Precise dose measurement is critical in radiotherapy planning, which involves accurate and fast segmentation of the organ for estimation of the region at risk. Segmentation Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), as it is gaining more favor against CT in radio therapy, is new for multi-organ segmentation task. In this work, we proposed a fast, accurate, and fully automatic technique (ALMO) that reliefs the intense human labor from manual segmentation in a timing fashion. On our 51-subject dataset, our proposed method achieves an average dice score of 0.76 in the test set in seconds. |
| 4733 | Computer 15
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Automatic Detection and Segmentation of Brain Metastases using Deep Learning on Multi-Modal MRI: A Multi-Center Study |
1Department for Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, 2Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 4Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, 5Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway |
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In recent years, many deep learning approaches have been developed and tested for automatic segmentation of gliomas. However, few studies have shown its potential for use in patients with brain metastases. Deep learning may ultimately aid radiologists in the tedious and time-consuming task of lesion segmentation. The objective of this work is to assess the clinical potential and generalizability of a deep learning technique, by training and testing a convolutional neural network for segmenting brain metastases using multi-center data. |
| 4734 | Computer 16
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3D U-Net for Automated Segmentation of the Thoracic Aorta in 4D-Flow derived 3D PC-MRA |
1Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States |
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We developed a 3D convolutional neural network for the automatic segmentation of the thoracic aorta in 4D Flow-derived 3D PC-MRAs. Using 100 testing datasets, we obtained an average dice score of 0.94±0.03 and an average voxel-wise accuracy of 0.99. Additionally, our algorithm is robust enough to accurately segment a wide array of aortic geometries and disease, such as bicuspid aortic value, coarctation, and interrupted aortic arches. |
| 4735 | Computer 17
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Prostate and peripheral zone segmentation on multi-vendor MRIs using Deep Learning |
1Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States |
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A Deep Learning algorithm for automatic segmentation of the prostate and its peripheral zone (PZ) is investigated across MR images from two MRI vendors. The proposed architecture is a 3D U-net that uses axial, coronal, and sagittal MRI series as input. When trained with Siemens MRI, the network achieves a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of .91 and .76 for the segmentation of the prostate and the PZ respectively. However, the network performs poorly on a GE dataset. Combining images from different MRI vendors is of paramount importance to pursue a universal algorithm for prostate and PZ segmentation. |
| 4736 | Computer 18
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Technical Considerations for Semantic Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A Case Study in Femoral Cartilage Segmentation |
1Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 4Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promise in challenging tissue segmentation problems in medical imaging. However, due to the large size of these networks and stochasticity of the training process, the factors affecting CNN performance are difficult to analytically model. In this study, we numerically evaluate the impact of network architecture and characteristics of training data on network performance for segmenting femoral cartilage. We show that extensive training of several common network architectures yields comparable performance and that somewhat optimal network generalizability can be achieved with limited training data. |
| 4737 | Computer 19
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Conditional adversarial network for segmentation with simple loss function |
1GE Healthcare, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States |
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Most deep-learning approaches require defining a loss function that is appropriate for the task. The choice of the loss function generally substantially affects the accuracy of the trained model and often requires hand-tuning. For example, some segmentation tasks work well with Dice loss while other work well with mean squared error (MSE). In this work we show how conditional adversarial network (cGAN) can be used to avoid defining a specialized loss function for each task and, instead, use a simple approach to achieve comparable or even superior results in context of segmentation of MRI images. |
| 4738 | Computer 20
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Towards Domain-invariant Carotid Artery Lumen-wall Segmentation Using Adversarial Networks |
1Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada, 3Radiology and Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is frequently used for carotid artery wall imaging. The capacity for multi-contrast imaging allows MR scanners to resolve the lumen and wall, as well as multiple plaque components. Combined this information can provide evidence of increased stroke risk. Quantitative analysis of carotid artery MR images regularly begins with the manual segmentation of wall and plaque. This process is time-consuming and costly, and suggests the need for automated methods. Developing a robust segmentation tool is challenging because of the domain shift due to different image contrasts and/or scanners. Here, we demonstrate that a deep learning network including an adversarial component is capable of learning domain-invariant features, thus producing a generalizable segmentation model. |
| 4739 | Computer 21
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Deep convolutional neural networks for brain lesion segmentation in multiple sclerosis using clinical MRI scans |
1University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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Machine learning opens up a new opportunity for advancing our image pattern recognition abilities in medical imaging. In this study, we tested the potential of 3 new deep convolutional neural network-based learning methods for detecting brain MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). Using clinical scans available online from 10 patients, we found that the ResNet and SegNet achieved a promising dice score of 0.65 and 0.61 respectively, better than the generative adversarial network. Deep learning methods may be novel tools for optimal detection of brain MRI lesions, improving the management of patients with MS and similar disorders. |
| 4740 | Computer 22
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Development of U-Net Breast Density Segmentation Method for Fat-Sat T1-Weighted Images Using Transfer Learning from Model for Non-Fat-Sat Images |
1Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States, 2Department of Radiology, E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 3Department of Medical Imaging, Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 4Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 5Department of Radiology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, 6Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China |
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The U-Net deep learning is a feasible method for segmentation of breast and fibroglandular tissue on non-fat-suppressed (non-fat-sat) T1-weighted images. Whether it can work on fat-sat images, which are more commonly used for diagnosis, is studied. Three datasets were used: 126 Training, 62 Testing Set-A, and 41 Testing Set-B. The model was developed without and with transfer learning based on parameters in the previous model developed for non-fat-sat images. The results show that U-Net can also achieve a high segmentation accuracy for fat-sat images, and when training case number is small, transfer learning can help to improve accuracy. |
| 4741 | Computer 23
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Complete Segmentation of Human Thigh and Calf Muscles/Tissues with Convolutional Neural Network and Partially Segmented Training Images |
1Clinical Imaging Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 2AGENCY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore |
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Quantitative analysis of lower extremity images typically require manual or semi-automated segmentation of regions of interest. This can be extremely time consuming. Here, we utilise DeepLearning and a database of previously segmented thigh and calf t1-weighted images to automatically segment the images into different tissue types and various muscle groups. Dice scores greater than 0.85 were achieved on average across the classes with as few as 40 training images (3D). In addition, we demonstrate a method for training the model with partially labelled images, enabling access to potentially much larger training datasets. |
| 4742 | Computer 24
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An fully automatic prostate segmentation based on generative adversarial networks |
1Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China, 2Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 3College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China |
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Automatic prostate segmentation in MR images is essential in many clinical applications. Generative adversarial networks(GAN) have recently gained interests due to their promising ability in generating images which are difficult to distinguish from real images. In this paper, we propose an automatic and efficient algorithm base on GAN to segment the prostate contour and make the prostate segmentation shape more realistic. Our restult shows that the mean segmentation accuracy in test dataset is 90.3%±5.5. It indicates that the proposed strategy is feasible for segmentation of prostate MR images. |
| 4743 | Computer 25
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Automatic Segmentation of Carotid Vessel Wall on GOAL-SNAP Images using SE-UNet |
1Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, United Kingdom, 3Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States |
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In this work, we proposed a deep learning structure called SE-UNet for carotid vessel wall segmentation on 3D golden angle radial k-space sampling simultaneous non-contrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (GOAL-SNAP) images. The structure of network consisted of an encoder path for feature extraction and a decoder path for precise localization. The squeeze-and-excitation (SE) module was introduced to the encoder part to learn the context between channels. The proposed SE-UNet achieved high IOU of 0.786, and high pixel-wise sensitivity of 0.976, specificity of 0.850. |
| 4744 | Computer 26
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Fast dynamic speech MRI at 3 Tesla using variable density spirals and constrained reconstruction |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, United States, 2Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, United States, 3Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, United States, 4Janette Ogg Voice Research Center, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, United States |
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We propose an ultra fast dynamic 3 T MRI scheme for imaging the vocal tract dynamics during speech production. Our approach synergistically exploits efficiency of variable density spirals for motion robustness, artifact suppression, and a sparse SENSE based temporal constrained reconstruction scheme. We realize time resolution of upto 6.2 ms/frame and a spatial resolution of 2.4x2.4 mm2. We demonstrate the utility of this scheme in capturing rapidly varying articulators during fast speech stimuli. |
| 4745 | Computer 27
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Highly-Accelerated, Real-Time, Phase-Contrast MRI using Radial k-space Sampling and Cartesian GRASP Reconstruction: A Feasibility Study in Pediatric Patients |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States, 3Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 4Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 5Department of Medical Imaging, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States |
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Iterative compressed sensing reconstruction of real-time phase-contrast MR images acquired with highly-accelerated radial k-space sampling produces considerable image blurring. We propose a Cartesian Golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) framework that achieves a good balance between image reconstruction speed and data fidelity. The performance of the proposed reconstruction framework is compared with the original GRASP and GROG-GRASP frameworks using 38.4-fold accelerated phase-contrast MRI data acquired from pediatric patients. |
| 4746 | Computer 28
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Joint Calibrationless Reconstruction of Highly Undersampled Multi-Contrast MR Datasets Using A Novel Low-Rank Completion Approach |
1Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 2Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 3Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China |
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Routine clinical MRI session often requires multi-contrast imaging with identical geometries but different |
| 4747 | Computer 29
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Non-smooth Convex Optimization for O-Space Reconstruction |
1Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institude of Advanced Technoleoy,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston - Downtown, Houston, TX, United States, 3Research Center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institude of Advanced Technoleoy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China |
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Non-linear spatial encoding magnetic (SEM) fields can accelerate data acquisitions and improve the image quality. O-Space imaging generates a radially varying SEM field for spatial encoding in order to achieve more efficient encoding. In this work, we introduce and evaluate a novel primal dual algorithm which can handle the inverse problems of non-smooth convex optimization with non-linear forward operators to reconstruct O-Space images from undersampled data. The experimental results on simulated data show that the proposed method can achieve better image quality compared with the existing methods. |
| 4748 | Computer 30
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Multi-channel multi-contrast reconstructions via simultaneous use of individual and joint regularization terms |
1CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2ASELSAN Research Center, Ankara, Turkey, 3Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 4National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 5Neuroscience Program, Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 6Radiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey |
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Multi-contrast images of the same anatomy are commonly acquired together to maximize diagnostic information. We demonstrate a multi-channel multi-contrast compressed sensing – parallel imaging (CS-PI) technique that simultaneously uses joint and individual regularization terms to exploit anatomical similarities across contrasts without leakage of distinct features across contrasts and that incorporates coil sensitivities to further improve image quality. The method is compared in-vivo to the single-contrast multi-channel CS-PI method l1-ESPIRiT for PD-/T1-/T2-weighted images of N=11 participants using signal-to-noise ratio calculations as well as neuroradiologist reader studies. The proposed method yields superior performance than l1-ESPIRiT both quantitatively and qualitatively. |
| 4749 | Computer 31
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Sparse DCE-MRI using a Temporal Constraint Learned from Clinical Data |
1Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI has benefitted substantially from developments in sparse sampling and constrained reconstruction. Thus far, temporal constraints have proven to be the most powerful. In this work, we explore the use of temporal dictionaries that are learned from a clinical database. We demonstrate that this method provides improved reconstruction quality compared to state-of-the-art TK-model-based constraints or low-rank constraints. The inclusion of spatial information while constructing dictionaries is also explored. |
| 4750 | Computer 32
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Rapid, Free-Breathing, Cine MRI for Patients with a Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device: A Preliminary Study |
1Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, 3Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States, 4Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States |
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Standard ECG-gated, breath-held cardiac cine MRI often produces poor image quality in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) due to off-resonance effects, high prevalence of arrhythmia, and/or difficulty in breath-holding. This study seeks to develop a 16-fold accelerated, free-breathing cine MRI pulse sequence using a combination of a gradient echo readout, compressed sensing, and optimal Cartesian k-space sampling. The results from this study shows that an optimal k-space sampling scheme produces superior results compared to random and Poisson disc k-space sampling patterns in imaging phantoms and patients. |
| 4751 | Computer 33
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Cardiac and Respiratory Motion-Resolved 5D Imaging Using a Free-Running Framework: Comparison of Cartesian and Radial Trajectories |
1Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 4Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (ACIT), Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 5LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Recent advances have enabled high resolution cardiac imaging using continuous acquisitions that do not require external gating devices and can be reconstructed in arbitrary dimensions. Here, we extend the use of this Free-running framework to a fully self-gated free-breathing 3D Cartesian trajectory with spiral profile ordering for cardiac and respiratory motion resolved 5D imaging. We demonstrate the feasibility of this Cartesian approach by reconstructing and comparing images from both radial and Cartesian sequences with matching scan parameters in healthy volunteers. Overall, Cartesian images demonstrated comparable cardiac and respiratory motion albeit with more residual artifacts present in the Cartesian images. |
| 4752 | Computer 34
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Toward single breath-hold whole-heart coverage compressed sensing MRI using VAriable spatial-temporal LAtin hypercube and echo-Sharing (VALAS) |
1UIH America Inc., Houston, TX, United States, 2Capital Medical University, Beijing LuHe Hospital, Beijing, China, 3Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China |
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The main goal is to design and implement a sampling and reconstruction strategy that enables full heart coverage in a single breath-hold, with a relatively high spatial resolution (2.5 × 2.5 mm2) and temporal resolution (40 ms). The challenge in sampling pattern design is how to sample most efficiently. In this work, we present a 10 fold accelerated real‐time cardiac cine MRI pulse sequence using a combination of compressed sensing and parallel imaging. |
| 4753 | Computer 35
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Non-linear Inverse Compressed-Sensing Reconstruction for Self-Gated Multidimensional Cardiac MRI: XD-NLINV |
1Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, 2partner site Göttingen, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany |
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Motion is a perpetual challenge in cardiac MRI: for comfortable free-breathing exams, both cardiac and breathing motion need to be resolved. Self-gating approaches have been proposed to automatically bin MRI data into appropriate motion states. Here, we propose a new combined parallel imaging/compressed sensing reconstruction for such multi-dimensional datasets. This method, termed XD-NLINV, solves the non-linear parallel imaging problem, simultaneously estimating images and coil sensitivities. This assures efficient use of the available data and removes the need for pre-calculating the coil profiles. We present initial results showing high image quality for self-gated cardiac short-axis data, resolving both breathing and cardiac motion. |
| 4754 | Computer 36
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De-Aliasing for Under-sampling in Phase Scrambling Fourier Transform Imaging using Alias-free Reconstruction and Deep Convolutional Neural Network |
1Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan |
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Alias-free image reconstruction is feasible in phase scrambling Fourier transform imaging. When small down-scaling factor is used in that method, the size of reconstructed images become small and aliased image are separated in the scaled space. In this work, a new fast imaging method in which aliasing artifacts due to under-sampling of signal is removed 2-steps; one is down-scaled space introduced by alias-free reconstruction and the second is the denoising using deep convolution network. It was shown that proposed method provide higher PSNR images compared to random sampling compressed sensing and has an advantage in low sampling rate image acquisition. |
| 4755 | Computer 37
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Highly Accelerated Simultaneous Multislice Projection Imaging |
1Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 3Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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Projection imaging has many advantages over Cartesian sampling. The unique point spread function makes it particularly useful for highly accelerated parallel imaging and compressed sensing reconstructions[1]. In this study, a projection-domain sensitivity encoding algorithm is developed for highly accelerated simultaneous multislice radial imaging. Since it operates in the projection-domain, no time expensive gridding, de-gridding, and FFT operations are required within each iteration of the solving algorithm. From an in vivo experiment, two slices were reconstructed from only 34 radial spokes. |
| 4756 | Computer 38
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Reconstruction of Highly Accelerated Radial Cardiac Cine MRI using GROG based k-t ESPIRiT with TV Constraint |
1Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2Service of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland, GENEVA, Switzerland |
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Breath-hold cardiac cine MRI requires fast data acquisition with good spatio-temporal resolution. Accelerated non-Cartesian trajectories accelerate data acquisition but lead to artifacts. This work proposes a GROG-based k-t ESPIRiT approach with TV to recover the unaliased MR real-time cine images with good spatio-temporal quality. The proposed method was tested on 8 patients with single breath-hold, short-axis, real-time cardiac cine whole-heart stack with under-sampled radially acquired data using trueFISP. The efficiency of the proposed reconstruction was clinically assessed for automated segmentation, CNR & SNR and compared with the standard image reconstruction available on Siemens 3T PRISMA and 1.5T AERA scanners. |
| 4757 | Computer 39
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Varying Undersampling Dimension for Accelerating Multiple-Acquisition Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
1Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of, 2Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Dajeon, Korea, Republic of |
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We proposed a new sampling strategy for efficiently accelerating multiple acquisition MRI. The new sampling strategy is to obtain data along different phase encoding directions across multiple acquisitions. The proposed sampling strategy was evaluated in multi-contrast MR imaging (T1, T2, proton density) and multiple phase cycled (PC) balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging by using compressed sensing (CS) algorithms and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with central and/or random sampling pattern. Sampling along different phase encoding directions across multiple acquisitions was advantageous for accelerating multi-acquisition MRI, irrespective of reconstruction method, sampling pattern or datasets, with further improvement through transfer learning. |
| 4758 | Computer 40
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Sliding Window Reduced FOV Reconstruction in EPI for Real-Time Cardiac Imaging |
1Department of Internal Medicine II, University Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany, 2Core Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany |
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In this work we present a reconstruction technique based on $$$k$$$-space subtraction of static image parts to acquire real-time cardiac images. The static part is estimated with a sliding window reconstruction of the region outside of the heart to account for respiratory motion. The reduced field of view, i.e. the region of interest, is then reconstructed using a standard SENSE reconstruction, resulting in a temporal resolution of under 40 ms. The image quality is sufficient to estimate functional values in accordance with the BH-CINE reference standard. |
| 4759 | Computer 41
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High Resolution 3D Isotropic Multi-Contrast Brain Imaging using APIR4EMC |
1Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands |
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The long scan time of the brain MRI limits its applicability in high resolution 3D isotropic imaging. By using the recent Autocalibrated Parallel Imaging Reconstruction for Extended Multi-Contrast (APIR4EMC) method, we propose a high resolution (1 mm) 3D isotropic multi-contrast (T1, T1-Fatsat, T2, PD, FLAIR) brain imaging method with scan time around 10 min on a 3T MR scanner with an 8-channel brain coil. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. |
| 4760 | Computer 42
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Simultaneous multislice reconstruction using spiral slice-GRAPPA |
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 2Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 3Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 4Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States |
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Spiral trajectories provide efficient data acquisition and favorable motion properties for cardiac MRI. We developed multiband (MB) methods to accelerate spiral cardiac cine imaging including a non-iterative spiral slice-GRAPPA (SSG) reconstruction and a temporal SSG (TSSG). Using 25-35% of k-space for single-band calibration data, experiments in phantoms and five volunteers show 18.7% lower mean artifact power than CG-SENSE when imaging three slices simultaneously. TSSG incorporating CAIPIRINHA with temporal alternation and a temporal filter in reconstruction further reduced rRMSE by 11.2% compared to SSG. |
| 4761 | Computer 43
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Accelerated Image Acquisition Using 2D Pulse Segments as Virtual Receivers for GRAPPA |
1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 3School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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When based on a k-space description, 2D RF pulses can be applied in segments to increase the excitation bandwidth relative to a single-shot implementation, at a cost of increased imaging time. The increased imaging time can be overcome by undersampling the acquisition in one phase-encoded dimension, where data from each segment are viewed as originating from “virtual receive coils” rather than multiple physical coils. The undersampled data are reconstructed using parallel imaging techniques (e.g. as in GRAPPA). The method was tested in vivo with brain imaging, and the GRAPPA-like reconstruction was comparable in quality to a fully sampled reconstruction. |
| 4762 | Computer 44
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A Generative Approach to Estimating Coil Sensitivities from Autocalibration data |
1Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom |
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We present an algorithm for inferring sensitivities from low-resolution data, acquired either as an external calibration scan or as an autocalibration region integrated into an under-sampled acquisition. The sensitivity profiles of each coil, together with an unmodulated image common to all coils, are defined as penalised-maximum-likelihood parameters of a generative model of the calibration data. The model incorporates a smoothness constraint for the sensitivities and is efficiently inverted using Gauss-Newton optimization. Using both simulated and acquired data, we demonstrate that this approach can successfully estimate complex coil sensitivities over the full (FOV), and subsequently be used to unfold aliased images. |
| 4763 | Computer 45
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Efficient MR Image Compression using Deep Learning Models for Multi-contrast MRI |
1Subtle Medical, Menlo Park, CA, United States, 2Electrical Engineering, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Computer Science and Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States |
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As more and more medical imaging dataset is created, efficient and high-rate data compression is in demand for applications such as data transfer, storage and cloud based MR image analysis. However, conventional compression options do not provide the efficiency and compression performance needed for real-time applications such as image query and computer-aided diagnosis. In this work we demonstrated the applicability of the DL based compression algorithm for MRI to improve the compression performance and efficiency. Trained on natural images and fine-tuned on multi-contrast brain MRI, the proposed method provide significantly (~2x) higher compression rate compared with conventional method. Additionally, the end-to-end deep learning compression/de-compression is also several magnitude's faster than conventional methods. This technique can directly benefit industrial and clinical applications, and can provide new model in applications such as multi-contrast fusion and reconstruction. |
| 4764 | Computer 46
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NAPALM: An Algorithm for MRI Reconstruction with Separate Magnitude and Phase Regularization |
1Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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We describe a new algorithm for model-based MRI reconstruction with separate magnitude and phase regularization. The algorithm, named NAPALM, combines the existing proximal alternating linearized minimization (PALM) algorithm for nonsmooth and nonconvex optimization with Nesterov's acceleration and adaptive gradient (AdaGrad) acceleration methods. Results demonstrate the advantages of NAPALM over existing state-of-the-art algorithms. |
| 4765 | Computer 47
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Reconstruction Augmentation by Constraining with Intensity Gradients (RACING) |
1Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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Conventional parallel imaging exploits coil sensitivity profiles to enable image reconstruction from undersampled data acquisition. The extent of undersampling that preserves |
| 4766 | Computer 48
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OSCAR-based reconstruction for compressed sensing and parallel MR imaging |
1CEA/NeuroSpin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 2INRIA-CEA Parietal team, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 3LIGM, Paris-Est University, Marne-La-Vallée, France, 4CVN, Centrale-Supélec, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France |
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Compressed sensing combined with parallel imaging has allowed significant reduction in MRI scan time. However, image reconstruction remains challenging and common methods rely on a coil calibration step. In this work, we focus on calibrationless reconstruction methods that promote group sparsity. The latter have allowed theoretical improvements in CS recovery guarantees. Here, we compare the performances of several regularization terms (group-LASSO, sparse group-LASSO and OSCAR) that define with the data consistency term the convex but nonsmooth objective function to be minimized. The same primal-dual algorithm can be used to perform this minimization. Our results demonstrate that OSCAR-based reconstruction is competitive with state-of-the-art $$$\ell_1$$$-ESPIRiT. |
| 4767 | Computer 49
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An Advanced Optimization Strategy for Joint Estimation of Object and B0 |
1University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland |
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A major problem of single-shot acquisition techniques are distortions due to local offsets of the static magnetic B0 field. To avoid relying on separately acquired field maps, the object and the B0 map can be jointly estimated, which usually involves updating object and B0 map in an alternating fashion. A new optimization strategy to solve the non-convex B0 sub-problem is suggested. The number of unknowns is significantly reduced by modelling the B0 maps by a smaller basis and a modified version of the simulated annealing algorithm is implemented to better handle the non-convexity. First in-vivo results are presented. |
| 4768 | Computer 50
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Multi-shot Echo-planar Imaging with Simultaneous MultiSlice Wave-Encoding |
1Korea Advanced institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of, 2Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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We propose an imaging sequence for Simultaneous MultiSlice Multi-Shot EPI (SMS-MS EPI) with wave-CAIPI controlled aliasing, to significantly reduce the imaging time and geometric distortion in gradient echo imaging. We extend the MUSSELS low-rank constrained parallel imaging technique to SMS acceleration and exploit the similarities among the EPI shots for improved reconstruction. In simulations, we demonstrate the capability of our sequence to incorporate wave-CAIPI encoding, which allows higher acceleration rates by fully harnessing the three-dimensional encoding capability of multi-channel receive arrays. Using MUSSELS with wave-SMS, whole-brain T2*-weighted images at 1 mm isotropic resolution can be obtained at the total acceleration of Rtotal=24 (RinplanexRSMS=8x3), corresponding to an acquisition with high image quality and geometric fidelity. |
| 4769 | Computer 51
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SANTIS: Sampling-Augmented Neural neTwork with Incoherent Structure for efficient and robust MR image reconstruction |
1Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China, 3Radiology, PLA 101st Hospital, Wuxi, China, 4Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States |
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The purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate a new deep-learning based image reconstruction framework, termed as Sampling-Augmented Neural neTwork with Incoherent Structure (SANTIS) for MR image reconstruction. Our approach combines efficient end-to-end CNN mapping with k-space consistency using the concept of cyclic loss to enforce data fidelity. Adversarial training is implemented for maintaining high quality perceptional image structure and incoherent k-space sampling is used to improve reconstruction accuracy and robustness. The performance of SANTIS was demonstrated for reconstructing vast undersampled Cartesian knee images and golden-angle radial liver images. Our study demonstrated that the proposed SANTIS framework represents a promising approach for efficient and robust MR image reconstruction at vast acceleration rate. |
| 4770 | Computer 52
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Crowdsourced Quality Metrics for Image Reconstruction using Machine Learned Ranking |
1Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Radiology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States |
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In this work, we investigate a scheme for crowd sourcing image quality using machine learned metrics from user rankings of corrupted images. Using an HTML application, experienced observers ranked pairs of corrupted images with respect to image quality. A convolution neural network (CNN) was then trained to produce a quality score that was higher in the preferred images. The trained CNN was found to be more sensitive to artifacts from image blurring and wavelet compression than mean square error. Finally, preliminary use in training a machine learned image reconstruction is demonstrated. |
| 4771 | Computer 53
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Virtual Imaging Using Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Translation (VIGANIT): Deep Learning based Prediction of Diffusion-Weighted Images from T2-Weighted Brain MR Images |
1Centre for Advanced Research in Imaging, Neuroscience and Genomics, Mahajan Imaging, New Delhi, India, 2Triocula technologies, Bangalore, India, 3Nvidia, Bangalore, India, 4Mahajan Imaging, New Delhi, India |
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100 |
| 4772 | Computer 54
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A Deep Learning Accelerated MRI Reconstruction Model's Dependence on Training Data Distribution |
1Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Netherlands, Netherlands, 2Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute & Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 3Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 4Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 5Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands |
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Recurrent Inference Machines (RIM) are deep learning inverse problem solvers that have been shown to generalize well to anatomical structures and contrast settings it was not exposed to during training. This makes RIMs ideal for accelerated MRI reconstruction, where the variation in acquisition settings is high. Using T1- and T2*-weighted brain scans and T2-weighted knee scans, we compare the RIM's performance when trained on only a single type of data against the case where all three data types are present in the training set. We present results that show an overall model robustness, but also indicate a slight preference for training on all three types of data. |
| 4773 | Computer 55
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Exploring the Hallucination Risk of Deep Generative Models in MR Image Recovery |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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The hallucination of realistic-looking artifacts is a serious concern when reconstructing highly undersampled MR images. In this study, we train a variational autoencoder-based generative adversarial network (VAE-GAN) on a dataset of knee images and conduct a detailed exploration of the model latent space by generating extensive admissible reconstructions. Our preliminary results indicate that factors such as sampling rate and trajectory as well as loss function affect the risk of hallucinations, but with a reasonable choice of parameters deep learning schemes appear robust in recovering medical images. |
| 4774 | Computer 56
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DCTV-Net: Model based Convolutional Neural Network for dynamic MRI |
1Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Xili Nanshan, China, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States |
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Compressive sensing MRI (CS-MRI) is a popular technique to accelerate MR dynamic imaging. Nevertheless, the reconstruction is normally time-consuming and its parameters have to be hand-tuned To address this challenge, we solve a CS-based dynamic MR imaging problem by adopting the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) iteration method with the most popular deep learning technique. Specifically, we introduce a deep network structure, dubbed as DCTV-NET, for dynamic magnetic resonance image reconstruction from highly under-sampled k-t space data. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is superior to the state-of-the-art dynamic MRI methods. |
| 4775 | Computer 57
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Learning Primal Dual Network for Fast MR Imaging |
1Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institude of Advanced Technoleoy,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States, 3Research Center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institude of Advanced Technoleoy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China |
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We introduce a novel deep learning network which combines elements of model and data driven approaches for fast MR imaging, termed modified Learned PD. The network is inspired by the first-order primal dual algorithm, where the convolutional neural network blocks are used to learn the proximal operators. Learned PD network works directly from undersampled k-space data and reconstructs MR images by updating in k-space and image domain alternatively. This approach has been evaluated by in vivo MR datasets and achieves accurate MR reconstructions, outperforming other comparing methods across various quantitative metrics. |
| 4776 | Computer 58
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Fidelity Imposing Network Edit (FINE) for Solving Ill-Posed Image Reconstruction |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States, 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States |
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A Fidelity Imposing Network Edit (FINE) method is proposed for solving inverse problem that edits a pre-trained network's weights with the physical forward model for the test data to overcome the breakdown of deep learning (DL) based image reconstructions when the test data significantly deviates from the training data. FINE is applied to two important inverse problems in neuroimaging: quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and undersampled multi-contrast reconstruction in MRI. |
| 4777 | Computer 59
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Probabilistic Optimization of Cartesian k-Space Undersampling Patterns for Learning-Based Reconstruction |
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland |
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Learning-based methods offer improved reconstruction accuracy for compressed Sensing MRI. However, most modern methods assume the sampling trajectory to be predefined. In order to further increase reconstruction quality, we present a method for adaptive design of Cartesian undersampling masks. The proposed method delivers sampling trajectories that allow to improve reconstruction accuracy by 26% and 6% compared to the random and state-of-the-art interleaved variable density patterns, respectively. |
| 4778 | Computer 60
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Deep transform networks for scalable learning of MR reconstruction |
1Digital Services, Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Medical Solutions, Princeton, NJ, United States, 2EPITA, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France, 3CentraleSupélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 4Siemens Healthcare, Application Development, Erlangen, Germany |
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In this work we introduce RadixNet, a fast, scalable, transform network architecture based on the Cooley-Tukey FFT, and use it in a fully-learnt iterative reconstruction with a residual dense U-Net image regularization. Results show that fast transform networks can be trained at 256x256 dimensions and outperform the FFT. |
| 4779 | Computer 61
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Automating fetal brain reconstruction using distance regression learning |
1Centre for the Developing Brain and Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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We describe a method for automated fetal brain reconstruction from stacks of 2D single-shot slices. Brain localization is performed by a deep distance regression network. Slice alignment is accomplished by a global search in the rigid transform space followed by registration using a fractional derivative metric. An outlier robust hybrid $$$1,2$$$-norm and linear high order regularization are used for reconstruction. Brain localization has achieved competitive results without requiring annotated segmentations. The method has produced acceptable reconstructions in 129 out of 133 3T fetal examinations tested so far. |
| 4780 | Computer 62
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AUTOMAP Image Reconstruction of Ultra-Low Field Human Brain MR Data |
1Department of Radiology, A.A Martinos Biomedical Imaging Center / MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States, 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States |
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Due to very low Boltzmann polarization, MR images acquired at ultra-low field (ULF), MR images require significant signal averaging to overcome low signal-to-noise, which results in longer scan times. Here, we apply the deep neural network image reconstruction technique, AUTOMAP (Automated Transform by Manifold Approximation), to 50% under-sampled low SNR in vivo datasets acquired at 6.5 mT. The performance of AUTOMAP on this data was compared to the conventional 3D Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). The results for AUTOMAP reconstruction show a significant improvement in image quality and SNR. |
| 4781 | Computer 63
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Synthetic Banding for bSSFP Data Augmentation |
1Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States, 2Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Balanced Steady State Free Precession (bSSFP) MRI is a highly-efficient MRI pulse sequence but suffers from banding artifacts caused by its high sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneity. Many algorithms exist that can effectively remove these banding artifacts, typically by requiring multiple phase-cycled acquisitions, which increase scan time. While some of the algorithms can suppress banding to some degree with two sets of phase-cycled acquisitions, much more accurate band suppression is typically achieved with at least four phase-cycled acquisitions. In this work, we present a deep learning method for synthesizing additional phase-cycled images from a set of at least two phase-cycled images that can then be used with existing band reduction techniques in order to reduce scan time. |
| 4782 | Computer 64
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Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Using a Residual Convolutional Neural Network |
1Department of EE, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Department of EE, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel |
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Dictionary matching based MR Fingerprinting (MRF) reconstruction approaches suffer from inherent quantization errors, as well as time-consuming parameter mapping operations that map temporal MRF signals to quantitative tissue parameters. To alleviate these issues, we design a residual convolutional neural network to capture the mappings from temporal MRF signals to tissue parameters. The designed network is trained on synthesized MRF data simulated with the Bloch equations and fast imaging with steady state precession (FISP) sequences. After training, our network is able to take a temporal MRF signal as input and directly output corresponding tissue parameters, playing the role of a dictionary and look-up table used in conventional approaches. However, the designed network outperforms conventional approaches in terms of both inference speed and reconstruction accuracy, which has been validated on both synthetic data and phantom data generated from healthy subjects. |
| 4783 | Computer 65
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A Deep Learning Algorithm for Non-Cartesian Coil Sensitivity Map Estimation |
1Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 3Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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The use of parallel imaging (PI) to exploit the encoding power of multiple coil sensitivity patterns is essential for any modern method for accelerating MRI. In practice, the need to estimate sensitivity maps when using an image-space PI formulation delays the image reconstruction process, particularly for non-Cartesian acquisitions. This paper presents a deep learning method to estimate sensitivity maps from non-Cartesian dynamic imaging data. Results show that this algorithm provide a significant reduction in the time (from 42s to 2.5s for 12 coils) for generating high-quality coil sensitivity maps from non-Cartesian MR data compared to the conventional algorithms. |
| 4784 | Computer 66
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Real-time MR image reconstruction using Convolutional Neural Networks |
1Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 3Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada |
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There has been an increasing interest for systems that combine a linear accelerator with a MRI. The goal of such systems is to allow for real-time adaptive radiotherapy; to have the ability to track a region of interest for the purpose of accurate radiation delivery. This requires the ability to image in real-time. We investigated the use of convolution neural networks (CNNs) for the purpose of real-time imaging. The reconstruction time of our preliminary data was 150 ms using a NVIDIA 1080Ti GTX GPU. Further optimization of the CNN parameters may decrease the reconstruction time below 100 ms. |
| 4785 | Computer 67
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ShiftNets: Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for MR Image Reconstruction & the Importance of Receptive Field of View |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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Deep learning has been applied to the Parallel Imaging problem of resolving coherent aliasing in image domain. Convolutional neural networks have finite receptive FOV, where each output pixel is a function of a limited number of input pixels. For uniformly undersampled data, a simple hypothesis is that including the aliased peak in the receptive FOV would improve suppression of aliasing. We show that a simple channel augmentation scheme allows us to resolve aliasing using 50x fewer parameters than a large U-Net with millions of parameters and a global receptive FOV. This method was tested on retrospectively undersampled knee volumes. |
| 4786 | Computer 68
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POCS Augmented CycleGAN for MR Image Reconstruction |
1Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States |
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Traditional MRI reconstruction depends heavily on solving nonlinear optimization problems, which could be highly time-consuming and sensitive to noise. We proposed a hybrid DL-based MR image reconstruction method by combining two state-of-art deep learning networks, U-Net and CycleGAN (Generative adversarial network with cycle loss) and a traditional method: |
| 4787 | Computer 69
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Accelerated Targeted Coronary MRI Using Sparsity-Regularized SPIRiT-RAKI |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 3Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany |
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Long scan duration remains a challenge in coronary MRI. A scan-specific machine learning technique, called Robust Artificial-neural-network for k-space Interpolation (RAKI) has recently shown promising results in accelerating MRI. However, RAKI was originally designed for uniform undersampling patterns. In this study, we propose a technique, called SPIRiT-RAKI that enables RAKI with arbitrary undersampling using scan-specific convolutional neural networks to enforce self-consistency among coils. Regularization terms are also incorporated in the new formulation. Our results indicate that SPIRiT-RAKI can successfully accelerate 3D targeted coronary MRI. |
| 4788 | Computer 70
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A divide-and-conquer strategy to overcome memory limitations of current GPUs for high resolution MRI reconstruction via a domain transform deep learning method |
1Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Radiology, University of Wisconsin-madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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Direct learning of a domain transform to reconstruct images with flexible data acquisition schemes represents a step to achieve intelligence in image reconstruction. However, a technical challenge that is encountered with the domain transform type of learning strategy is that current network architectures and training strategies are GPU memory hungry. As a result, given the currently available GPUs with memory on the order of 24 GB, it is very difficult to achieve high resolution (beyond 128x128) MRI reconstruction. The main purpose of this paper is to present a divide-and-conquer strategy to reconstruct high resolution (better than 256x256) MRI images via domain transform learning while staying within the current GPU memory restrictions. |
| 4789 | Computer 71
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A New Deep Learning Structure for Improving Image Quality of a Low-field Portable MRI System |
1Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, SINGAPORE, Singapore, 2Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, SINGAPORE, Singapore, 3Centre for Medical Image Computing and Dept. Computer Science, UCL, London, United Kingdom, 4Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, 5Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore |
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A permanent magnet based low-field MRI system provides portability and affordability. However, the quality of the image is low due to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We propose a new deep learning structure which effectively integrates denoising-networks end-to-end to super-resolution-networks, to transfer the rich information available from one-off experimental imaging from a mid-field MRI scanner (1.5T) to the lower-quality data from a portable system. The procedure uses matched pairs to learn mappings from low-quality to the corresponding high-quality images. Using the proposed method, the quality and resolution of an image from a low-field MRI system is significantly improved. |
| 4790 | Computer 72
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Simultaneous Multi-Slice Deep RecOnstruction NEtwork (SMS-DRONE) |
1Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States |
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Recently, MR fingerprinting (MRF) has been proposed as a means of disentangling simultaneously excited slices by exciting each slice with a distinct acquisition schedule. A notable drawback of this approach, which is particularly acute for multi-parametric dictionaries, is the linear increase in reconstruction time with the number of slices and the potential reduction in accuracy. Here we describe an extension to our previously described MRF-DRONE method that can overcome these issues. Our method can enable larger acceleration factors and faster reconstruction of multi-parametric data. |
| 4791 | Computer 73
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Deep Learning Super-FOV for Accelerated bSSFP Banding Reduction |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States, 2Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 3Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom |
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We present a technique for bSSFP band removal using two undersampled phase-cycled bSSFP image acquisitions. |
| 4792 | Computer 74
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Convolutional Neural Network for Real-Time High Spatial Resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2LVIS Corporation, Palo Alto, CA, United States, 3Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 4Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 5Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based real-time high spatial resolution fMRI method that can reconstruct a 3D volumetric image (140x140x28 matrix size) in 150 ms. We achieved 4x spatial resolution improvement using variable density spiral (VDS) trajectory design. The proposed method achieves similar reconstruction performance as our earlier compressed sensing reconstructions while achieving 17x faster reconstruction time. We demonstrate that this method accurately detects cortical layer specific activity. |
| 4793 | Computer 75
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Spatio-Temporal Undersampling Artefact Reduction with Neural Networks for Fast 2D Cine MRI with Limited Data |
1Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany, 3School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom |
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A well-known bottleneck of neural networks is the requirement of large datasets for successful training. We present a method for reduction of 2D radial cine MRI images which allows to properly train a neural network on limited datasets. The network is trained on spatio-temporal slices of healthy volunteers which are previously extracted from the image sequences and is tested on patients data with known heart dysfunction. The image sequences are reassembled from the processed spatio-temporal slices. Our method is shown to have several advantages compared to other Deep Learning-based methods and achieves comparable results to a state-of-the-art Compressed Sensing-based method. |
| 4794 | Computer 76
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Automatic Segmentation Of The Myocardium in Cardiac Arterial Spin Labelling Images Using a Deep Learning Model Facilitates Myocardial Blood Flow Quantification |
1Bioengineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain, 2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, 3Radiology Deparment, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain |
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Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) allows to quantify Myocardial Blood Flow (MBF) by averaging over multiple ASL pairs. However, the procedure heavily depends on the manual segmentation of the myocardium. In this work, we introduce a Deep Learning model to segment this region and build a completely automatic pipeline for the MBF estimation. The accomplished evaluation results prove the success of the proposed method, which presents: 1) high overlap between the automatically extracted masks and those manually segmented by an expert (Dice Similarity Coefficient around 90%) and 2) good agreement of the MBF estimations with those obtained from the manual annotations. |
| 4795 | Computer 77
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Spinal Cord Grey Matter Segmentation using a Light-Weight Off-The-Shelf Neural Network |
1Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 4Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 5Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 6Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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Spinal cord grey matter segmentation is typically done manually. Automatic segmentation methods exist but are generally highly customized. We used an off-the-shelf neural network (LinkNet) to segment the grey matter in the spinal cord to assess the performance of a method with a generic architecture, which may be easier to replicate on different machine learning frameworks. Manual segmentation was used as training data. The performance of our trained network was compared to an automatic segmentation method in the Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT), and both networks produced similar results, demonstrating the viability of the off-the-shelf approach. |
| 4796 | Computer 78
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Feasibility of brain white matter segmentation on multi-echo T2-weighted images without registration: a Neural Network approach. |
1Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 4Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 5Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 6Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 7Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 8Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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Most current methods of human brain white matter segmentation require registration to T1 image space. Artificial intelligence can reduce potential errors in, and speed up, this process by segmenting white matter from T2-weighted images directly. A neural network was pre-trained using T1-weighted images and FSL’s FAST followed by T2-weighted images using transfer learning. The network could then segment new T2-weighted images directly. T1- and T2-weighted image |
| 4797 | Computer 79
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Automated Fetal Brain Segmentation Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network |
1Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN, United States, 2Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China, 3Tsinghua University, Beijing, China |
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Recent advances show promising fetal brain reconstruction results through image motion correction and super resolution from a stack of unregistered images consisting of in-plane motion free snapshot slices acquired by fast imaging methods. Most motion correction and super resolution techniques for 3D volume reconstruction require accurate fetal brain segmentation as the first step of image analysis. In this study, a customized U-Net based deep learning method was implemented for automatic fetal brain segmentation. The high accuracy of deep learning based semantic segmentation improves the performance in volume registration as well as quantitative studies of brain development and group analysis. |
| 4798 | Computer 80
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Random forests and DenseNet: a comparative study of brain gliomas segmentation |
1Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, 2Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy |
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Machine Learning techniques can provide useful automatic tools. Segmentation of brain tumors is a time consuming task that could potentially beneficiate from its automation. This work investigate and compare the performances of two frameworks: Random forest and DenseNet. The former is a well known framework and the latter is a novel technique based on deep learning. |
| 4799 | Computer 81
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Hypothalamus semi-automatic segmentation from MR images using Convolutional Neural Networks |
1Medical Image Computing Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (FEEC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, 2Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil |
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Hypothalamus is a small structure of the brain with important role in sleep, body temperature regulation and emotion. Some diseases as schizophrenia can be attributed to volumetric change on hypothalamus, usually measured through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). However, hypothalamic morphological landmarks are not always clear and manual segmentation can become variable, leading to inconsistent data on literature. On this project, hypothalamus was automatically segmented using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) . Three independent CNNs were trained, one for each view of volumetric MRI, obtaining final dice of 0.787 for axial view, 0.781 for sagittal and 0.747 for coronal view. |
| 4800 | Computer 82
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Automatic Segmentation of Brain Metastases Using Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
1Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, 4Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 5Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, 6Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, 7Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland |
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Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and magnetization transfer (MT) are MR contrast mechanisms that have been shown to correlate with cancer metabolism. Given that CEST does not require exogenous contrast agents, the goal of this study was to investigate the potential of CEST for segmenting the images of brain metastasis. As such, the tumour, and edema were segmented on CEST images and compared with segmentation performed on FLAIR and post-gadolinium T1-weighted images. The results indicate that the Dice similarity coefficient ranges between 0.78 to 0.84, suggesting that CEST can potentially be used for segmentation of brain metastases. |
| 4801 | Computer 83
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Segmentation of Intra-Tumour Distinct Metabolic Regions Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging |
1Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, 4Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 5Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, 6Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, 7Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland |
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Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a promising MR contrast mechanism that has been shown to correlate with cancer metabolism and reveal regions of active tumour metabolism. However, the acquisition of CEST-weighted images is time consuming. In this study, computational methods including unsupervised learning were adapted to find the minimum number of CEST images required to segment the intra-tumour distinct metabolic regions accurately, and to find the number of different cell groups existing within a tumour. The results indicate that four intra-tumour regions can be segmented accurately using only CEST images acquired at 3.5 ppm and 2.0 ppm. |
| 4802 | Computer 84
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Automatic Glioma Segmentation Algorithm Based on Superpixel Features |
1School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Internet Healthcare and School of Software and Applied Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 3Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China |
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This study proposes an algorithm to locate and segment Glioma tumor automatically. The algorithm contains three main steps. Firstly, a self-adaptation simple linear iterative clustering (ASLIC0) algorithm was executed to segment T2 weighted MRI images to superpixels images. Then, 52 features including fractal features, curvature feature and higher order derivative map Haralick texture features was calculated on each superpixel. Finally, a Support Vector Machine was trained as a classifier to select superpixels belong to tumor lesion or not. The Dice overlap measure for the segmented Glioma is 0.87 on the data set from the Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. |
| 4803 | Computer 85
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Machine Learning-based Human Knee Cartilage Segmentation on MRI |
1Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States, 2Division of Physical Therapy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States, 3University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States |
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Accurate knee cartilage segmentation on MRI is essential to obtain quantitative measures from cartilage that help in the assessment of knee pathology and therapeutic response in patients with diseases such as Osteoarthritis. Segmentation of cartilage on routine clinical MRI is challenging due to image intensity variation across the structure and low image contrast. In this study, we obtained an accurate cartilage segmentation on PD and T1 weighted images using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with a spatial indexing feature which accounts for regional signal variations. |
| 4804 | Computer 86
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Automated Segmentation of Thalamic Nuclei using Convolutional Neural Networks |
1electrical and computer engineering, university of arizona, tucson, AZ, United States, 2university of arizona, tucson, AZ, United States, 3stanford, stanford, CA, United States, 4medical imaging, university of arizona, tucson, AZ, United States |
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parcellation of thalamic nuclei is |
| 4805 | Computer 87
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Machine Learning Techniques for Bone Tumor Segmentation using Diffusion MRI |
1Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India, New Delhi, India, 2Medical Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, New Delhi, India, 3Radio Diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, New Delhi, India, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, New Delhi, India |
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Automatic and accurate segmentation of osteosarcoma region in MRI images can assist doctor to prepare a feasible treatment plan, hence resulting in improved cure rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of automated and semi-automated algorithms that might be effective in segmenting bone tumor in MRI data, with reasonable accuracy, speed and minimal manual input. The results are very conclusive for efficient performance. |
| 4806 | Computer 88
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Can Intensity Augmentation Improve Generalizability of CNN-based Image Segmentation? |
1Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany, 2Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, 3Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, 4Michael-Stifel-Center-Jena for Data-Driven and Simulation Science, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany |
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As a strategy to achieve higher generalizability of a convolutional neural network (CNN), data augmentation may be used to introduce a higher degree of variability within the training sample. In this study, five different intensity augmentation strategies were compared and analyzed by means of the CNN segmentation performance. The results indicate how intensity augmentation improves the robustness, and thereby the generalizability, of the CNN but in some cases also compromise the segmentation performance in terms of accuracy. |
| 4807 | Computer 89
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U-Net Segmentation for Human Body Models for SAR Simulations |
1General Electric, Niskayuna, NY, United States |
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RF power absorption during MRI, expressed in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR), is an important safety issue, especially in multi-channel transmit MRI. To reduce uncertainties of local SAR estimates due to subject antatomical variations, patient-specific human body models can be applied in EM simulations of the RF transmit coil. In this work, we trained a U-net neural network on simulated CT scans to quickly create HBMs with four primary tissue classes (bone, lungs, fat, and water-based). Local SAR results using HBMs created with the U-net showed good agreement with those from ground truth models. |
| 4808 | Computer 90
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Automated Knee MRI Semantic Segmentation with Generative Adversarial Networks |
1Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom |
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We describe a fully automated deep learning approach for generating semantic segmentation maps of the knee joint. A conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) was trained on 3D fat-saturated spoiled gradient recalled-echo MRIs of the knee from nine individuals (nimages=778) to generate segmentation maps containing the patella, femur and tibia. The trained network was tested with a separate dataset of one individual (nimages=80). The mean Sørensen–Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) was 0.959 and Jaccard Index was 0.985 for all three compartments. These results suggest that cGANs can perform accurate bony segmentation of the knee. |
| 4809 | Computer 91
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Volumetric Segmentation of Acute Brain Infarcts on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging using Deep Learning |
1Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States |
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Rapid and accurate evaluation of stroke is imperative as currently available treatments are constrained by a narrow time window. Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance (DWI) is a key imaging modality in stroke evaluation as it allows for assessment of the extent of acute ischemic brain injury. Nonetheless, manual delineation of stroke regions is expensive, time-consuming, and subject to inter-rater variability. In this study, we sought to develop a deep learning approach for ischemic stroke volumetric segmentation in a large clinical dataset of 1,205 patients from the NIH-funded Heart-Brain Interactions in Human Acute Ischemic Stroke Study utilizing only DWI imaging. |
| 4810 | Computer 92
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Real-time Ultrafast Fetal Brain Localization using Convolutional Neural Networks |
1Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States |
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The advent of fetal magnetic resonance imaging has provided innovative approaches to study in-vivo brain development in the womb. One of the major challenges in the quantification of fetal brain growth and development is regional and tissue-specific segmentation. An automated brain localization algorithm can reduce the time and facilitate accurate segmentation. In this study, we propose an ultra-fast and robust method for fetal brain localization from SSFSE anatomical images using a minimally modified object localization algorithm called You Only Look Once (YOLO). YOLO provides not only the enhanced accuracy of brain localization by differentiating brain from maternal tissues but also fast computation time for brain detection compared to the other algorithms. |
| 4811 | Computer 93
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Target-class-agnostic feature rejection for radiomics analyses based on variations of tumor segmentation mask |
1Department of Radiology, Munich University Hospitals, LMU, Munich, Germany, 2Department of Urology, Munich University Hospitals, LMU, Munich, Germany |
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Feature selection is a key aspect to radiomics analyses. An approach to remove features which are not stable with respect to small variations of the segmented mask is presented. The rejection works target-class agnostic and can be used in combination with target-class-based selections. An increase of about 5 percentage points can be seen when using the proposed approach in a simple machine learning setup on prostate MRI of prostate cancer patients. |
| 4812 | Computer 94
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Carotid Artery Localization and Lesion Classification on 3D-MERGE MRI using Neural Network and Object Tracking methods |
1University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, 2Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China |
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Carotid vessel wall imaging (VWI) with MRI provides additional prognostic value for cerebro/cardiovascular ischemic events, beyond current clinical diagnostic imaging methods. While fast 3D carotid MRI is possible, manual review of the large 3D dataset is time consuming. Automatic identification of artery locations and lesion categories are therefore required for VWI screening protocols. With neural network and object tracking methods, we developed a fully automated analysis tool to find common/internal/external carotid arteries and flag possible high-risk lesion locations. The tool achieved 0.782 Intersection over Union (IoU) for artery localization, and 0.895 sensitivity for high-risk lesion classification. |
| 4813 | Computer 95
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Relevance-guided Feature Extraction for Alzheimer's Disease Classification |
1Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria |
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Using FLAIR images we separated Alzheimer's patients (n=106) from controls (n=173) by using a deep convolutional neural network and found that the classifier might learn irrelevant features e.g. outside the brain. Preprocessing of MRI plays a crucial but often neglected role in classification and therefore we have developed a method enforcing the relevant features to be within brain tissue and, thus, eliminated the influence of precomputed brain masks. While our relevance-guided training method reached the same classification accuracy, incorporating relevance improved feature identification in an anatomically more reasonable manner. |
| 4814 | Computer 96
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Classification of benign and malignant lymph nodes based on ex-vivo diffusion MRI data |
1Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal |
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Developing non-invasive imaging technique for detection and characterisation of lymph nodes is an important topic in cancer research. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) appears to be a promising modality for this task. This work investigates the ability of dMRI to differentiate benign and malignant lymph nodes based on a rich, ex-vivo dataset, and aims to find which measurements provide the most differentiation power. |
| 4815 | Computer 97
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Automatic classification of benign and malignant prostate lesions: A comparison using VERDICT DW-MRI and ADC maps |
1UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 3UCL Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 4Department of Radiology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 5Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Currently, many studies exploit deep learning and mp-MRI data to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer characterisation. In this study, we focus on VERDICT DW-MRI data and compare its diagnostic performance to those of the ADC map and the raw DW-MRI from the mp-MRI. Specifically, we compare the performance obtained by a fully convolutional neural network (CNN) when training and test is performed on the raw VERDICT DW-MRI, the ADC maps and the DW-MRI data from the mp-MRI acquisition. The results indicate that the CNN performs better when it is trained and tested on VERDICT DW-MRI. |
| 4816
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Computer 98
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MRI texture analysis for detection of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients |
1Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States |
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We tested the hypothesis whether texture analysis of axillary lymph node (aLN) MRI can reliably detect cancer metastasis in the aLN. Comparison was made with ground truth based on pathology and clinical reports. The top single-feature predictor yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 and the top two-feature combination yielded an AUC of 0.95. These findings showed that texture analysis of aLN MRI can accurately predict disease status in the nodes associated with breast cancer. |
| 4817 | Computer 99
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Robust detection of anatomical landmark by combining adaptive boosting and active shape model for automated scan plane planning of spine MRI |
1Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, 2Healthcare Business Unit, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan |
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Automated scan plane planning is expected to improve MRI scanner usability and provide consistent scan plane prescriptions which are useful for follow-up examinations. However, a landmark degenerated by formation of a lesion such as an intervertebral disc in the case of hernia patient is difficult to detect because shape and properties of tissue greatly deviate from normal cases. In this study, we have proposed combining adaptive boosting and active shape model to detect intervertebral discs robustly for automated scan plane planning of spine MRI. |
| 4818
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Computer 100
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Brain tissue segmentation in fetal MRI using convolutional neural networks with simulated intensity inhomogeneities |
1Image Sciences Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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Automatic brain tissue segmentation in fetal MRI is a challenging task due to artifacts such as intensity inhomogeneity, caused in particular by spontaneous fetal movements during the scan. Unlike methods that estimate the bias field to remove intensity inhomogeneity as a preprocessing step in |
| 4819 | Computer 101
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SigPy: A Python Package for High Performance Iterative Reconstruction |
1University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States |
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We present SigPy, a Python package designed for high performance iterative reconstruction. Its main features include: - A unified CPU and GPU Python interface to signal processing functions, including convolution, FFT, NUFFT, wavelet transform, and thresholding functions. - Convenient classes (Linop, Prox, Alg, App) to build more complicated iterative reconstruction algorithms. - Commonly used MRI reconstruction methods as Apps, including SENSE, L1-wavelet regularized reconstruction, total-variation regularized reconstruction, and JSENSE. - MRI-specific functions, including poisson-disc sampling, ESPIRiT calibration, and non-Cartesian preconditioners. - Simple installation via pip and conda. |
| 4820 | Computer 102
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BrainQuan: An integrated tool for automated and region-specific analysis of multi-parametric brain MRI data |
1MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare., Beijing, China, 2MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare., Shanghai, China, 3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China |
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This abstract presents an integrated tool, namely BrainQuan, developed in Python to automatically segment the brain MRI into sub-regions, align the multi-parametric MRI data into the same space, and then extract the region-specific information from quantitative MRI data, such as quantitative susceptibility maps and diffusion parameters in these brain sub-regions. This tool provides an easy and comprehensive solution for several pilot studies spanning a range of applications: infant brain, brain morphology analysis and neuro-degenerative diseases. BrainQuan might be helpful to establish potential biomarkers from many different quantitative brain MRI data. |
| 4821 | Computer 103
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DeepRad: An Accessible, Open-source Tool for Deep Learning in Medical Imaging |
1Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States, 2Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States |
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Deep learning has shown incredible potential as a powerful tool in medical imaging, however accessibility to deep learning is still limited for users who lack expertise in computer programming, machine learning, or data science. Existing tools to perform deep learning have not been designed to be user friendly. We have developed a powerful, flexible, and easy-to-use software specifically tailored to medical imaging for biomedical researchers and physicians with limited programming skills to utilize deep learning for many common tasks. |
| 4822 | Computer 104
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Voxel-based morphometry results in first-episode schizophrenia: a comparison of publicly available software packages |
1Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, 2GE Healthcare, Xian, China |
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Investigations of brain structure in schizophrenia using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have identified variations in regional grey matter (GM) volume throughout the brain but the results are mixed. This study aims to investigate whether the inconsistent voxel-based morphometry (VBM) findings in schizophrenia are due to the use of different software packages. our data indicate that the GM volume differences between FESZ and HCs depend on which software are used(FSL, SPM), algorithms of GM tissue segmentation and image registration might contribute to these disparate results. |
| 4823 | Computer 105
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Post Processing Software for Echo Planar Imaging Phase Contrast Sequence |
1University of Picardie Jules Verne, CHIMERE EA 7516, Amiens, France, 2CHU-Amiens, Department of Medical Image Processing, Amiens, France, 3CHU-Amiens, MRI Research GIE-FF, Amiens, France |
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The new sequence Echo Planar Imaging Phase Contrast (EPI-PC) allows real-time imaging of blood flow and can be used to study the effect of breathing unlike to the normal Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging sequence (Nor-PC). However, there is no software for the processing of EPI-PC data. We developed new software to visualize, segment and analyze EPI-PC data. We implemented in the software functions as filtering, denoising, segmentation, reconstruction, and extraction that can be applied on EPI-PC signal. This software was easy to use and gave promising results for the quantification of blood flow and the study of breathing effect. |
| 4824 | Computer 106
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Development of a computer software to quantify bowel motility shown on cine MR imaging by using classical Horn-Schunck approach |
1Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, 2Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, 3Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental Univerisity, Tokyo, Japan, 4Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan |
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We developed a computer software which quantifies the small bowel motility shown on cine MR imaging using optical flow algorithm with Horn-Schunck approach, by adding a preprocessing step for analyzing cine MR images. A high Pearson’s correlation coefficient was obtained between direct measurement on cine MR and motility map value (r= 0.83 [95% confidence interval: 0.83 – 0.95, P<0.0001]). |
| 4825 | Computer 107
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High reproducibility and robustness to lesions, but large software and scanner effects for mean upper cervical cord area (MUCCA) measurement in MS |
1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 3Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 4Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany, 5Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering UCL, London, United Kingdom |
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Atrophy of the spinal cord is known to occur in multiple sclerosis (MS). To measure such atrophy, the mean upper cervical cord area (MUCCA) can be assessed. We tested five different (semi-)automated spinal cord segmentation methods (SCT-PropSeg, SCT-DeepSeg, ITK-SNAP, NeuroQLab, Xinapse JIM) in terms of their reproducibility, robustness, and the influence of lesions on the segmentations. MUCCA from all scanners was highly reproducible within-scanner, but not between-scanner or between-methods. The presence of lesions in the upper cervical cord did not affect the accuracy of MUCCA measurements in any of the methods tested. |
| 4826 | Computer 108
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Configuring, Viewing, Exploring and Exporting Reproducible, Vendor-Independent MRI Pulse Sequences |
1MR Physics, Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany, 2MR-Imaging and Spectroscopy, Faculty 01 (Physics/Electrical Engineering), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany |
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This work introduces a web technology-based tool that can load device vendor-independent sequence descriptions of a previously described format to then provide interactive tools for configuring protocol parameters, viewing pulse sequence diagrams and details, and exporting raw pulse shapes. |
| 4827 | Computer 109
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SEPIA – SuscEptibility mapping PIpeline tool for phAse images |
1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands |
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With the ever-increasing number of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) methods and research applications, it becomes difficult for application-driven researchers to choose a (best) QSM method or pipeline for their study. Here, we present a susceptibility mapping pipeline tool for phase images (SEPIA) which includes a user interface for non-experienced users and the possibility of generating code that can be used for scripting large studies. SEPIA incorporates various QSM toolboxes available in Matlab as well as a wide range of methods to process MR phase data, including signal phase unwrapping, background field removal and field-to-source inversion. |
| 4828 | Computer 110
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A Cloud Platform for Longitudinal Follow-up for Patients with Glioblastoma |
1Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States |
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Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma are typically treated with a combination of stereotactic surgical resection followed by chemoradiation. Follow-up of these patients post-treatment involves regular imaging to identify disease recurrence and plan adjuvant therapies. In this work, we present a cloud app that will facilitate radiologists and the treating physician team in quantitatively tracking post-treatment disease course using semi-automated segmentation of tumor and a structured scoring system to standardize monitoring of disease progression. |
| 4829 | Computer 111
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Bloch image simulations of brain pulse sequences using a GPU-installed gaming PC |
1MRI simulations Inc., Tokyo, Japan |
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Bloch image simulations for typical brain pulse sequences were performed using a GPU-installed gaming laptop PC and a numerical brain phantom. Artifact-free brain MR images were obtained by the Bloch image simulation using optimized numbers of subvoxels. Because the simulation times were the same order as the imaging time for the experiments, we concluded that the Bloch image simulator installed in an inexpensive gaming PC can be a powerful research tool for many MRI engineers and scientists. |
| 4830 | Computer 112
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New neuroimaging technologies in SPM: BIDS, docker, boutique, and quality control |
1UMR 1214 Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, INSERM, Toulouse, France, 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France |
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Today, sharing pipelines across the community is still a complex issue. New technologies and standards, however, change our methods for better collaboration. Here we propose to integrate them seamlessly into the stable and popular SPM pipeline manager. The graphical user interface gives enough flexibility for understanding, modifying, creating and sharing the standard pipelines that are not available today. These pipelines can finally be run with a simple BIDS-app command on any computer. |
| 4831 | Computer 113
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Application of memory reduced NUFFT to multi-dimensional non-Cartesian MRI |
1Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2University College London, London, United Kingdom, 3CEA/NeuroSpin & INRIA-CEA Parietal team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 4Children's Cardiovascular Disease, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 5Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom |
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A precomputed interpolation matrix on a GPU has been commonly used for fast iterative NUFFT MRI reconstructions, but the size of a 3D interpolation matrix may exceed the memory available on a single GPU. We propose a memory reduced interpolation method that would reduce the size of a multidimensional non-Cartesian interpolation matrix on a GPU. The memory reduced NUFFT reduces the matrix size by more than 90 |
| 4832 | Computer 114
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The qMRLab workflow: From acquisition to publication |
1NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada, 3Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, 4Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (UNF), Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada |
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qMRLab is open-source software that provides a wide selection of quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods for data fitting, simulation and protocol optimization. Currently, most qMRI methods are developed in-house and are difficult to port across sites. Our vision for qMRLab is to build standardized workflows for these methods, beginning at the scanner console and extending all the way to journal publication. We developed a web portal (https://qmrlab.org) that includes interactive tutorials and Jupyter Notebooks running on BinderHub, tailored for qMRI methods. The last piece of this workflow puzzle is the integration of qMRLab on MR systems, by deploying it as a plugin on a custom MRI application development platform (e.g. RTHawk). |
| 4833 | Computer 115
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MR Research in the cloud - preliminary results at Columbia University |
1Flywheel, Cambridge, MA, United States, 2Columbia University MR Research Center (CMRRC), Columbia University, New York, NY, United States |
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MR researchers are challenged with managing large data sets, scaling complex computational analyses, and supporting cross-functional collaboration. To tackle these challenges, Columbia University has fully integrated their data management and processing in the cloud to take advantage of high-performance yet low-cost storage, scalable on-demand compute resources, and secure regulatory-compliant infrastructure for sharing of data and algorithms. The result is a platform that has enabled more efficient workflows, greater productivity, and multi-site collaboration. |
| 4834 | Computer 116
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A Web-Based Data Management System as a Collaborative Imaging Research Platform |
1Research and Development, Synaptive Medical, Toronto, ON, Canada |
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A web-based data management system specifically aimed at imaging researchers is presented as a possible solution to the challenges of systematic data management and processing in a research environment. The system was employed during the development of a head-only MRI for post-processing quality assurance. Extending the use of the system to facilitate training of machine learning algorithms is proposed. |
| 4835 | Computer 117
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MRIReco.jl: An Extensible Open-Source Image Reconstruction Framework written in Julia |
1Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, 2Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany |
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Image reconstruction plays a major role in the recent years of development in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and has been one of the main drivers for reductions in scan time. Within this work we introduce a new software package MRIReco.jl that is very flexible to use and allows for rapid development of new reconstruction algorithms. The package uses the programming language Julia, which is very suitable for implementing reconstruction algorithms on a high abstraction level while still allowing for the generation of runtime-optimized machine code. |
| 4836 | Computer 118
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FeAture Explorer (FAE): a Tool of Radiomics Feature Analysis and Exploration |
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, 2Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 3MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China, 4Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China |
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Radiomics studies often requires researchers spend large amount of time trying out various combinations of different data preprocessing strategies, feature selection algorithms, classifiers, and associated hyper-parameters to find the best model. We developed a tool with graphics user interface named FeAture Explorer (FAE) to automate this tedious process. With FAE, to find the best model, researchers only need to specify the choices for each step in radiomics pipeline and let FAE do the rest. Results, such as clinical statistics of each model, can be reviewed and visualized. We used the PROSTATEx dataset to illustrate the function of FAE. |
| 4837 | Computer 119
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Gadgetron Inline AI: Effective Model inference on MR scanner |
1National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States, 2Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom, 3Gradient Software, Skødstrup, Denmark, 4NIH, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States, 5National Amyloidosis Centre, RoyalFree Hospital, London, United Kingdom |
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We extended Gadgetron, a widely used open-source framework, to support AI inference on clinical MR scanners. Specially designed software modules (InlineAI) was added to Gadgetron, allowing to load and apply AI neural network models on incoming MR data for compelte "in-line" fashion. That is, without any user interaction, results will be sent back to scanner and available immediately after data acquisition. Two AI based applications were developed as demenstration: Inline AI cine segmenation and perfusion flow mapping and analysis. |
| 4838 | Computer 120
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Automated Reconstruction Processing |
1Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States |
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A new pair of open-source tools designed to make it easier for researchers to perform automated (no operator intervention) processing of acquired data is described. The first tool handles collection of the required input files on the MR system, submission to an external reconstruction server, and retrieval and import of resulting DICOM images to the system. The second tool manages the reconstruction system, handling prioritization, launching, and monitoring of the reconstruction process. |
| 4839 | Computer 121
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3D Model-Based Parameter Quantification on Resource Constrained Hardware using Double-Buffering |
1Institute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria, 2Institute of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 3Biotechmed, Graz, Austria |
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Reconstructing 3D parameter maps of huge volumes entirely on the GPU is highly desirable due to the offered computation speed-up. However, GPU memory restrictions limit the coverable volume. To overcome this limitation, a double-buffering strategy in combination with model-based parameter quantification and 3D-TGV regularization is proposed. This combination warrants whole volume reconstruction while maintaining the speed advantages of GPU-based computation. In contrast to sequential transfers, double-buffering splits the volume into blocks and overlaps memory transfer and kernel execution concurrently, hiding memory latency. The proposed method is able to reconstruct arbitrary large volumes within 5.3 min/slice, even on a single GPU. |
| 4840 | Computer 122
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Development of Interpreter Module for Generating Varian VNMRJ Compatible Pulse Sequences using Pulseq Open-Source Toolbox |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States |
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Introduction of a Pulseq interpreter module to enable use of the Pulseq toolbox with Varian-based legacy systems. Targeted as an aid for both educational and research applications, the interpreter module’s development centered around flexibility and ease of use. Preliminary evaluation of the interpreter module has presented promising results when compared to the existing Varian standard sequences. The interpreter module is still in refinement, with plans to introduce new features such as variable names for amplitudes and comparison methods to identify user defined shapes that are already present in the system library. |
| 4841 | Computer 123
|
Dynamic platform-independent MRI vs. manufacturer’s implementations |
1MR Physics, Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany, 2MR-Imaging and Spectroscopy, Faculty 01 (Physics/Electrical Engineering), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany |
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MR sequence development is usually performed within vendor-specific frameworks, which do not allow for an easy sequence transfer to other manufacturers’ scanners. A platform-independent rapid prototyping environment for MR sequences was presented to allow both, a sequence transfer without code compilation and the generation of dynamic sequences at the scanner. This framework was used to implement a set of standard sequences and modules, which can easily be exchanged or implemented into different sequences. The aim of this work is to show that this approach of vendor-independent sequence development produces same image results as the sequences provided by the manufacturer. |
| 4842 | Computer 124
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A Realistic Numerical Simulation for Fetal Cardiac MRI |
1Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 4Pediatric Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 5Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, 6Pediatrics and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada |
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Validating new techniques for fetal CMR is challenging due to random fetal movement that precludes repeat measurements. Consequently, fetal CMR development has been largely performed using physical phantoms or postnatal volunteers. In this work, we present an open-source simulation designed to aide in the development and validation of new approaches for fetal CMR. Our phantom: Fetal XCMR, builds on established methods for simulating MR acquisitions but is tailored toward the dynamic physiology of the fetal heart and body. We present comparisons between the Fetal XCMR phantom and data acquired in utero, resulting in image quality, anatomy, tissue signals and contrast. |
| 4843 | Computer 125
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FitLike, a software for the analysis of T1 dispersion for Fast Field-Cycling experimentation |
1Unit 1205 BrainTech Lab, INSERM, Grenoble, France, 2University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom |
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Since early 2000 commercial solutions are available to study the dispersion of T1 with the magnetic field strength. This has generated a growing interest in T1 relaxometry study of sample material and a large amount of data to analyse. Yet data analysis for T1 relaxometry is almost entirely done with homemade software, which makes access to the technology difficult and limits the exchanges between research groups. Here we propose a new tool for the analysis of T1 dispersion profiles, software called FitLike that runs with Matlab. |
| 4844 | Computer 126
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Single image denoising and noise map estimation using random matrix theory |
1Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 2Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States |
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Conventional denoising and noise level estimation typically require data redundancy from multiple measurements or prior assumptions, such as smooth image prior or similarity between image patches. Here, we propose a single image denoising algorithm with noise map estimation by identifying the noise-only principle components based on universal properties of random covariance matrices, with the data redundancy created by segmenting data in the Fourier or wavelet domains. The proposed method is applicable to medical and other imaging modalities with spatially-varying noise, and is particularly beneficial to quantitative MRI acquisitions with a limited number of scans. |
| 4845 | Computer 127
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3D MRI Denoising with Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network |
1College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 2Department of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China, 3Lab of Image Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, 4Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China |
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MR image is easily affected by noise during the high-speed and high-resolution acquisition procedure. To effectively remove the noise and fully explore the potential of latest technique -- deep learning, in this abstract, we propose a novel MRI denoising method based on generative adversarial network. Specifically, to explore the structure similarity among neighboring slices, 3-D configuration are utilized as the basic processing unit. Residual autoencoder, combined with deconvolution operations are introduced into the generator network. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves superior performance relative to several state-of-art methods in both noise suppression and structure preservation. |
| 4846 | Computer 128
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Automated slice-to-volume registration between histology and whole-brain post-mortem MRI |
1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 3Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 4Institute of Medical Informatics, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany |
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Validating MRI data against histological ground truth is essential in the process of devising disease-specific imaging biomarkers that are sensitive to early microstructural changes in neurodegeneration. Current MRI–histology registration techniques are too labour- or resource-intensive to be used in large-scale studies. We introduce an automated pipeline for registering sparsely sampled, small (25x30mm) 2D stained histological images with 3D post-mortem MRI of the whole human brain. Our tests indicate sub-voxel (<0.5 mm) precision using simulated data, and <1 mm precision with real data. Implemented in a new, flexible image registration framework (TIRL), the pipeline is adaptable to various research needs. |
| 4847 | Computer 129
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A Two-Step Automated Liver MR Images Quality Assessment based on Convolutional Neural Network |
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, 2Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, China |
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We proposed a two-step approach to evaluate automatically liver MR image quality. Firstly, we used a U-Net to segment the liver region. Then image patches were extracted from this region and another CNN was applied to estimate the quality of each image patch. The quality of the entire image was calculated based on the total percentage of 'bad' image patches in all patches. Receiver operating characteristic curve and confusion matrix were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The performance of our method was comparable to human image readers. |
| 4848 | Computer 130
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Reinforcement Learning for Automated Reference-free MR Image Quality Assessment |
1Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany, 2Institute of Signal Processing and System Theory, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, 3School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London/St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom |
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Reinforcement learning is a method aiming to model a learner similar to human learning behavior. In this study, we investigate the possibility to utilize this technique to select an optimal feature set for automated reference-free MR image quality assessment. In our proposed setup, we use Q-learning and a random forest classifier to provide feedback to the learner. Moreover, we investigate a combination of multiple reinforcement learning models. Results show that our random-forest-based reinforcement learning setup can achieve higher accuracies than the previously used support vector machines or feature-based deep neural networks combined with traditional feature reduction like PCA. |
| 4849 | Computer 131
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A deep autoencoder method for image quality assessment |
1GE Healthcare, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States |
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We demonstrate a classification approach for MRI image-quality based on deep auto-encoder that can be trained with samples coming from only one class (eg. only good image-quality). This approach is helpful in situations where class-imbalance is unavoidable (i.e. it is easy to obtain a large number of image samples from one class but very difficult to obtain similar number of samples from other class). Our approach shows excellent accuracy in binary classification with AUC of 0.975 in identifying MRI images of good & bad quality in clinical practice from several sites. |
| 4850 | Computer 132
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Automated Identification of Noise Signal in Spinal DCE-MRI using Independent Component Analysis and Unsupervised Machine Learning |
1Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, 2Philips Healthcare, Gainsville, FL, United States, 3Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, 4Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States |
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Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MR perfusion has shown early promise in evaluation of spinal metastatic disease and can improve prediction of treatment responses and post-treatment complications. However, spinal DCE-MRI exams frequently suffer from suboptimal image quality due to factors including cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and vascular pulsation, respiration, bowel motion and patient bulk motion. Independent component analysis has been successfully used as a method to identify and remove motion artifacts from functional MR images. In this work, we combine ICA with an unsupervised machine learning method to automatically identify image components arising from contrast-enhancing tissues and those due to artifacts. |
| 4851 | Computer 133
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Deep Neural Networks for Motion Estimation in k-space: Applications and Design |
1Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany, 2Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany, 3Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States |
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While image-based motion estimation with Deep Learning has the advantage of an easier comprehension by a human observer, there are benefits to address the issue in k-space, as the distortion only affects echo trains locally; furthermore, Neural Networks can be designed to rely on the intrinsic k-space structure instead of image features. To our knowledge, these advantages have not been exploited so far. We show that fundamental Deep Neural Network techniques can be used for motion estimation in k-space, by examining different networks and hyperparameters on a simplified problem. We find suitable architectures for extracting 2D transformation parameters from under-sampled k-spaces for slice registration. This leads to a minimum residual of around 1.2 px/deg. |
| 4852 | Computer 134
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Deep Residual Neural Networks for QSM Background Removal |
1Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is a MR post-processing technique that estimates underlying tissue magnetic susceptibilities. In QSM processing pipelines, background field removal is of vital importance to obtain local tissue field estimates for precise susceptibility quantification. Existing background field removal methods such as SHARP, RESHARP, PDF, and LBV can effectively remove the background field. However, they struggled in clinical applications with large slice thickness and resulting non-isotropic resolutions. To address the limitations of these existing pre-processing methods in clinical QSM practice, a deep-learning-based method was proposed to approximate the underlying tissue field maps from total field maps. In-vivo datasets acquired using clinical SWI protocol demonstrated the improved performance of this approach, compared to conventional existing methods. |
| 4853 | Computer 135
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3T to 7T MRI Synthesis via Deep Learning in Spatial-Wavelet Domains |
1Department of Radiology and BRIC,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 2School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China |
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Ultra-high field 7T MRI scanners, while producing images with exceptional anatomical details, are cost prohibitive and hence highly inaccessible. In this abstract, we propose a novel deep learning network to synthesize 7T T1-weighted images from their 3T counterparts. Our network jointly considers both spatial and wavelet domains to facilitate learning for coarse to fine details. |
| 4854 | Computer 136
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Overcoming the Rician Noise Bias of T2* Relaxometry with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) |
1Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States, 2Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States, 3Department of Computer Science and Automation, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany |
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Rician noise represents the major source of bias in parametric fitting techniques, such as the estimation of the T2* relaxation time. This bias is particularly strong when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or T2* values are short, such as in clinical cases of severe brain or liver iron overload. In this work, we trained a deep convolutional neural network to recognize Rician noise and compute unbiased relaxation parameters from multi-echo gradient echo data. |
| 4855 | Computer 137
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k-space deep learning for MR herringbone artifact correction |
1KAIST, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of |
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Herringbone artifact is caused by power fluctuation of MR equipment or unstable shielding. Herringbone artifact image is difficult to analyze because it scatters on whole image region of single or multiple slices. There is a study for MR artifact correction which can be represented as sparse outliers on k-space. This method exploits the duality between the low-rankness of Hankel matrix in k-space and the sparsity in the image domain. However, this method has high computational complexity, and consumes much time. In this research, we suggest the new effective and fast MR artifact correction method using deep learning. |
| 4856 | Computer 138
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Gibbs-Ringing Artifact reduction in MR images with varying sampling levels Via a Single Convolutional Neural Network |
1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing & Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China, 2Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, 3Philips Healthcare, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China, 4Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Hong Kong, China |
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Gibbs-ringing artifact is caused by the insufficient sampling of the high frequency data. And in clinical practice, the appearance of ringing artifact, i.e. the real sampling level, is not accurately obtained. To address this problem, a single convolutional neural network (CNN) has been trained for reducing Gibbs-ringing artifact in MR images under varying sampling levels. The experimental results demonstrate that Gibbs-ringing artifact can be effectively reduced by the proposed method without introducing noticeable blurring. |
| 4857 | Computer 139
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Motion Correction of Magnitude MR Images using Generative Adversarial Networks |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States, 2Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States |
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Motion during MRI scan can reduce image quality due to the induced artifacts. We present a novel data-driven motion correction method for magnitude MR images using generative adversarial networks (GANs). GANs (Pix2pix model) is implemented to reduce motion artifacts and reconstruct motion-corrupted images through adversarial training between generator and discriminator to force motion-corrected image close to the reference image. The training set is made of image pairs, which consist of motionless reference images and corresponding motion-simulated images. The proposed method was validated by a simulated motion test set and a real motion (experimental) test set. |
| 4858 | Computer 140
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Fetal Motion Prediction from Volumetric MRI using Machine Learning |
1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, 2Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 3Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, 4Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 5Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 6Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States |
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Prospective motion correction is a challenge in clinical fetal MR imaging as fetal motion is erratic and often substantial. To address this problem, we propose a two-stage machine learning pipeline to extract fetal poses from echo planar MRI volumes at previous time points to predict future pose. This pipeline can be used to learn kinematic models of fetal motion and serve as valuable auxiliary information for real-time, online slice prescription in fetal MRI. |
| 4859 | Computer 141
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Head Movement Detection from Radial k-Space Lines using Convolutional Neural Networks – A Digital Phantom Study |
1Institute of Medical Engineering, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany, 2Institute for Robotics and Cognitive Systems, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany |
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Magnetic resonance imaging-guided linear particle accelerators use reconstructed images to adapt the radiation beam to the tumor location. Image-based approaches are relatively slow, causing healthy tissue to be irradiated upon subject movement. This study targets on the use of convolutional neural networks to estimate rigid patient movements directly from few acquired radial k-space lines. Thus, abrupt patient movements were simulated in image data of a head. Depending on the number of acquired spokes after movement, the network quantified this motion precisely. These first results suggest that neural network-based navigators can help accelerating beam guidance in radiotherapy. |
| 4860 | Computer 142
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Deep Learning based Velocity Aliasing Correction for 4D Flow MRI |
1Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States |
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We developed a convolutional neural network to detect and correct velocity aliasing in 4D Flow datasets. Our network uses an Unet architecture and was trained, validated, and tested on 100, 10, and 100 datasets respectively. It was able to detect as many or more phase wrapped voxels compared to the conventional algorithm and performed better on highly aliased regions of the dataset. |
| 4861 | Computer 143
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Fetal Pose Estimation via Deep Neural Network by Detection of Fetal Joints, Eyes, and Bladder |
1Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua university, BeiJing, China, 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 4Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 5Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States |
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Neural networks and deep learning have achieved great success in human pose estimation through the identification of key human points in conventional photography and video. We propose fetal pose estimation in a time series of |
| 4862 | Computer 144
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Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation |
1Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, 2Radiology, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, 3Radiology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan, 4Neurology, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, 5Radiology, Hopital Saint-Joseph, Paris, France |
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Synthetic FLAIR images are of lower quality than conventional FLAIR images. Here, we aimed to improve the synthetic FLAIR image quality using deep learning with pixel-by-pixel translation through conditional generative adversarial network training. Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned to acquire synthetic MRI and conventional FLAIR images. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. Using deep learning, we improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast that is closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast. |
| 4863 | Computer 145
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Synthesizing T2 Maps from Morphological OAI Scans Using Conditional GANs and a Split U-Net |
1Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, 4Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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We explore the feasibility of artificially adding an exam to an MRI scan protocol by synthesizing the desired exam from the acquired images. To achieve this, we both use a normal U-Net as well as a modified U-Net structure, which takes advantage of prior information of which exams of the protocol are most relevant to the high-resolution and low-resolution components of the desired contrast. We demonstrate results based on synthesizing T2 relaxation time maps using imaging data obtained from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. |
| 4864 | Computer 146
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Build-a-FLAIR: The synthetic generation of T2-FLAIR contrast from T2-weighted and diffusion metric images through a deep neural network. |
1Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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A deep neural network is presented to synthetically generate T2FLAIR weighted images from other standard neuroimaging acquisitions. Network performance improved with input images that share components with similar physical sources of contrast as the T2FLAIR contrast, while performance was degraded when disparate sources of contrast, like fractional anisotropy, were included. This suggests that a level of feature engineering is appropriate when building deep neural networks to perform style transforms with respect to MRI contrast, with input features containing shared physical sources of contrast with the desired output contrast. In the optimally trained network, pathology present in the acquired T2FLAIR images and not present in the training dataset was correctly reconstructed. |
| 4865 | Computer 147
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The impact of variable MRI acquisition parameters on deep learning-based synthetic CT generation |
1Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3MRIguidance, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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Deep learning-based synthetic CT generation models are generally trained and evaluated on MR images obtained with a single set of acquisition parameters. In this study, we investigated the robustness of such models to clinically plausible changes in acquisition parameters by training and evaluating models on MR images acquired and reconstructed from gradient echo sequences at different echotimes (TE), resolution and flip angles. We investigated the sensitivity to TEs by training models on randomly interspersed multi-echo gradient echo MR images acquired at different TEs. Multi-echo trained models achieved better generalization performance to varying acquisition parameters without excessively compromising results on dedicated data. |
| 4866 | Computer 148
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Visualizing the “ideal” input MRI for synthetic CT generation with a trained deep convolutional neural network: Can we improve the inputs for deep learning models? |
1University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2UC Berkeley - UC San Francisco Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley and San Francisco, CA, United States |
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Deep learning has found wide application in medical image reconstruction, transformation, and analysis tasks. Unlike typical machine learning workflows, MRI researchers are able to change the characteristics of images that are used as inputs to deep learning models. We proposed an algorithm that allows us to visualize the “ideal” input images that would provide the least error for a trained deep neural network. We apply this visualization technique on a deep convolutional neural network that converts Dixon MRI to synthetic CT images. We briefly characterize the optimization behavior and qualitatively analyze the features of the “ideal” input image. |
| 4867 | Computer 149
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Synthetic MRI with water suppression technique to reduce CSF partial-volume artifacts |
1Department of Radiological Sciences, Shizuoka College of Medicalcare Science, Hamamatsu, Japan, 2MRI development department, Canon Medical Systems corp., Otawara, Japan, 3Clinical Research and Development Center, Canon Medical Systems corp., Otawara, Japan |
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We proposed a new synthetic-MRI technique combined with water suppression to reduce CSF partial volume effects (PVE) artifacts problematic in a conventional synthetic-MRI. Our water suppression was simply achieved by subtracting additionally acquired long-TE SE image of water signal dominant. After the quantitative parameter maps of original and with water suppression were generated, water-suppressed synthetic-SE and -FLAIR images were calculated using those suitable combinations. We demonstrated that CSF PVE artifacts were dramatically reduced in our proposed synthetic-FLAIR, and furthermore that, by the two-compartment model simulation and volunteer MR brain study, our synthetic-SE provided better gray-white matter contrasts compared to our synthetic-FLAIR. |
| 4868 | Computer 150
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Towards Contrast-Independent Automated Motion Detection Using 2D Adversarial DenseNets |
1Digital Technology and Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ, United States, 2Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 3Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States, 4Electrical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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Patient motion is a challenging and common source of artifacts in MRI. Two recent studies investigating motion detection with convolutional neural networks showed promising results, but did not generalize to varying MRI contrasts. We present a unified, domain adapted deep learning routine to provide automated image motion assessment in MR brain scans with T1 and T2 contrast. We aim to limit the influence of varying image contrasts, scanner models, and scan parameters in the motion detection routine by using adversarial training. |
| 4869 | Computer 151
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Feature Reduction and Selection: a Study on their Importance in the Context of Radiomics |
1Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany, 2Institute of Signal Processing and System Theory, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, 3School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London/St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom |
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Using large amounts of image features in the context of Radiomics to perform complex image analysis tasks yields promising results for clinical applications. While it is easy to extract a large amount of features from medical images, it is complex to select the right features for a specific scientific problem. This study aims to show, how important it is to pay attention to choosing the right technique to select the most suitable features by means of feature reduction or selection on the example of two Radiomics-related MR image classification tasks. |
| 4870 | Computer 152
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Preoperative prediction of pelvic lymph nodes metastasis in early-stage cervical cancer using radiomics model based on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI |
1Department of Radiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, xi'an, China, 2Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, 3School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China |
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1. A radiomics nomogram for preoperatively predicting of PLN metastasis in patients with ECC was developed and validated. 2. The model displayed good performance (C-index=0.893 in primary cohort and C-index=0.922 in validation cohort). 3. The radiomics nomogram showed a significant improvement over the clinical nomogram in predicting PLN metastasis. 4. The radiomics signature derived from the combined T2WI and DWI has the best performance. |
| 4871 | Computer 153
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Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis Subtype through Machine Learning Analysis of Frontal Cortex Metabolite Profiles |
1Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, United States, 2Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, 3Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, 4Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States |
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The onset and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) is accompanied by changes in brain biochemistry. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for investigating these changes in vivo. Machine learning analysis of MRS-derived biochemical profiles may reveal metabolic patterns inherent in certain MS subtypes to inform their diagnosis. By employing a feature set of only metabolite concentrations derived from brain MRS data acquired at 7 Tesla, we achieved an 80% validation set accuracy for differentiating MS patients from healthy controls and a 70% validation set accuracy for differentiating relapsing-remitting and progressive MS patients. |
| 4872 | Computer 154
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Differentiation of Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma Using Radiomic AnalysisBased on T2 and CET1 MRI |
1Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China, 2Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China |
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In this study, we assessed the ability of our newly established radiomic model based on using multiparametric MR data to help differentiate OS from EWS of the pelvis. We evaluated 16 features that were extracted and selected by using the LASSO method. Our radiomics model yielded favorable results and constituted a new technique for the discrimination of OS and EWS. The AUC was high for both T2-FS and CET1. High specificity was achieved when using data both from T2-FS and CET1 (82.9% and 100%, respectively) and the sensitivity was also high from T2-FS (74.2%). In brief, we believe that the methodology developed in this work may serve as a reliable additional tool for differentiation OS from EWS. |
| 4873 | Computer 155
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Generated data can boost the recognition performance for Intervertebral disc herniation |
1College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China, 2Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 3Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China |
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Although deep convolutional neural network has shown encouraging performance regarding lesion classification, it is limited due to the high requirement of data labeling. In this study, we attempted to improve the recognition performance under limited labeled data using generated data for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation classification. |
| 4874 | Computer 156
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Deep Predictive Modeling of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Data |
1Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States |
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This work demonstrates the use of recurrent generative spatiotemporal autoencoders to predict up to fifteen future frames of abdominal DCE-MRI video data, starting with only three ground truth input frames for context. The objective is to predict what healthy patient video data and organ-specific contrast curves look like, to expedite anomaly detection and enable pulse sequence optimization. The model in this study shows promise; it was able to learn contrast changes without losing structural resolution during training time, and lays the foundation for future work. |
| 4875 | Computer 157
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Automatic detection of age- and sex-related differences in human brain morphology |
1Department of Radiology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, 3Institute of Physics IFGW, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, 4Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil, 5Institute of Systems Engineering and Information Technology, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá, Brazil, 6Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil, 7Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 8Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 9Seaman Family Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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Research on neurological and mental disorders has shown the diagnostic potential of volumetric brain analysis, also evidencing differences of human brain structures regarding sex and aging in normal subjects. This study aims at identifying the most important volumetric sex- and age-related differences of brain structures using machine learning approaches. It was found that the most important brain structures were different for age- and sex-related differences, which should be taking into account when diagnosing neurological and mental disorders based on morphological features. |
| 4876 | Computer 158
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Survival prediction from DCE-MRI kinetic parameters in patients with osteosarcoma using deep learning |
1St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States |
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DCE-MRI may be a prognostic biomarker for some tumors including osteosarcoma. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a DCE-MRI kinetic parameter map of osteosarcoma can provide prognostic indicators for clinical results using three deep convolution neural networks (DCNN). In this study, we found that DCNNs can provide biomarkers for overall survivals with accuracy over 0.8; three DCNNs have the comparable performance in prediction of clinical results; and the predictions using DCNN with tumor mask were significantly better than those without using tumor mask. |
| 4877 | Computer 159
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Deep neural network processing of original DCE-MRI data for survival prediction |
1St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States |
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DCE-MRI is a valuable tools in many clinical applications, but data analysis is complex. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the original DCE images without complex modeling can be used to predict the clinical results of osteosarcoma using deep convolution neural network (DCNN). We also assess whether the prediction from original images were different from those using the kinetic parameters. We found that DCNN can predict overall survivals with an accuracy of about 0.8 using a set of 2D DCE tumor images, which is not significantly different from results based on kinetic parameter maps. |
| 4878 | Computer 160
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Characterizing MRI Biomarkers for Conversion Prediction of Preclinical Mild Cognitive Impairment |
1School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China, 2Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 3School of Medicine, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China |
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Identifying subjects at the stage of preclinical mild cognitive impairment (pre-MCI) is fundamental for early intervention of pathologic cognitive decline. This study aims to investigate the progression from cognitive normal (CN) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to MCI, by characterizing imaging biomarkers in brain MRI data via a deep-learning framework. This deep-learning framework is designed to first evaluate the discriminative capability of regions-of-interest (ROIs) in brain MR images, and then to predict the progression of CN/SCD subjects to MCI within 36 months. The results suggest that brain structure changes at the pre-MCI stage can be objectively detected in MR images by our method. |
| 4879 | Computer 161
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Detection of White Matter Hyperintensities using Ensemble 3D Deep Learning Networks |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, 2Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, 3Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, 4Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States |
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White matter hyperintensities (WMH), hyperintense on T2-weighted FLAIR images are prominent features of demyelination and axonal degeneration in cerebral white matter. The time-consuming nature of manual segmentation necessitates the need for faster and reliable automated segmentation algorithms. In this work, we propose three deep learning architectures for WMH detection on 3D FLAIR images: a modified UNET3D, Res-UNET3D and their ensemble combination. Two UNET3D and two Res-UNET3D were trained with random initialization using 3D patches sampled from within the brain. The posterior probabilities for WMH from individual networks were averaged to obtain a revised posterior probability for the ensemble. Performance of the individual networks as well as that of the ensemble was assessed using dice and precision scores. It was observed that the ensemble of 3D networks yields improved dice and precision scores in comparison to an average of individual networks, thereby reducing the effect of choice of network or parameters. Furthermore, the average dice scores for the ensemble approached the inter-observer variability of human observers. |
| 4880 | Computer 162
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3D Convolutional Networks to predict Total Knee Replacement using Structural MRI |
1Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States, 2Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY, United States, 3Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States, 4Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, 5Center for Musculoskeletal Care, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, 6Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, 7The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States |
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder of joints and is the most common reason leading to total knee joint replacement (TKR). In this work, we developed an automated OA-relevant imaging biomarker identification system based on MR images and deep learning (DL) methods to predict knee OA progression. Our results indicate that the combination of multiple MR images with different contrast and resolution provides the best model to predict TKR with AUC 0.88±0.01. |
| 4881 | Computer 163
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Whole-Brain R1 mapping predicts occupational Mn air exposure: a support vector machine approach |
1School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States, 2Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States, 3Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States |
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Manganese (Mn) is a neurotoxin that can lead to symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease. Welders exposed to welding fume can accumulate quantities of Mn in their brain eliciting T1 contrast effects. Mn exposure estimates are useful for determining a welder’s risk for symptoms, but quantifying Mn in the brain would be more beneficial. While R1 (1/T1) is proportional to local Mn accumulation, the relationship is likely non-linear, complicating interpretation of R1. Therefore, we propose a support vector machine model using whole-brain R1 maps to predict classes as determined by group, Mn air exposure, and excess brain Mn accumulation. |
| 4882 | Computer 164
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To evaluate the role of machine learning for characterization of breast lesion using multi-parametric MRI. |
1Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, 2Department of Radiology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Haryana, Gurgaon, India, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India |
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The role of machine learning in medical imaging is increasing day by day. It can help in combining a variety of complementary information obtained using multi-parametric MRI(mpMRI). The objective of this study was to differentiate benign vs. malignant breast tumor using machine learning with optimized feature set obtained from mpMRI data. The study included mpMRI data of 49 patients with breast cancer. Quantitative mpMRI parameters as well as texture features were used as feature set in machine learning. The combination of the wrapper method with SVM resulted in high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (93.75%) in the binary classification of benign and malignant. |
| 4883 | Computer 165
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Differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis based on the central vein sign assessment using deep learning: a multicentre study. |
1Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS 5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 4Departement of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 5Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States, 6Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 7Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 8Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland |
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Prospective multicentre studies are needed to establish the clinical value of the central vein sign for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. This type of studies requires manual segmentation and classification of lesions with and without the central vein sign, which are time-consuming tasks. In this work, we evaluate the performance of an in-house deep-learning-based prototype algorithm for automated assessment of the central vein sign using data from two different healthcare units. |
| 4884 | Computer 166
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Structural- and Functional-Connectivity Convolution Neural Networks (SCFCnn) for Integrated Brain-Behavior Prediction in the HCP dataset |
1Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 2Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States |
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In this work, we investigate an efficient structural (SC)- and functional (FC)-connectivity convolution neural network (SCFCnn) architecture applied on both FC and SC to detect the links between individual non-imaging language traits and |
| 4885 | Computer 167
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Enhance One-minute EPIMix Brain MRI Exams with Unsupervised Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Network |
1Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 3Subtle Medical Inc., Menlo Park, CA, United States, 4Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden |
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Recently, a new one-minute multi-contrast echo-planar imaging (EPI) based sequence (EPIMix) is proposed for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the ultra-fast acquisition speed, EPIMix images suffer from lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution than standard scans. In this study, we tested whether an unsupervised deep learning framework could improve the image quality of EPIMix exams. We evaluated the proposed network on T2 and T2 FLAIR images and achieved promising qualitative results. The results suggest that deep learning could enable high image quality for ultra-fast EPIMix exams, which could have great clinical utility especially for patients with acute diseases. |
| 4886 | Computer 168
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Analyzing multi-exponential T2 decay data using a neural network |
1Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 4Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 5Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 6Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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The water molecules within a single voxel may exist in different microenvironments so that the T2 relaxation is considered as a multi-exponential decay. A few quantitative imaging techniques such as myelin water imaging attempt to extract the short T2 component as a marker specific to myelin. However, decomposition of multi-exponential T2 decay data is an ill-posing problem. Commonly used non-negative least squares fitting method is slow, complex and unstable, even with strong regularization and B1 correction. We used synthetic data to train a single neural network for a better and faster analysis of the multi-exponential T2 decay data. |
| 4887 | Computer 169
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DeepSPIO: A SPIO particles quantification method using Deep Learning |
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile, 4Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 5Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile |
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In this study we propose a method to quantify the distribution of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) particles with MRI. This task is particularly challenging due to the extreme distortion that these particles produce in the image. Our method is based on a supervised feed-forward deep learning model. The estimation of total quantity of SPIO was in the order of 9% error. This is potentially useful for detecting breast cancer metastasis by identifying residual particles in the breast and eventually other organs. |
| 4888 | Computer 170
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Will a Convolutional Neural Network Trained for Non-contrast Water-Fat Separation Generalize to Post-Contrast Acquisitions? |
1St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY, United States, 2St Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY, United States |
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A deep learning CNN trained using precontrast images generalizes to post-contrast images, providing equivalent image quality with fewer swap artifacts. For |
| 4889 | Computer 171
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Fully Automated 3D Body Composition Using Fully Convolutional Neural Networks and DIXON Imaging |
1Human Longevity, Inc, San Diego, CA, United States |
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Here we show the first fully automated method for body composition profiling with MRI DIXON imaging. The fully automated body composition method developed can be used for radiation-free MRI risk stratification without any manual processing steps making it more accessible clinically. This would be most likely used for risk prediction and risk stratification for diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. |
| 4890 | Computer 172
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Proving b1000 DWI has performance advantage to classify low and high risk Gleason groups by using Neural Network classifier |
1Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China, 2Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 3Xidian University, Xi'an, China |
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The Gleason grading of histological samples is recommended for the assessment of prostate cancer risk. Assessing Gleason grade correctly can improve patient prognosis and implement early diagnosis. The aim of this work was to prove that b1000 DWI has the best effect on Gleason high-risk and low-risk grading in T2WI and DWIs with b=1000，b=2000, and b=3000. We use NN (Neural Network) with Ensemble Method on each sequence. The AUC of b1000 DWI was 0.8734, which is significantly higher than those observed for other DWIs. |
| 4891 | Computer 173
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Harmonization of Longitudinal MRI Scans in the Presence of Scanner Changes |
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 4F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, 5Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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Longitudinal studies are frequently hampered by changes to scanning protocols, forcing research centers to forgo recommended upgrades to scanning equipment, software, and scan protocol design to allow for consistent scanning. Using a harmonization method that utilizes deep learning and a small (n=12) overlap cohort to learn specific differences between structural MR images before and after a significant scanning change and examined longitudinal data acquired annually over 10 years to determine if bias induced by the scanner change is still present after harmonization. We assessed these results using quantitative metrics for contrast and probed volumetric results using automated segmentation algorithms. |
| 4892 | Computer 174
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Deep Learning with a Novel Surface Feature for Fully Automatic Quantification of Lesion Hyperintensities in Multiple Sclerosis |
1University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States, 2Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States, 3Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States, 4Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States, 5Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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Manual lesion segmentation presents major labor and limitations for quantitative MS lesion analysis, and recent improvements in deep learning promise more consistent, fully automatic lesion segmentation. However, convolutional neural networks still rely on learned thresholding of the arbitrary boundaries of diffuse hyperintensities. Therefore, we aimed to develop a new DL framework pairing a CNN and a custom surface feature that could detect hyperintense isocontour in 3 dimensions very sensitively. Our goal is to achieve detection of MS lesions and quantification of lesion hyperintensity volume with a new DL algorithm that combines traditional imaging and a specially designed surface feature. |
| 4893 | Computer 175
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Tools for assessing and mitigating confounding effects in Machine-Learning based studies of MRI data |
1INFN, sez. Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 2Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy, 3University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy |
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Using Machine Learning (ML) techniques on neuroanatomical data obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming increasingly popular in the study of Psychiatric Disorders (PD). However, this kind of analyses can be affected by overfitting and thus be sensitive to biases in the dataset, producing hardly reproducible results. It is therefore important to identify and correct possible bias sources in the sample. We present two tools aimed at addressing this matter: a methodology to assess the confounding power of a variable in a specific classification task, and a cost function to use during classifier training on highly biased data. |
| 4894 | Computer 1
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Inversion Recovery Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition (IR-PETRA) for Direct Myelin Imaging in Human Brain |
1Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States, 2GE Healthcare, San Diego, CA, United States, 3Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States |
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Due to very low proton density and rapid signal decay (T2*<300µs at 3T), it is challenging to directly image myelin in the white matter of the brain using MRI. The literature demonstrates that direct myelin imaging is feasible using inversion recovery (IR) preparation followed by dual echo ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI, allowing direct capture of the rapidly-decaying myelin signal with greatly improved dynamic range. In this study, we show the efficacy of IR prepared Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition (IR-PETRA) for direct myelin imaging in the human brain. |
| 4895 | Computer 2
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Myelin UTE imaging, to be or not to be? |
1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States |
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This work attempts to directly image ultrashort T2 myelin signals using ultra short echo time (UTE) MRI. Long T2 water signals were suppressed using either adiabatic inversion recovery (AIR) to null signal of a single T1, or multiple adiabatic inversion recovery (MAIR) to null signal over a range of T1s. AIR-UTE showed contrast in white matter, but no such signal was observed in MAIR-UTE. These findings indicate that the AIR-UTE white matter signals are unsuppressed water signals and that the solid proton signals of myelin decay too quickly to be observed by UTE MRI. |
| 4896 | Computer 3
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Silent Myelin Imaging with a dipolar-coupled/inhomogeneous MT-Prepared ZTE Radial Sequence |
1Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2ASL Europe, GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany |
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We generated myelin-specific contrast in a silent radial ZTE sequence using a dipolar-coupled MT-prep module. This sequence has great potential for visualising myelin in patient cohorts that do not tolerate the noise from standard MRI, such as infants. |
| 4897 | Computer 4
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Improved estimates of the g-ratio by modelling its contribution to complex signal evolution in GRE data |
1CUBRIC, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2Seimens Healthcare Ltd., Camberley, United Kingdom |
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g-ratio is an important parameter of axon physiology and there is great interest in estimating it non-invasively in MRI. Existing approaches rely on fitting to a multi-compartment model and calculating g-ratio from the estimated volume fractions (Stikov et al, 2015). Here, we show that we can get improved estimates of the g-ratio by modelling its contribution to frequency offsets in GRE data using a hollow cylinder fibre model. Through simulations and model fitting to in vivo human GRE data we show g-ratio estimates are improved and closer to values obtained from histology compared with the existing approach. |
| 4898 | Computer 5
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Multi-exponential Relaxometry using $$$\ell_1$$$-regularized Iterative NNLS (MERLIN) for Accurate and Robust Myelin Water Fraction Imaging |
1Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany, 2Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 3Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany, 4JARA - BRAIN, Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany |
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A new parameter estimation algorithm, MERLIN, is presented for accurate and robust multi-exponential relaxometry using MRI. Multi-exponential relaxometry is fundamentally ill-conditioned, and as such, is extremely sensitive to noise. MERLIN is a fully automated, multi-voxel approach that incorporates $$$\ell_1$$$-regularization to enforce sparsity and spatial consistency of the estimated distributions. The proposed method is compared to the conventional $$$\ell_2$$$-regularized NNLS (rNNLS) in simulations and in vivo experiments, using a multi-echo gradient-echo (MEGE) sequence at 3T. The estimated water fraction maps from MERLIN are spatially more consistent, more precise, and more accurate, reducing the root-mean-squared-error by up to 90 percent in simulations. |
| 4899 | Computer 6
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Feasibility study on artificial neural network based myelin water fraction mapping |
1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Seoul St.Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Department of Radiology and Research Institure of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 4Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea, Republic of |
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We developed an artificial neural network (ANN) using magnitude 3-pool signal model based training sets. Simulations were performed for evaluation with various SNR and |
| 4900 | Computer 7
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Sensitivity of in vivo myelin imaging techniques to detect subtle changes in myelin lipid and protein content in post-mortem multiple sclerosis brain tissues |
1Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3UBC MRI Research Centre, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 4Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 5Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 6Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 7Radiology, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 8Neuropathology, Medical University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany |
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Previous post-mortem single-slice myelin water fraction (MWF) measurements have shown good correlations with the myelin lipid fraction across tissue types. However, the role of protein content was not assessed nor have validations been performed for the whole brain 3D-Gradient and Spin Echo (GraSE) technique that has been employed in recent studies. We showed that 3D-GraSE based MWF measurements reliably distinguished regions of different myelin integrity reflective of difference in myelin lipid and protein content. In contrast, subtle variations in MWF within tissue classes or between persons may relate to differences in protein content. |
| 4901 | Computer 8
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Robust myelin water imaging from multi-echo T2 data using second-order Tikhonov regularization with control points |
1Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, 2FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain, 3LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 4Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 5Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM)-AIT, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 6Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 7Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, 8Computer Science Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy |
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Myelin water imaging is an MRI technique used to quantify myelination in the brain. The state-of-the-art reconstruction method is based on non-negative least squares optimization with zero-order Tikhonov regularization. In this study, a second-order Tikhonov regularization approach with control points was examined. This penalty term is more efficient for promoting smooth solutions while minimizing the contamination between myelin and non-myelin components. The performance of the proposed algorithm was investigated on in-vivo and ex-vivo multi-echo T2 data. It exhibited a higher correlation with histology than the state-of-the-art method. Its stability was studied using scan-rescan data. |
| 4902 | Computer 9
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A Model-Based Method for Estimation of Myelin Water Fractions |
1Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States, 3Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, 4Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China, 5Institute for Medical Imaging Technology (IMIT), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 6School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 7Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China |
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Quantitative mapping of myelin water fractions (MWF) can substantially improve our understanding of the progression of several demyelination white matter diseases such as multiple sclerosis. While MWF can be determined from both T2-weighted and T2*-weighted imaging data, it is much faster to collect T2*-weighted imaging data. However, estimation of MWF from T2*-weighted imaging data using a multi-exponential component model is an ill-conditioned problem whose solutions are often very sensitive to noise and modeling errors. In this work, we address this problem using a new model-based method. This method is characterized by: a) absorbing the spectral priors using the Bayesian-based statistical framework, and b) absorbing the spatial priors using a reproducing kernel based model. Both simulation and experimental results show the proposed method significantly outperforms the conventional parameter estimation methods currently used for MWF estimation. |
| 4903 | Computer 10
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Analysis of Gradient Echo Myelin Water Imaging (GRE-MWI) for water exchange and scan parameters |
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea, Republic of |
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In this study, we investigate the effects of the compartmental water exchange on gradient echo myelin water imaging (GRE-MWI). We simulate MWF variation from different scan parameters (flip angle and TR) using a four pool white matter model and compare the simulation results with the in-vivo measurements. The results demonstrate that 1) the simulation with the water exchange better explains the in-vivo results and 2) GRE-MWI with a long TR can provide robust myelin water quantification regardless of changes in flip angle. Therefore, our results suggest GRE-MWI with a long TR as a robust option for myelin water imaging. |
| 4904 | Computer 11
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Influence of model settings on myelin water fraction and frequency distribution for gradient-echo MRI at 7 Telsa |
1The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia |
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Quantitative assessment of model parameters (water fraction and frequency shift) estimated using a multi-compartment model can be useful to study tissue properties in white matter. In this work, we utilise multi-compartment models for multi-echo gradient echo data acquired at 7T. We investigate the variation of model parameters that could potentially be affected by differences in tissue microstructure in the corpus callosum. We further study the effect of different models (number of compartments and parameters) on the estimation of tissue parameters. We show that the tissue parameters vary across the sub-regions of the corpus callosum and are effected by different modelling choices. |
| 4905 | Computer 12
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Gradient echo modelling with macroscopic field variations and large flip angles |
1Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria |
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The signal decay of a 2D gradient echo sequence is substantially influenced by macroscopic field variations along the slice profile. Here we propose a numerical model describing the signal decay due to a macroscopic field gradient for arbitrary excitation pulses with large flip angles. Phantom and in-vivo experiments show that accurate modelling requires inclusion of the phase along the slice profile and the polarity of the slice selection gradient. Additionally, we show that applying the model yields better results for R2*-mapping and myelin water fraction estimation. |
| 4906 | Computer 13
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In vivo assessment of the anisotropy of R2* maps in white matter |
1Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital – Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, 22 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 4Michael Stifel Center for Data-driven and Simulation Science Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, 5Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, 6Center of Medical Optics and Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany |
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The effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) is increasingly used in quantitative MRI, and its dependence on the orientation of white matter fibers in the brain has received significant attention. In this contribution, we assess the effect of the flip angle of a multi-echo gradient-echo sequence on the orientation dependence of the derived R2* map and suggest a simplified explanation to the observed R2*(θ; FA) behavior. |
| 4907 | Computer 14
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Estimation of microstructural properties of white matter from multiple orientation GRE signal simulations of realistic models |
1Donders institute, Radboud university, Nijmegen, Netherlands |
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This study presents the creation of 2D white matter models, based on real histologically derived axon shapes, with |
| 4908 | Computer 15
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Evaluating the sensitivity of T1w/T2w, MTR, MWF and DKI to variation of myelin content |
1Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China, 2Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, 3MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China, 4Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States |
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MRI metrics such as T1w/T2w ratio, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), myelin water faction (MWF) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) indices have been used to detect myelin content. To assess the sensitivity of above metrics to variation of myelin content, in vivo human corpus callosum is used as a test case in the study. The results suggest that MTR varies least but MWF varies the most as myelin content changes. |
| 4909 | Computer 16
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Stain-free histology to validate quantitative MRI |
1Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2Montreal Health Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada, 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, Sweden, 4Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 5Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada |
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Quantitative MRI (qMRI) is reproducible but often lacks calibration and/or specificity to the underlying microstructure. Light transmission optical histology of stained tissue is a popular method for validation, however, it is hampered by calibration issues and inhomogeneous penetration of staining agents. We propose a method to validate quantitative MRI metrics using stainless histology by utilizing the innate autofluorescence spectra of tissues when excited with ultraviolet laser. We demonstrate a proof-of-concept application of a qMRI validation pipeline on a pig spinal cord section with in vivo and ex vivo qMRI followed by histological autofluorescence microscopy to quantify myelin content. |
| 4910 | Computer 17
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Apparent Population Inversion Due to Steady-State Transcytolemmal Water Exchange |
1Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States, 2Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 4Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China |
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The homeostatic cellular water efflux rate constant, kio, has a significant contribution from cell membrane sodium pump activity previously unmeasurable. With high extracellular contrast agent concentration or ultra-low magnetic field, kio can be precisely determined by two-site-exchange analysis of in vivo 1H2O longitudinal relaxation data. With the low field case, there is an inversion of the apparent tissue compartmental contributions from the true values. The NMR shutter-speed organizing principle informs an analysis spanning the entire range of conditions. |
| 4911 | Computer 18
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An inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) quantification method robust to B1 and T1 variations in magnetization prepared acquisitions |
1Radiology, Division of MR Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 2Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France |
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Standard MT and ihMT ratio (ihMTR) measures can be sensitive to B1 and T1, making them less specific to tissue microstructure. Using the inverse signal, i.e. one divided by the signal, and a high flip-angle reference image in calculation of an ihMTR metric has been proposed as a metric with improved insensitivity to T1 and B1 in steady-state gradient-echo sequences. We present a modified method for use in prepared sequences such as magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE). The sensitivity of ihMT MPRAGE metrics to T1 and B1 was tested using simulations and acquisitions in brains of healthy volunteers. |
| 4912 | Computer 19
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In vivo inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) outside the brain using radial ultra-short echo-time acquisitions |
1Radiology, Division of MR Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 2Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France |
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Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) effects have been readily observed in myelinated structures. The advent of low duty-cycle ihMT to increase the signal allows application of ihMT in other tissues. In this work, we explore the feasibility of applying ihMT in non-myelinated tissues such as the heart, liver, and kidneys of mice. This is achieved using a radial, ultra-short echo-time acquisition for greater motion robustness. The results demonstrate a measurable ihMT signal outside the central nervous system. Thus the microstructure of such tissues might be assessed based on the dipolar order contribution to ihMT. |
| 4913 | Computer 20
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Myelin-sensitive imaging of the optic chiasm and optic nerve at 3T using inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) with high B1 pulses |
1Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, 2Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, 3Philips Healthcare, Gainesville, FL, United States, 4Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) imaging is a novel enhanced magnetization transfer contrast, which has been shown to originate from long-lived dipolar couplings in the tissue (e.g. dipolar couplings between the methylene molecules of the myelin phospholipid bilayer). In this study, we optimized an ihMT scan protocol for imaging the optic nerve and chiasm for the first time. This method may potentially be used for quantitative evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as other diseases affecting the visual pathway. |
| 4914 | Computer 21
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Investigating the Influence of Adipose Fat on the Inhomogeneous Magnetization Transfer (ihMT) Images |
1Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, 2Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 3Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, 4Philips Healthcare, Gainesville, FL, United States |
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Inhomogeneous Magnetization Transfer (ihMT) imaging is a novel enhanced magnetization transfer technique. In this study, we investigated the influence of fat (i.e. adipose tissue) and echo time on the ihMT ratio through simulation, phantom, and in vivo studies. A substantial variation on the ihMTR values in the presence of fat is illustrated, depending on the echo times used. |
| 4915 | Computer 22
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Assessment of two T1D components within myelinated tissue with ihMT MRI |
1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France, 2Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Marseille, France, 3CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France, 4Department of Radiology, Division of MR Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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T1D, the relaxation time of the dipolar order, is a probe for membrane dynamics and organization that could be used to assess myelin integrity. A single-component T1D model associated with a modified ihMT sequence had been proposed for in vivo evaluation of T1D with MRI. However, experiments and simulations revealed that myelinated tissues exhibit multiple T1D components. A bi-component T1D model is proposed and validated. Fits in a rat spinal cord yield two T1Ds of about 10 ms and 400 μs. The results suggest that myelin has a dynamically heterogeneous organization. |
| 4916 | Computer 23
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Reproducibility of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT): a test-retest, multi-site study |
1Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji, China, 2GE Healthcare China, Beijing, China |
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Derived from conventional magnetization transfer, inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) has been shown to be a promising method for myelin imaging in recent studies. In the present study, the test-retest reproducibility and multi-site variability of ihMT in measuring major white matter fibers were evaluated. Good test-retest reproducibility and multi-site agreements were obtained. These findings support the use of ihMT measurements as biomarkers in multicenter and/or longitudinal studies. |
| 4917 | Computer 24
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On the dipolar order underlying broad macromolecular lines |
1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France, 2Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France, 3Division of MR Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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Dipolar order has recently regained attention in MRI to analyze dipolar broadened lines in CEST and inhomogeneous Magnetization Transfer (ihMT), leading to new frequency irradiation patterns for enhanced saturation and access to an unexplored degree of freedom. A better understanding of dipolar order is of great interest to guide intuition and may lead to fundamental optimization of the ihMT technique, which is a promising tool providing new tissue contrasts. In this contribution we propose to review this concept, considering a simplified model of isolated proton pairs and the general Provotorov theory of RF saturation which applies to an ensemble of coupled spin. |
| 4918 | Computer 25
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Non-invasive detection of molecular profiles in the human brain. |
1The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel |
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Lipids makes more than 40% of the human brain in dry weight, and have broad information carrying roles in the CNS. In-vivo quantitative MRI (qMRI) aims at characterizing the biological properties of brain tissue. However, it lacks specificity to the molecular environment. Here, we present a novel biophysical framework that allows to decode the lipid composition of brain tissue from the MRI signal. First, we tested our approach on lipid samples of known composition. Next, by comparing the our molecular-specific measures to postmortem histological data, we were able to predict in-vivo lipidomic profiles in the human brain. |
| 4919 | Computer 26
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Global Information Matters in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Using 3D Fully Convolutional Neural Networks |
1The UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States |
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Recent research has shown that deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have the potential to solve the ill-posed dipole inversion problem in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). This study investigates the effects of patch-based QSM reconstruction by modifying a DCNN to take global susceptibility-phase relation into consideration. |
| 4920 | Computer 27
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Magnitude and phase based mapping of particle concentrations - effects of diffusion |
1Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 2Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany |
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The magnitude and phase of the gradient echo signal in biological tissue highly depend on its iron concentration. A quantitative evaluation of the iron concentration, however, is complicated due to the complex interplay between susceptibility and diffusion effects. In this work, we analyze the gradient echo signal as well as the spin echo signal of uniformly distributed particles, with inclusion of diffusion and susceptibility effects, and provide analytical relations that connect magnitude, phase and iron concentration. This allows a quantitative description of the iron concentration based on magnitude or phase images. |
| 4921 | Computer 28
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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Brain – A Comparative In vivo Study of Humans and Nonhuman Primates |
1Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany, 2Center for Systems Neuroscience, Goettingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany |
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the brain was performed in healthy humans and cynomolgus monkeys at comparable age using almost identical MR parameters, including the magnetic field strength. This comparative study revealed very similar values of magnetic susceptibility in gray matter structures between the two species, but a significantly lower magnetic susceptibility in parts of the corpus callosum of monkeys compared to the humans. This difference may be related to differences in the position of fiber tracts relative to the magnetic field lines, but it may also reflect differences in iron content, fiber density, and myelination. |
| 4922 | Computer 29
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Improvement of Reproducibility in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) and Transverse Relaxation Rates (R2*) after Physiological Noise Correction |
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Department of Radiology, Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea, Republic of |
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Respiration-induced local magnetic field variation makes artifacts in gradient echo based images and reduces reproducibility of QSM and R2*. This study investigated reproducibility after respiration-induced error correction. The results showed a significantly improved reproducibility in QSM and R2* mapping. |
| 4923 | Computer 30
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R2, R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) changes of corpus callosums in aging rats: Possible contributions from myelin thickness |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea, Republic of |
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Myelin is essential component for complex motor, sensory and cognition function.1 Among many quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques investigating myelin structure, direct MR parameter influenced by the myelin thickness is rarely investigated.1 Here, we study the effect of myelin thickness on R2, R2* and susceptibility using the finite perturber method (FPM)-based simulation and post-mortem aging rat brains. It is observed from simulations that both myelin thickness and myelin volume fraction (MVF) affects R2 and R2* values, whereas the phase change (QSM) showed a significant change only by the change of MVF. In preliminar experiments, consistent results were observed. |
| 4924 | Computer 31
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Altered Brain Iron Content and Deposition Rate in Huntington Disease Indicated by Quantitative Susceptibility MRI |
1Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, BALTIMORE, MD, United States, 2F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, BALTIMORE, MD, United States, 3Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen, China, 4Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurobiology, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology,Johns Hopkins University, BALTIMORE, MD, United States |
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We investigated the natural history of brain iron content at different stages of premanifest and manifest Huntington disease (HD) as indicated by changes of magnetic susceptibility values measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Higher susceptibilities were observed in striatum and globus pallidus of closer-to-onset premanifest HD and early HD patients, but not in the further-from-onset premanifest HD group as compared to controls using 1-way MANCOVA. Analysis using a general linear model showed significantly higher iron deposition rates (11.9%/yr in caudate and 6.1%/yr in globus pallidus) in closer-to-onset premanifest HD and early HD as compared to controls over a one-year follow-up. |
| 4925 | Computer 32
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Characterization of Bias in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping with Anisotropic Imaging Resolution: Studies in a Numerical Phantom, 3D Printed Liver Phantom, and In Vivo Patient Scans |
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 4Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 5Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a promising technique for measuring iron concentration in patients with liver iron overload. In liver QSM, the constraints of scan time in a breadth-hold and the requirement of a short first echo time lead to limited imaging resolution, with anisotropic voxels. In this work, we characterized bias in liver QSM with anisotropic imaging resolution in simulation, a 3D printed liver phantom and patients. Our study shows that resolution-induced bias is related to the downsampling direction and is spatially-varying. In vivo results suggest the liver imaging resolution along the left-right dimension may affect liver susceptibility measurements. |
| 4926 | Computer 33
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QSM Inversion Through Parcellated Deep Neural Networks |
1Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) can estimate tissue susceptibility distributions and reveal pathology in conditions such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. QSM reconstruction is an ill-posed inverse problem due to a mathematical singularity of the requisite dipole convolution kernel. State-of-art QSM reconstruction methods either suffer from image artifacts or long computation times. To overcome the limitations of these existing methods, a deep-learning-based approach is proposed and demonstrated in this work. 200 QSM datasets were utilized to compare current QSM reconstruction methods (TKD, closed-form L2, and MEDI) with the proposed deep-learning approach using visual scoring assessment of streaking artifacts and image sharpness. These multi-reader study results showed that the deep learning solution can produce QSM images with improved scores in both streaking artifacts and image sharpness evaluation while providing an almost instantaneous inversion computation through neural network inferencing. |
| 4927 | Computer 34
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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) MRI in a Collagenase Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) |
1Charles River Discovery, Kuopio, Finland |
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Management of ICH is critical for the recovery and appropriate imaging methods to follow the process are needed. ICH was induced by intra-striatal infusion of collagenase IV. Study consisted T2/diffusion-maps at 6 hours, 1, 3 and 14 days and ex vivo QSM at D1 and D3. QSM revealed large ICH lesions with low susceptibility core and high susceptibility outer rim. Histogram comparison showed modulation in susceptibilities; D1 with higher proportion edema processes and iron than D3. QSM method seems particularly suitable for in vivo applications to study ICH in rats due to proper lesion size and clear presence of iron. |
| 4928 | Computer 35
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Structurally Constrained Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping |
1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States, 2The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Bingham Farms, MI, United States, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 4Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States, 5Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States |
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In this study, a structurally constrained susceptibility reconstruction method, SCSWIM, is proposed. This method employs the unique contrast of STAGE imaging and segmented basal ganglia and vessels. It is tested on both simulated and in vivo human brain data. Evaluations show the improved reliability of the geometry information, reduced streaking artifacts, and increased accuracy of the susceptibilities of both basal ganglia and veins in the SCSWIM compared to other methods. |
| 4929 | Computer 36
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Investigation of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and assessment of associated brain injuries at 1.5 Tesla |
1Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji, China, 2GE Healthcare China, Beijing, China |
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Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) often progress to serious clinical consequences which had close relationship with cortical/subcortical tubers and white matter lesions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is capable of quantitatively measure the susceptibility. However, little is known about the susceptibility changes of brain damage caused by TSC. This study aims to investigated the diagnostic value of QSM in TSC. Our results suggest that QSM can shown subependymal calcified nodules and provided the quantitative information of white matter damage. So, QSM sequence may have a complementary role in the conventional MRI evaluation of tuberous sclerosis patients. |
| 4930 | Computer 37
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Evaluating the Relationship Between the Venous Magnetic Susceptibility ($$$\chi$$$) and $$$R_2^*$$$ of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) |
1Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Neuroradiological Academic Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterised by arteriovenous shunting, which increases oxygenation in the veins draining the AVM compared to healthy veins. In healthy veins, a quadratic relationship is expected between the transverse relaxation rate ($$$R_2^*$$$) and the magnetic susceptibility ($$$\chi$$$). By calculating $$$\chi$$$ and $$$R_2^*$$$ we investigated whether this relationship holds in the AVM draining veins and superior sagittal sinuses of fourteen patients. We found a significant positive correlation between $$$R_2^*$$$ and $$$\chi^2$$$ in the healthy veins, but not in the AVM draining veins where the quadratic relationship is disrupted and $$$\chi$$$ values can be used to measure oxygenation. |
| 4931 | Computer 38
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SHARQnet - Sophisticated Harmonic Artifact Reduction in Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network |
1Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark, 2Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 3Siemens Healthcare Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia, 4Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria |
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We propose a fully convolutional neural network for background field removal in MR phase images for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping. Our proposed method, SHARQnet, learns to solve the background field problem from theoretical simulations of background field distributions, and the results are compared to current state-of-the-art methods like SHARP, V-SHARP, and RESHARP. |
| 4932 | Computer 39
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping for routine clinical use – An inline automated QSM reconstruction pipeline |
1Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 2Siemens Helathcare Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia, 3Department of Radiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States, 4Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Helathcare, Lausanne, Switzerland, 5Department of Radiology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland, 6LTS5, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 7Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 8Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia |
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a post-processing technique for gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) phase data, which provides information about tissue composition complementary to common Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI). To date, QSM’s multiple complex processing steps has limited its clinical application. In this work, we present an automated and robust inline QSM post-processing pipeline compatible with flow-compensated GRE and VIBE sequences. The QSM pipeline includes morphological and atlas-based segmentation, two different QSM algorithms and is compatible with SWI processing. Two clinical cases of QSM in Traumatic Brain Injury and Multiple Sclerosis are presented. |
| 4933 | Computer 40
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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping using a Deep Learning prior |
1Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 2Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States |
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A Bayesian method is proposed by formulating deep learning outcome as a regularization in QSM reconstruction. It enforces the fidelity between the network generated QSM and the measured inhomogeneity field. Preliminary results indicate both quantitative and qualitative improvement over QSM by deep learning alone. |
| 4934 | Computer 41
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A Comparsion Study of Ultrashort Echo Time Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (UTE-QSM) with Different Sampling Trajectories |
1Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China, 2Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States, 3Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States |
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The ability to accurately and non-invasively quantify IONPs is desirable for many emerging applications, including for the evaluation of iron overload in the human body. 3D UTE Cones has demonstrated ability to detect high iron concentration with shorter echo times. In this study, we aimed to make clear whether the non-Cartesian sampling of Cones trajectory affects the accuracy of QSM. By comparing three different kinds of UTE sampling trajectory, as well as different stretch factors of Cones, the results show that no significant differences between these UTE QSM results were found. |
| 4935 | Computer 42
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Measurement of Copper and Iron Accumulation in the Deep Gray Matter Nuclei of patients with Wilson Disease Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and R2* Mapping |
1East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, 2Shanghai First People Hospital, Shanghai, China, 3Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States |
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The objective of this study was to evaluate magnetic susceptibility and R2* values from QSM and R2* for differentiating Wilson Disease (WD) from healthy controls (HC). 14 WD and 14 HC subjects were scanned using a 3D multi-echo GRE sequence. The results indicated that susceptibility values in the caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra (SN), red nucleus (RN) were significantly higher in patients with WD as compared to those of HC. R2* values were significantly higher in WD patients in all ROIs. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that QSM provided the highest AUC=0.888 at SN. |
| 4936 | Computer 43
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Quantitative Analysis of QSM Image for PD Basal-Cortico Circuit |
1Department of Electronics and Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China, 2Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China, 3National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China |
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Parkinson’s disease is associated with iron accumulation, while quantitative susceptibility mapping can provide quantitative measures of magnetic susceptibility. To investigate the connection about iron deposition and PD etiology or progression, we focused on 16 regions in Basal-Cortico motional circuit by using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Combined with a series of Parkinson’s disease scale score, we derived the relationship between iron content and the scale scores. |
| 4937 | Computer 44
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Functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM) during auditory stimulation |
1Imago7 and IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy, 2IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy, 3University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy |
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Functional Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (fQSM) has two very appealing and promising features: it is a quantitative way of mapping brain function and it is considerably less affected by the non-local effects typical of the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal. Here, the response of the auditory cortex to the presentation of relatively short acoustic stimuli has been studied. The majority of voxels with positive BOLD responses exhibited negative fQSM responses, while some other voxels exhibited positive fQSM repsonses, which might reflect different interplays among changes in fractional oxygen saturation, cerebral blood flow and volume. |
| 4938 | Computer 45
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Echo time-dependent reproducibility of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping at different field strength |
1IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy, 2IMAGO 7 Foundation and IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy, 3University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 4Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy |
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The assessment of reproducibility of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is critical in multi-center studies and clinical follow-ups. However, many experimental factors and acquisition parameters may compromise quantification accuracy. In this work, we analyze the impact of echo time on intra-scanner repeatability and inter-scanner reproducibility of QSM using a 3D multi-echo GRE sequence on MRI scanners of different field strength (3T and 7T) from the same vendor. |
| 4939 | Computer 46
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High Repeatability of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) in the Head and Neck With a View to Detecting Hypoxic Cancer Sites |
1Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom |
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As hypoxic tumours in the head-and-neck are more resistant to radiation therapy, there is a pressing clinical need to measure tumour oxygenation non-invasively. Since deoxyhemoglobin in the blood, which indicates hypoxia, is paramagnetic, QSM is a candidate technique. Here, we tested QSM’s repeatability in various head-and-neck regions in ten healthy volunteers to investigate the feasibility of detecting the susceptibility difference expected to result from hypoxia. We found low minimum detectable effect sizes in the lymph nodes (0.12 ppm), submandibular glands (0.08 ppm), and parotid glands (0.04 ppm). This high QSM repeatability paves the way for clinical studies. |
| 4940 | Computer 47
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Multiscale Spherical Mean Value based background field removal method for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping |
1Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile, 4Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 5Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 6Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 7Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom |
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We present a multiscale SMV implementation (MSMV) for background field removal in QSM. We use a combined redundant Laplacian decomposition and Laplacian pyramid approach with fuzzy masks to remove background fields and reconstruct the local field. We tested this algorithm against PDF, LBV, ESHARP |
| 4941 | Computer 48
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Dynamic quantitative susceptibility mapping to assess vascular compliance in the brain |
1UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 3Translational Neuroradiology Unit, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States |
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In this study we explored if quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) allows assessing blood pressure induced changes of the magnetic susceptibility in the brain as consequence of cerebral autoregulation. Eight healthy subjects underwent fast QSM at 3.0-T and simultaneous measurement of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) following a small drop in MAP caused by a change in posture. A linear relationship between MAP and susceptibility was observed, where the slope represents a measure of the cerebral vascular compliance with different signs for arterial and venous blood vessels. |
| 4942 | Computer 49
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Correlation and frequency based analyses between functional QSM and fMRI |
1NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States, 2Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 3Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, 4Swiss Center for Musculoskeletal Imaging, Balgrist Campus AG, Zurich, Switzerland |
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Earlier works demonstrated applications of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) in functional MRI, including both task- and resting-state experiments. The focus had been mostly on the bi-directional activations consistently observed in fQSM. In this work, our aim was to compare the temporal and frequency characteristics of susceptibility and magnitude time-course signals. Importantly, we also included cardiac and respiration signals, and showed that the global susceptibility signal might inherently include more physiological information than the magnitude. |
| 4943 | Computer 50
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Readout Duration-dependent Bias on R2* Mapping and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Using 3D Radial and Cones Acquisitions at 3.0T |
1Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States, 4Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States, 5Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States, 6Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States |
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Ultra-short TE (UTE) R2* mapping and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) are emerging techniques for quantifying iron deposition in various organs, including the brain and liver. In tissues with short T2* values (high R2*), the fast signal decay-induced errors during the relatively long readout in typical UTE acquisitions, i.e., 3D radial and cones UTE, may confound R2* and susceptibility measurements. In this study, we characterized the readout duration effects on R2* and susceptibility estimation in 3D radial and cones UTE-acquisitions at 3.0T. Simulation and phantom studies showed bias in the estimated R2* and susceptibility when long readout durations were used. |
| 4944 | Computer 51
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Cerebral spin compartmentalization based on biexponential modeling of T2-prepared pCASL 3D GRASE data |
1Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany, 2German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany |
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In this work, a pCASL sequence with T2 preparation module and 3D GRASE readout was developed. We present a novel approach to estimate the spin compartment of labeled protons by a voxel-wise and biexponential fit to whole-brain ASL data. This method allows for the spatial quantification of intra- and extravascular spin fractions of the ASL signal as well as their temporal evolution. |
| 4945 | Computer 52
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Combined estimation of dispersion and macrovascular signal in multi-PLD pCASL data using a two-component model |
1C.J.Gorter Center for high field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 2Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 3Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Research Council UK (EP/P012361/1), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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In pCASL a well-defined, box-shaped bolus is created at the labeling plane and for quantification this shape is assumed to be preserved, however, in reality this shape will be dispersed. With multi-timepoint data, the effects of dispersion can be observed in the macrovascular component, which can be separated from the tissue component using a two-component model. In this study the combined estimation of dispersion and macrovascular signal was investigated. When a gamma distribution dispersion kernel was incorporated into the two-component model, a significant decrease in CBF values was found, while a significant increase in macrovascular signal was observed. |
| 4946 | Computer 53
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Robust arterial transit time estimation using combined acquisition of Hadamard-encoded pCASL and long-labeled long-delay pCASL: a simulation and in vivo study |
1Radiological Center, University of Fukui Hospital, Yoshida-gun, Japan, 2Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, 3Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Japan, 4MR applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare Japan, Hino, Japan, 5Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan, 6Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan, 7MR Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Calgary, AB, Canada |
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A combination scan of 3-delay Hadamard-encoded pseudo-continuous ASL (H-pCASL) and single-delay pCASL with long labeling duration and long post-labeling delay was proposed as the robust arterial transit time (ATT) estimation for prolonged ATTs. Simulation showed that the mean normalized error of the proposed method was small for a wide range of ATTs compared to that of H-pCASL alone. In in vivo experiments, ATTs were not significantly different among the methods. However, 7-delay H-pCASL presented a lower ATT and larger variance. The proposed method improves the robustness of ATT estimation for prolonged ATTs with practical acquisition times in the clinical framework. |
| 4947 | Computer 54
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Assessment of Hepatic Perfusion Before and After a Meal Challenge Using Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling in MRI: Comparison with Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Phase Contrast |
1Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan, 2Faclty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutial and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, 3Philips Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 4Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan |
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To assess hepatic blood flow (HBF) with a noninvasive method, we acquired HBF flow before and after meal ingestion using the pCASL method. In addition, we investigated the relationship of HBF, perfusion-related diffusion coefficient (D*) with intravoxel incoherent motion and portal vein blood flow (PVBF) with phase contrast. For each value of HBF, D*, and PVBF following meal ingestion increased significantly compared with the values prior to ingestion. However, there were no correlations between hepatic blood flow, perfusion-related diffusion coefficient, or portal flow with either pre- or post-ingestion. |
| 4948 | Computer 55
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Influence of labeling parameters of velocity selective arterial spin labeling for renal perfusion imaging |
1Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2C.J.Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 3Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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Velocity selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) is a spatially non-selective method that labels spins based on their flow velocity, thereby labeling closer to the target tissue, reducing the influence of arterial transit time (ATT) and requiring no planning. In the abdomen, motion and complex vascular anatomy might, however, require dedicated VS-labeling parameters. We assessed the feasibility of VSASL for renal perfusion measurement by investigating its dependency on essential labeling parameters, and by comparing it with pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) as a spatially-selective reference ASL-technique. Our results show, that with carefully chosen sequence parameters, VSASL is feasible for renal perfusion measurement. |
| 4949 | Computer 56
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Enabling free-breathing renal pCASL with background suppression and motion correction: a comparison with paced-breathing |
1Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2C.J.Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 3Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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Renal perfusion imaging using arterial spin labeling (ASL) is challenged by respiratory motion and physiologic noise, often dealt with by breathing instructions requiring patient cooperation. We investigated if background suppression (BGS) combined with image registration, guided by the ASL-images themselves or additionally acquired fat-images, would enable free-breathing renal ASL. To this end, free-breathing ASL was compared with paced-breathing ASL, both including BGS and image registration. BGS and registration improved the quality of free-breathing renal pCASL, showing increased temporal SNR similar to paced-breathing ASL, without reducing perfusion-weighted signal. In conclusion, free-breathing renal pCASL is possible when employing BGS and image registration. |
| 4950 | Computer 57
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Quantification of intracranial vascular compliance using multi-PLD pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling with retrospective cardiac gating |
1Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Intracranial vascular compliance (IVC) is an important factor in regulating the cerebral perfusion pressure and is believed to be linked to multiple neurological disorders. In this study, a retrospectively-gated multi-PLD pCASL technique was used to estimate arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV) and compliance. Our results showed that this technique can quantify cardiac-induced variations of aCBV as well as IVC distribution maps. |
| 4951 | Computer 58
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Exploring dynamic RF shimming for labelling in PCASL at 7T |
1Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom |
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Despite the intrinsic SNR gains at 7T, pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) is limited by poor $$$|B_1^+|$$$ coverage in the labelling plane and the associated high local SAR of the sequence. In this work we perform simulations to consider the usefulness of dynamic RF shimming using a commercially available head-only RF coil equipped with 8-transmit channels, for labelling in PCASL. |
| 4952 | Computer 59
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Comparison of multi-delay renal PASL-FAIR and pCASL perfusion quantification at 3T |
1Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2C.J. Gorter Center for high field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands |
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ASL has emerged as a non-invasive tool for measuring renal perfusion. Whereas in the brain consensus leans towards pCASL as the preferred labeling strategy, in the kidney PASL-FAIR has been reported on most. A systematic comparison of renal PASL-FAIR and pCASL perfusion measurement was performed at 3T in 16 volunteers, with separate visits to assess repeatability. PASL-FAIR perfusion values were significantly higher than those obtained with pCASL. Moreover, at 3T PASL-FAIR had approximately 2-3 times better repeatability compared to pCASL. |
| 4953 | Computer 60
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Beyond the consensus: what to include when 5 minutes are available for perfusion imaging by PCASL? |
1imec - Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 2Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 3Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands, 4Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 5Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands |
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While the consensus statement on the recommended implementation of arterial spin labeling (ASL) has advanced ASL to clinical application, variations in labeling efficiency, longitudinal relaxation time of blood and arterial transit times can cause significant quantification errors. With simulation experiments, it is shown that sacrificing ASL scan time for measurements of these parameters improves the estimation reproducibility of the cerebral blood flow on a population level. Furthermore, multi-delay ASL modalities in combination with these extra measurements can compete with or outperform the single-delay consensus implementation in terms of estimation accuracy and precision, depending on the underlying distribution of transit times. |
| 4954 | Computer 61
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Optimization of Pseudo Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling for renal ASL |
1Radiology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, 2Siemens Healthineers, Madrid, Spain |
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Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) is a non-contrast MR perfusion imaging technique. Pseudo continuous ASL (pCASL) is one of its recomended implementations. The efficiency of pCASL has been shown to be dependent on velocity and magnetic field variations. pCASL was assessed through simulations for the measured velocities in the aorta and including off-resonance effects. Five volunteers were imaged with different average gradient to ratio combinations. The results showed that aorta velocities and off-resonance effects shifted the efficiency towards lower ratios and to a constrained smaller range of gradients. A p-value of 0.04 demonstrated that differences in efficiency were significant across Gave values. |
| 4955 | Computer 62
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Alternative Slice Acquisition Orders for High-Resolution MB-EPI PCASL Imaging with Background Suppression |
1Radiology-Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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Relative static tissue signal differences between neighboring slices across slice bands in MB-EPI PCASL imaging with background suppression (BS) are dramatically larger than those in MB-EPI PCASL imaging without BS, and can result in severe subtraction errors/artifacts for imaging data with large subject motion that sometimes cannot be corrected or removed by motion correction. To resolve this issue, alternative slice acquisition orders are proposed and evaluated. Our results suggest that the proposed alternative slice acquisition orders can improve the robustness of MB-EPI PCASL imaging with BS, providing comparable CBF estimates with minimized subtraction errors. |
| 4956 | Computer 63
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Implementation and validation of ASL perfusion measurements for population-based imaging |
1Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 3Global Research, General Electric, Munich, Germany |
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Pseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL) is an ideal tool for non-invasive perfusion measurements in population-based imaging studies, which require longitudinal scanning with an unchanging MRI hardware and software set-up. Herein we present the results of the implementation and validation of a 3D pCASL sequence for use in the Rotterdam Study, running since 2005. |
| 4957 | Computer 64
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Investigation of the effects of age and gender on normal cerebral blood flow in infants using arterial spin labeling MRI |
1Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China, 2Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji, China, 3GE Healthcare China, Beijing, China |
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This study systematically revealed normal values of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in different age groups of infants using three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (3D PCASL) technique. Our results demonstrated a significantly lower CBF value in neonates than in other age groups. We also found a significant positive correlation between age and various regional mean gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) CBF values in infants. Taken together, our findings demonstrated benefits of the application of the infants perfusion imaging technology to the clinical field by using arterial spin labeling (ASL) to provide information of metabolic status and neurodevelopmental outcomes. |
| 4958 | Computer 65
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Arterial spin labeling reveals altered cerebral vascular reactivity to carbon dioxide challenge in Q175 mouse model of Huntington's disease |
1Bio-Imaging lab,University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 2CHDI Foundation, Princeton, NJ, United States |
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CVR deficits can cause a negative effect on neurovascular coupling leading to blood delivery impairment in activated brain regions. As such, impaired CVR may lead to neural degeneration over a period of time. We measured CBF and CVR using pCASL in Q175 mouse model of Huntington’s disease (11 transgenic and 10 wild-type at 15 month). In order to measure CVR, we measured changes in CBF during a 10% CO2 vascular challenge. The results indicated an overall decreased CVR in transgenic compared to wild-type mice. |
| 4959 | Computer 66
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Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeled renal perfusion imaging at 3T with improved robustness to off-resonance |
1Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, 2Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, 3Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States |
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Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) has been applied for renal perfusion imaging, where inflowing blood is labeled in the descending aorta, just above the kidneys. However, in some cases when the labeling plane is positioned close to the lungs, significant decreases in SNR have been observed. We hypothesized that this was due to decreased labeling efficiency caused by the off-resonance effects near the lungs. In this study, an unbalanced pCASL gradient scheme that was optimized to be more robust to B0 inhomogeneities was compared with default implementations of pCASL at different labeling locations along the descending aorta. |
| 4960 | Computer 67
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Convolutional Neural Network based Automatic Planning for Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling |
1Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany, 2Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany |
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Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) requires careful planning of the labeling plane to achieve high labeling efficiency, which makes the quality of the imaging results dependent on the experience of the operator. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of using a convolutional neural network to automatically predict an appropriate labeling position based on angiography images, thereby allowing for fully automatic pCASL perfusion scans. |
| 4961 | Computer 68
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Assessing Morphology of Cerebral Macro- and Microvasculature Using Dynamic Perfusion Tensor Imaging ASL |
1C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 2Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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Time-encoded pseudo-continuous ASL was combined with bipolar crusher gradients to measure a time-resolved perfusion tensor of the brain vasculature. Gradients provided a high degree of attenuation of the intravascular signal which increased with greater gradient strength and decreased (down to 25%) at long post-labeling delays (PLDs). Perfusion tensor images showed correspondence with known structures such as the anterior cerebral artery and the circle of Willis. Fractional anisotropy of perfusion remained elevated and increased with longer PLDs. Adjustments in gradient strength and time-encoding scheme may permit the imaging of microvascular structure. |
| 4962 | Computer 69
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Compensating T2 blurring in 3D TSE with Cartesian acquisition based arterial spin labeled MRI |
1Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, 2Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States, 3Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States |
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3D fast/turbo spin echo (FSE/TSE) acquisitions are preferred for arterial spin labeled (ASL) MRI due to their higher SNR and compatibility with background suppression. However, 3D TSE suffers from T2 blurring caused by the T2 decay of the ASL signal along the prolonged echo train lengths, which may degrade image quality. This is often more noticeable in 3D TSE with Cartesian acquisitions. In this study, a truncated k-space filter is designed to compensate the T2 blurring of 3D TSE with Cartesian acquisitions and improve sharpness of ASL brain perfusion images. |
| 4963 | Computer 70
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Robust and SAR-efficient whole-brain pseudo-continuous ASL at 7T |
1German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany |
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In this work, a modified pseudo-continuous ASL sequence is presented, which reduces the SAR deposition by ~50% and provides robust labeling efficiency in the presence of off-resonances between -300Hz and 300Hz. The sequence was successfully tested on two coils with different coverage of the neck region at two labeling positions. The method allows PCASL experiments at UHF without a pre-scan in significantly reduced scan time and, therefore, exploits the advantage of UHF for perfusion imaging. |
| 4964 | Computer 71
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Optimization of Velocity-Selective-Inversion Arterial Spin Labeling (VSI-ASL) with 3D Whole-Brain Coverage |
1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2Kennedy Krieger Institute, F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) has the advantage of insensitivity to transit time delay compared to the spatially selective method, thus potentially providing more accurate and robust blood flow measurements in cerebrovascular diseases. Fourier-transform based velocity-selective inversion (FT-VSI) prepared ASL has higher sensitivity to perfusion signal than conventional velocity-selective saturation (VSS) prepared methods. To date, VSASL has largely been implemented with 2D EPI acquisitions. However, a 3D readout is preferred for ASL techniques. This study demonstrated the feasibility of FT-VSI prepared VSASL with 3D whole-brain coverage and compared it with conventional VSS ASL and pseudo-continuous ASL (PCASL) at 3T. |
| 4965 | Computer 72
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Optimal Strategies for CSF and Tissue Suppression in Velocity-Selective Arterial Spin Labeling |
1Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States |
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Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling (VS-ASL) inherently suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contamination from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion. This study aims to develop and evaluate optimal strategies for inversion based background suppression (BGS). Specifically, we investigate the influence of the timing of signal nulling and inflow from outside the region of interest. Our results suggest an optimized BGS which allows VS-ASL based measurement of cerebral blood flow maps with reduced CSF contamination while preserving sufficient perfusion signal. |
| 4966 | Computer 73
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The influence of the cardiac cycle on Velocity Selective and Acceleration Selective Arterial Spin Labeling, using retrospective triggering. |
1C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 2Center of Imaging Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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In this study, the influence of the cardiac cycle on the amount of label produced by velocity-selective (VSASL) and acceleration-selective arterial spin labeling (AccASL) was investigated. A sequence combining pCASL and VSASL(AccASL) was developed to isolate the arterial blood pool. Results showed significant arterial signal fluctuations in the amount of label produced by VSASL, AccASL and pCASL over the cardiac cycle. Hence, in order to become independent of the cardiac cycle, sufficient averages need to be taken when applying these techniques. Alternatively, these findings could be highly interesting for the purpose of quantifying pulsatility higher up in the vascular tree. |
| 4967 | Computer 74
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Improved Velocity-Selective Labeling Pulses for Myocardial ASL |
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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Velocity selective ASL is an exciting option for myocardial perfusion imaging as it does not require any contrast agents and is insensitive to coronary arterial transit times. Feasibility in humans was recently demonstrated with performance primarily limited by 1) spurious labeling of moving myocardium, and 2) low labeling efficiency. We present improvements to the velocity selective labeling pulse that overcome these limitations, leveraging recent developments in velocity-selective MRA. Specifically, we use Fourier Velocity Encoding to reduce spurious labeling of moving myocardium and use inversion to increase labeling efficiency. |
| 4968 | Computer 75
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Venous Velocity Selective Inversion for improved selection of the venous blood pool for oxygen extraction fraction determination |
1Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 2Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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By combining pulsed ASL and Velocity Selective Inversion it is possible to selectively label the venous blood pool. This new method, dubbed venous velocity selective inversion (vVSI) could be used to measure the oxygen extraction fraction in the venous and arterial blood with a single scan. |
| 4969 | Computer 76
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Correlation between Fat Fraction and MR relaxation times in the vertebral bone marrow at 1.5 T. |
1Univ Rennes, Inserm, LTSI – UMR 1099, Rennes, France, 2CHU Rennes, Rennes, France |
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The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vivo correlation between Fat Fraction and T1, T2* for both water and fat compartments, in vertebral bone marrow at 1.5T. A fast chemical-shift-encoded 3D multi-gradient-echo sequence and a B1-mapping sequence were acquired at two different flip angles. Fat Fraction, T1 of water, T2* of water, T1 of fat and T2* of fat were obtained using a previously published method. The results of the current study show strong correlation between Fat Fraction and the relaxation times. |
| 4970 | Computer 77
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Rapid, whole-brain T1 mapping using inversion recovery EPIK (ir-EPIK): a quantitative assessment with a group of subjects |
1Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany, 2Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany, 3JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany, 4Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany |
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Due to their relative insensitivity to B1 inhomogeneities, Look-Locker methods are widely used for the quantification of T1 relaxation time. One such Look-Locker method, TAPIR, has been demonstrated with several clinical applications and has been shown to be faster than conventional gradient-echo sequences. However, it still requires a considerable acquisition time for whole-brain imaging. To overcome this limitation, a much faster method, ir-EPIK, has been presented in our earlier work. This work aims to perform a quantitative assessment of ir-EPIK in comparison to TAPIR using phantom data and twenty data sets from subjects. All data were acquired at 3T. |
| 4971 | Computer 78
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Observation and Mitigation of Magnetization Transfer Effects in the two-point 3D Variable Flip Angle T1 Mapping Technique at 3T |
1Medical Physics, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario, Kingston, ON, Canada, 2Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 3Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 4Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada |
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The Variable Flip Angle (VFA) T1 mapping technique has been employed extensively in the past given its high contrast-to-noise ratio per unit scan time. However, its sensitivity to B1 field inhomogeneity and imperfect spoiling hinders its reproducibility among different scanners and imaging centers. In this study, we investigate the impact of magnetization transfer (MT) effects in a 3D VFA technique using fixed flip angles, while varying B1 amplitudes and durations, following corrections for non-ideal RF spoiling and RF inhomogeneity. We show that via careful tuning of the RF pulse amplitudes and durations, MT effects can be mitigated, yielding T1 measurements that match closely with a gold-standard IR-EPI technique. |
| 4972 | Computer 79
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The influence of fat on T1 mapping of the liver: a comparison of Look-Locker and variable-flip-angle techniques |
1Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, 2MR Applications Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany |
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In 383 patients two methods for T1 mapping – 2D Look-Locker (LL), and 3D variable-flip-angle (VFA) combined with a 2-point-Dixon technique – were compared and their correlation with the intrahepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF) was evaluated. T1_LL showed a moderate positive correlation with PDFF, while there was an intermediate negative correlation between T1_VFA_in (T1 calculated from water and fat in-phase signal) and PDFF; T1_VFA_W (T1 calculated from water only signal) was nearly independent of PDFF. In patients with PDFF above 5%, LL, VFA_in, and VFA_W yielded significantly different results for T1. |
| 4973 | Computer 80
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Time efficient T1 measurement of Cortical Bone using a Three-Dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time Cones Variable Flip Angle-Actual Flip Angle Imaging (3D UTE-Cones VFA-AFI) method |
1Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 3Radiology Service, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States |
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To reduce scan time and maintain the accuracy of T1 measurement for cortical bone, we propose a novel T1 measurement approach using three-dimensional ultrashort echo time cones variable flip angle (3D UTE-Cones VFA) with actual flip angle imaging (AFI) technique for the correction of B1 inhomogeneity. The results show the similar bone T1 values were obtained by the proposed fast 3D UTE-Cones AFI-VFA method compared with the previous UTE-Cones AFI and variable TR method. |
| 4974 | Computer 81
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Investigating the T1 of human venous blood at 7T in patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects. |
1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, 2Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, 3Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Korea, Republic of |
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Blood T1 values are important to accurately quantify perfusion with arterial spin labeling and to determine the optimal inversion time for vascular space occupancy and black-blood imaging. In this work, we demonstrate that a post-hoc B1+-corrected MP2RAGE sequence can be used to measure the subject-specific T1 of blood in the superior sagittal sinus at 7T, eliminating the need for additional dedicated measurement. The approach was applied in patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome and healthy controls to examine the influence of these conditions on the respective T1 of blood. The method proposed can be employed at any field strength. |
| 4975 | Computer 82
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The echo time of balanced steady-state free precession readouts modulates the influence of fat on MOLLI T1 measurements |
1Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2Perspectum Diagnostics, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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With the increasing world-wide prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease it is essential to look for non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring methods, like T1 mapping. It has previously been shown that the presence of fat can artificially prolong liver T1 times measured with modified Look-Locker methods. However, this effect depends on the chosen TR and TE of the readout sequence. Since achievable TR and TE differs for scanner vendors and models, it is important to understand the influence of sequence timings on MOLLI T1 measurements in the presence of fat. |
| 4976 | Computer 83
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Silent T1-Mapping at 7T Using the Variable Flip Angle Method |
1Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2General Electric Healthcare, London, United Kingdom, 3ASL West, General Electric Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States, 4Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 5Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 6ASL Europe, General Electric Healthcare, Amersham, United Kingdom, 7ASL Europe, General Electric Healthcare, Munich, Germany |
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In this work we present quantitative T1-maps obtained using the silent, zero echo-time, RUFIS sequence at 7T. Four flip angles (2,4,8,11)° were acquired in 5 minutes. The obtained T1-maps showed strong contrast between white matter (T1=1.6s) and cortical grey matter (T1=2.3s), in agreement with values in the literature. Reduced contrast was observed in deep grey matter structures, attributed to large B1+-errors in the centre of the brain. |
| 4977 | Computer 84
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Inversion-recovery MRI based biphasic analysis of porous media: simulations, phantom experiments and in vivo brain study. |
1Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2Institut of Medical Informatics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 3Department of Radiology, Interdisciplinary Ultrasound Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 4Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 5Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany |
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A novel technique that combines inversion recovery MRI (IR-MRI) and a biphasic porous tissue model is introduced to quantify in every voxel the porosity, defined as the ratio between the volume of the fluid phase and the total volume of both the fluid and the solid matrix. Simulations revealed precise results over a wide range of values. Porosities of tofu phantoms measured by IR-MRI were in good agreement with the values obtained from reference methods, confirming the stability of our technique. The same IR-MRI method was then applied to the brains of healthy volunteers providing quantitative maps of porosity. |
| 4978 | Computer 85
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Oxygen Saturation Dependent Effects on Blood Transverse Relaxation at Low Fields |
1School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 2School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 3Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 4Centre for Translational Physiology, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand, 5Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand, 6Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand, 7Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand |
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The change in T2 due to the oxygen saturation sO2 in blood has been well |
| 4979 | Computer 86
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Blood oxygenation measurements in single vessels: lineshape measurements of the water signal |
1Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 2Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, 3Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany, 4Neuroradiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany |
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In this work, the lineshape around a vessel inside a cubic voxel is analytically analyzed in dependence on the orientation of the voxel according to the external magnetic field. Results are validated with phantom measurements and in vivo measurements, that both agree very well with the developed theory. The analytical model therefore allows a determination of the oxygen extraction fraction from single voxel measurements around macroscopic vessels. |
| 4980 | Computer 87
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Reproducibility of Simultaneous in vivo Blood T1 and T2 Imaging Method |
1Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 2Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 3Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 4Laboratory of Integrative Human Physiology, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 5Neuropsychology Section, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 6Berman Center for Clinical Research Hennepin Health Research Institute, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, United States |
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The longitudinal and transverse relaxation time constants of blood vary across subjects, developmental stages, physiological states or specific diseases. We implemented a fast method for simultaneous in vivo measurements of blood T1 and T2. Although such an approach has been successfully demonstrated, its repeatability or robustness has not been assessed. We performed a two-session study using our fast in vivo blood T1 and T2 imaging method, and the study results are reported in the following. |
| 4981 | Computer 88
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Physiologically Accurate Simulations of Endogenous Susceptibility-Based Contrast in Cancer Reveal the Importance of Intravascular Oxygen Variations on Transverse Relaxation |
1Neuroradiology Department, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany, 2Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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The heterogeneous nature of tumor vasculature and hemodynamics make it challenging to model transverse relaxation in such tissues. Here we imaged the intravascular oxygen saturation in healthy abdominal wall and breast tumor xenografts in mice using intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging, and used these quantitative data in realistic simulations of transverse relaxation. We found that the inclusion of de factooxygen distributions recapitulated the heterogeneity of tumor transverse relaxation rates in contrast to the traditional approach of assuming constant oxygen distribution for the tumor microvascular bed. These findings have important implications for BOLD MRI of tumors. |
| 4982 | Computer 89
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On the influence of two coexisting species of susceptibility-producing structures on the R2’ relaxation rate: the static dephasing regime and diffusion effects |
1Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 2Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany |
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In this work, we examine the effect of two different species of susceptibility producing-structures within one voxel to deduce whether the relaxation rate is proportional to the sum of the absolute product between volume fraction and susceptibility value. Furthermore, the effect of diffusion on the R2’ relaxation rate beyond the static dephasing regime is analyzed. |
| 4983 | Computer 90
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Calculation of molar relaxivity and concentration map of Gd-DTPA map using quantitative parameter map before and after injection for brain metastasis |
1Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan, 2Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, 3Healthcare Business Unit, Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan |
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R1 map and susceptibility maps before and after injection of Gd-DTPA were calculated using quantitative parameter map technique. Then, concentration map (CM) of the Gd-DTPA was calculated using the susceptibility maps. A linear regression between CM and R1post - |
| 4984 | Computer 91
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Kidney stone discrimination using ultrashort TE MRI |
1Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, 2Department of Urology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany |
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Kidney stone disease (urolithiasis) is not only very painful, but can also pose serious health risks, when the fragmentation of infected kidney stones releases bacteria, that may cause post-operative sepsis. In this work we show the ability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to discriminate between common types of kidney stones using relative signal intensity and T2* relaxation times. |
| 4985 | Computer 92
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Insights from the Configuration Model theory accelerate Bloch simulations for dictionary-based T2 mapping |
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, 2Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany |
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Muscle water T2 has been proposed as an imaging biomarker of disease activity in neuromuscular diseases. 2D multi-echo spin-echo sequences have been used for muscle T2 mapping with known limitations including the sensitivity to transmit B1 inhomogeneities. Confounding effects on the T2 quantification can be removed by matching the experimental signal with pre-simulated theoretical signal decay curves obtained by Bloch simulations. However, up to now it is unclear what discretization over the slice profile is sufficient to determine a meaningful dictionary. The purpose of this work was to utilize the configuration model in order to determine a minimal number of z-location necessary for the simulation and applies the technique for T2 mapping of in vivo thigh musculature data. |
| 4986 | Computer 93
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Characterising the temporal evolution of fixation in human post mortem brain via linear relaxometry modelling – a marker of cross-linking? |
1Department of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, 2Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany, 3Department of Legal Medicine, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, 4Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 5Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom |
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MRI-based biophysical models are typically validated by comparison to |
| 4987 | Computer 94
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Manganese-based macrocyclic chelates as a potential novel MRI contrast agent – relaxometry & imaging |
1Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, 2GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Chalfont St Giles, United Kingdom, 3GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States, 4Department of Physics, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway |
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In this study, novel Manganese-based contrast agents (MnCAs) were evaluated by relaxometry techniques (NMR and phantom imaging) and tested in naïve pigs using a contrast-enhanced MRA protocol and compared to the well-established agent GdDOTA. Despite some differences in T1 and T2 relaxation performance, both MnCAs and GdDOTA provided strong vascular T1-enhancement in naïve pig imaging thus providing initial evidence that MnCAs could be utilized for a clinical application. |
| 4988 | Computer 95
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Measuring the Relaxivity of the Superoxide Radical |
1Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 2Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 3Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 4Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 5Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States, 6Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States |
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The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is commonly thought to be a pathogenic factor in a range of neurodegerative diseases, psychological conditions and in the etiology of aging. Traditionally, ROS have been thought undetectable in-vivo, due to their short half-life and low concentrations in living tissue. The paramagnetism of ROS may provide a means of encoding oxidative stress into MRI data. To investigate how different concentrations of ROS contribute to MRI signals, the T1 relaxivity of ROS must be determined. Using a novel method to detect ROS in-vivo, QUEST-MRI, we show that the relaxivity of the superoxide radical is in the range between 0.135-0.509 LmM-1s-1 - similar to nitroxides used as contrast agents to detect ROS in EPR. |
| 4989 | Computer 96
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Analysis of magnetization transfer (MT) influence on quantitative mapping of T2 relaxation time |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel, 3Strauss computational neuroimaging center, Faculty of Life sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 4Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel, 5Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 6Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New-York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States |
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Quantification of T2 values is valuable for a broad range of pathologies, yet, highly challenging due to the contamination of rapid multi-echo spin-echo (MESE) protocols by stimulated and indirect echoes. Bloch-simulations based methods, such as the echo modulation curve (EMC) algorithm, take these signal fluctuations into account and produce accurate, precise, and reproducible T2 values. This work provides detailed analysis of magnetization transfer (MT) effect on MESE signal and on the ensuing T2 values, investigating different protocol settings, and using three models: in vitro urea phantom, ex vivo horse brain and in vivo human brain. |
| 4990 | Computer 97
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Exploring human cortical microstructure using magnetic resonance fingerprinting at 3T |
1Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States, 3Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Human cortical areas are typically differentiated by functions with varying cyto- and myelo- architectures. Since quantitative MR tissue properties, such as T1, T2 and susceptibility, reflect underlying molecular compositions and micro-environment of tissues, multiple quantitative imaging methods have been used to investigate human cortical microstructure at 7T. Here, we used the FSL image analysis tool to process multi-parametric quantitative maps and demonstrated that high resolution multi-parametric maps acquired from a single MR Fingerprinting (MRF) scan at 3T can reveal similar patterns of cyto-architectural information that are typically identified at 7T. |
| 4991 | Computer 98
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Multidimensional T1 Relaxation -T2 Relaxation Correlation Spectroscopic Imaging with a Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Acquisition |
1Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States, 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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T1 Relaxation-T2 Relaxation Correlation Spectroscopic Imaging (RR-CSI) is a novel multidimensional imaging approach that estimates a 2D T1-T2 correlation spectrum at every spatial location, and enables spatial mapping of sub-voxel tissue compartments with very good compartmental resolving capabilities. While RR-CSI was previously demonstrated using data acquired with an inversion recovery multi-echo spin-echo sequence, it can also accommodate data acquired with other encoding schemes. In this work, we investigate an inversion recovery FISP MR fingerprinting acquisition scheme for RR-CSI. Results show, both theoretically and empirically using in vivo human data, that fingerprinting is a viable alternative. |
| 4992 | Computer 99
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High-resolution quantitative maps of magnetisation transfer, R1 and R2* of the cervical spinal cord in clinically feasible acquisition time using vendor-provided sequences |
1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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Here, we present a fast multi-parameter quantitative MRI protocol to estimate R1, R2* and MT saturation in the cervical spinal cord, acquired using only vendor-supplied sequences, in clinically acceptable acquisition times (~11 minutes total). The proposed protocol can be easily adapted to clinical scanners, and requires only stock sequences and freely available post-processing tools, and is faster than a comparable protocol required for PSR mapping in a qMT framework. |
| 4993 | Computer 100
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Simultaneous Concentration Quantification of SPIO and ProHance using bSSFP MR Fingerprinting |
1Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), Halifax, NS, Canada, 2Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada |
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Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) contrast agents are used extensively in molecular imaging studies as a tool to evaluate various cell types. Enabling simultaneous use of multiple contrast agents would greatly improve molecular imaging studies. We utilize a bSSFP MR fingerprinting sequence, combined with an extension of the concentration-dependent linear relationship, to show that concentrations of SPIO and a second contrast agent (ProHance) can be simultaneously quantified. |
| 4994 | Computer 101
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Characterization of brown adipose tissue in PCOS patients by Z-Spectrum Imaging (ZSI) |
1Radiological Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China, 21.Radiology Dept., 2. Bioengineering Dept., College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 3Dept. of Physiology & biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dept. of Physiology & biophysics, Chicago, IL, United States, 4Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States |
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Z-spectrum imaging (ZSI) was used to characterize brown adipose tissue (BAT) features in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients compared to healthy subjects. Fat-water fraction (FWF) was derived from the fitting of the direct saturation of water and fat in ZSI. BAT segmentation allowed the measurement of BAT-specific FWF and area. PCOS group showed increased FWF and reduced BAT area compared to controls, likely due to reduced BAT cells activity and lipid accumulation. ZSI can therefore be used to study BAT characteristics in vivo in metabolic disorders. |
| 4995 | Computer 102
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Can a neural network predict B0 maps from uncorrected CEST-spectra? |
1High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany, 2Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany |
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Analysis of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects suffers from B0 inhomogeneity. Common correction methods involve computationally expensive algorithms or even additional measurements. Here we demonstrate that deep neural networks are able to predict B0 maps from raw Z-spectra by training the networks with measured B0 maps. Moreover, we show that CEST contrast parameters representing amide, amine and NOE resonance peaks can be directly predicted from uncorrected Z-spectra in a fast single step. This provides a shortcut to conventional evaluation procedures and will be useful to guide nonlinear model fitting. |
| 4996 | Computer 103
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Artifacts in dynamic CEST MRI due to motion and field shifts – implications for glucoCEST MRI at 3T |
1High-field magnetic resonance center, Max Planck Institute for biological cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, 2University College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Diagnostic & Interventional Neuroradiology, University Clinic Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany |
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Dynamic glucose enhanced imaging yields expected CEST effects that are rather small in tissue especially at clinical field strengths (<2 %). Small movements during the dynamic CEST measurement together with a subtraction-based evaluation can lead to pseudo CEST effects of the same order of magnitude. We studied these effects by virtual difference images of a basline scan that were altered by the rigid body transformations and B0 shifts. Minor motion (0.6 mm translations) and B0 artifacts (7 Hz shift) can lead to pseudo effects in the order of 1% in dynamic CEST imaging, despite no glucose was injected at all. |
| 4997 | Computer 104
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A new EPI multislice evaluation for APT-CEST |
1Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 2Brain Imaging Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 3University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany |
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To investigate APT-CEST feasibility as pH-sensitive contrast, a multislice CEST EPI sequence was evaluated. The proposed sequence allows continuous saturation during EPI measurement, leaving sufficient time to capture robust CEST data by multiple repetitions. The saturation scheme was optimized in a phantom study and with healthy volunteers. With the availability of 3D CEST data a subsequent registration of APT-CEST contrast images to 31P-MRSI can be achieved for evaluating pH-related changes in APT-CEST contrast. This is demonstrated in a study of a patient with glioblastoma. |
| 4998 | Computer 105
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Characterization of brain metabolites using CEST and machine learning |
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2FM Kirby Research Center, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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In vivo CEST MRI data can include contributions from a vast array of metabolites, mobile proteins and peptides, and immobile macromolecules amongst others. Detecting which components are present in any given dataset is a major challenge. Here, as a first start to address the problem, we have used a machine learning approach to classify a CEST dataset acquired from brain metabolite phantoms. The classifier was successful in all cases and was shown to be robust to a moderate level of noise. The results demonstrate this is a promising technique that could potentially quantify molecular contributions in vivo. |
| 4999 | Computer 106
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Dynamic Glucose Enhanced Imaging at 3T: Effects of Physiological Changes and Motion |
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 4High-field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tubingen, Germany |
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Dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) MRI has shown potential for imaging D-glucose delivery and brain uptake at fields of 7T and higher. Here we evaluate some issues involved with translating DGE MRI to the clinical field strength of 3T. Due to the reduced effect size subject motion becomes more confounding than at 7T, possibly producing artifacts in terms of dynamic signal changes that are beyond the magnitude of the actual effect size. On the other hand, physiological changes such as ventricular swelling and vascular dilatation may appear as motion to the motion correction procedure, possibly leading to unintended overcorrection. |
| 5000 | Computer 107
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Does the MT Effect Bias CEST Effects? Quantifying CEST in the Presence of MT |
1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 3Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States |
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Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an MRI technique sensitive to the presence of low-concentration solute protons exchanging with water. However, magnetization transfer (MT) effects due to large macromolecules also exchange with water, and they can bias potential CEST effects if they are not correctly modelled. This study demonstrates that simultaneously modelling CEST and MT may yield incorrect estimates of CEST effects if an insufficient model is utilised. To prevent this, the MT effect should first be quantified outside the CEST domain and subsequently applied to CEST analyses. |
| 5001 | Computer 108
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Quantification of brain perfusion using dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI |
1Translational Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 2Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg, Germany, 3Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany, 4Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 5Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 6Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 7Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, 8Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany |
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Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI was analyzed to derive quantitative parameters related to tissue perfusion, microvasculature and glucose uptake in the human brain. Adiabatically prepared T1ρ-weighted DGE-MRI was performed on seven healthy volunteers and one glioblastoma patient with a 7T scanner after administration of D-glucose. DGEρ time curves were investigated in different morphological structures of the healthy brain and in tumor tissue by extraction of semi-quantitative parameters and pharmacokinetic modelling using the extended Tofts model. Results show that application of semi-quantitative and pharmacokinetic modeling approaches for quantification of DGE-MRI is feasible in both healthy humans and brain tumor patients. |
| 5002 | Computer 109
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Machine Learning accelerates and stabilizes selective CEST fitting at 3T |
1High-field magnetic resonance center, Max Planck Institute for biological cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, 2Diagnostic & Interventional Neuroradiology, University Clinic Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany |
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Multi-Lorentzian analysis of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) Z-spectra by non-linear least squares (NLLS) fitting is common at ultra-high field strengths but particularly challenging at clinical field strengths due to broad, coalesced peaks and low SNR. Here we demonstrate that a neural network (NN) trained on just 3 slices of a single subject can robustly predict CEST Lorentzian pool parameters in other subjects, in the presence of motion, and in a brain tumor patient, with a 95 % reduction in computing time, allowing for quick estimation of NLLS initial conditions or initial online reconstruction of spectrally selective CEST contrasts. |
| 5003 | Computer 110
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Model-free generation of CEST contrast using principal components of Z-spectra at 3 T |
1High-field magnetic resonance center, Max Planck Institute for biological cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany |
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Fitting of spectrally selective CEST contrasts requires models with limiting assumptions. Snapshot CEST allows us to densely sample the Z-spectrum with rapid volumetric imaging within a clinically feasible scan time. With over 60k spectra available per subject, statistically-driven analysis methods are now possible. Here we demonstrate that principle component analysis can be used for model-free analysis of spectral features. Projection of Z-spectra onto principle components from a group of healthy subjects provides several relevant contrasts which reveal anatomical detail and correlate with Gadolinium uptake signatures in a brain tumor patient. |
| 5004 | Computer 111
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Fast 3D Whole-Brain Steady-State CEST at 3T Using MR Multitasking |
1Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
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We propose a fast 3D whole-brain steady-state chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) method using MR Multitasking. Exploiting the correlation between images throughout the space, time and frequency dimensions, the low-rank tensor framework shows possibility for further acceleration of steady-state CEST, so that a whole-brain Z-spectrum acquisition can be done within 5 min. |
| 5005 | Computer 112
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Low Rank Compressed Sensing Accelerated CEST Imaging |
1Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, 3Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States |
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A method to accelerate chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is presented by reconstructing highly undersampled z-spectral image series using low rank compressed sensing. Results show x10 acceleration with an eight channel receiver with human brain imaging at 7T. |
| 5006 | Computer 113
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The 7T z-spectrum from the human liver in-vivo: observing the effects of a meal |
1University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 2University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands |
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In this work we acquired the first z-spectrum from the human liver in vivo at 7T. Glycogen and NOE peaks were observed, and their evolution over time was monitored after fasting and after a meal. Both the glycogen peak and the NOE peak at -1.7ppm were observed to increase 2-4 hours after a high carbohydrate meal. |
| 5007 | Computer 114
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A comparison of dynamic and static B0 mapping approaches for correction of CEST MRI at 7T |
1High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 2Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Siemens Healthineers, Sydney, Australia, 4Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 5Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria |
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In contrast to established static B0 correction approaches which assume an invariant static field during a CEST MRI acquisition, we propose three methods which can track and compensate temporal B0 fluctuations by shifting each Z-spectral point separately before MTRasym analysis. We show the benefit of the proposed dynamic methods in comparison to three established static approaches by assessing their performance in the absence/presence of an induced frequency drift. In addition, we investigate the reliability and reproducibility of CEST MRI at ultra-high field (7T) by evaluating the drift’s impact on the B0-corrected MTRasym maps in the brains of five healthy volunteers. |
| 5008 | Computer 115
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Axillary Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI Contrast is Consistent with Secondary Breast Cancer Treatment-Related Lymphedema |
1Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States, 2Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States |
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Breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic condition with 30% two-year incidence in cancer survivors treated with lymph node dissection. Changes in the tissue microenvironment indicate edema rich in macromolecular proteins. We hypothesize that chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, after accounting for transmit field (B1) heterogeneity and longitudinal (T1) relaxation time variation, will be sensitive to affected tissues in patients with BCRL. We report that after performing appropriate correction procedures in the upper extremities, it is possible to detect disease-specific CEST contrast in the affected and contralateral arms of BCRL patients. |
| 5009 | Computer 116
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Acquisition protocol for glucoCESL MRI in the human brain at 7T with reduced motion-induced artifacts |
1Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 2High‐field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, Tübingen, Germany, 3Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany |
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In this study, an acquisition protocol for glucoCESL MRI examinations in the human brain is presented, that was optimized for suppression of motion-induced artifacts. This was achieved by using a combination of (i) a 3D imaging readout, which enabled co-registration of the acquired images over the course of time, and (ii) a ΔR1ρ contrast based on quantitative R1ρ maps instead of R1ρ-weighted images. The presented acquisition protocol improves the applicability of glucose-weighted MRI for examinations in humans where motion is present. Feasibility was verified by examination in a first patient with glioblastoma. |
| 5010 | Computer 117
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Investigating Gadolinium Depositions in Glycosaminoglycans using CEST MRI - Why T1 Corrections are Important |
1Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany, 2Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany |
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In this study, we investigated the CEST effect of model solutions composed of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GdCA), heparin as model substance for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and ZnCl2 with the aim to provide direct evidence of Gd3+-GAG complex formations. We performed time resolved CEST and T1 relaxation time measurements and quantified the CEST effects using different CEST metrics, including MTRasym and AREX. Our results demonstrate the necessity of T1 correction in CEST MRI in such a case where T1 conditions are affected, too. |
| 5011 | Computer 118
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Accelerating CEST MRI by Exploiting Sparsity in the Z-Spectrum Domain |
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland |
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Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) is an emerging modality offering an enhanced sensitivity for the detection of dilute metabolites with exchangeable protons. To provide quantitative analysis, an acquisition of multiple images per Z-spectrum is required, leading to long acquisition times in practice. In this report we present a novel approach for rapid acquisition of CEST MRI that exploits sparsity in the Z-spectrum domain. Based on ex-vivo and in-vivo data, an acceleration factor of up to R=5 is shown, without significant loss in data accuracy. |
| 5012 | Computer 119
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Phosphocreatine CEST (PCrCEST) Detects Phosphocreatine and pH Changes in the Muscle at 15.2T |
1Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea, Republic of, 2Samsung Advanced Insitute for Health Sciences and Technology, SKKU, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 4Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, Republic of, 5Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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Phosphocreatine plays a major role in the metabolic upkeep of tissues such as the muscles and the heart. Chemical Exchange-sensitive MRI has been shown to have sensitivity to phosphocreatine. We examine the sensitivity of Phosphocreatine CEST (PCrCEST) to changes in phosphocreatine levels and pH via PCrCEST imaging in the mouse hindlimb while inducing euthanasia and present high resolution PCrCEST maps in the ante- and post-mortem. |
| 5013 | Computer 120
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Improved tumor characterization with direct saturation corrected (DISC) amide proton transfer (APT) MRI in glioma patients |
1Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 3Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 4Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 5Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States |
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Recently, a direct saturation correction (DISC) method has proved to improve APT quantification in pulsed-RF CEST imaging. In this study, performance of tumor characterization was compared among routine asymmetry analysis (MTRasym), three-point offset (APT3pts) and the DISC methods in glioma patients at 3T. Although all methods revealed significant APT elevation in tumor region compared to that in the contralateral normal appearing white matter, the DISC method exhibited substantially higher contrast-to-noise ratio (2.16±0.90) between the two regions than that of MTRasym (1.78±1.08) and APT3pts (0.87±0.57), demonstrating its superiority in improved sensitivity for tumor characterization. |
| 5014 | Computer 121
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Quantifying the Effects of Pulsed Saturation Transfer at 1.5T and 3T |
1Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 4Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 5Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University, Lublin, Poland |
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The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of CEST imaging at 1.5T and to compare the results to 3T experiments. CEST and MT parameters were quantified in phantoms and in the healthy brain at both fields. A pulsed saturation scheme was used to overcome the single RF amplifier duty cycle limitations of the 1.5T clinical scanner. Parameters were estimated using a Bloch-McConnell two-pool simulation that incorporated the extended phase graph formalism. The new methods demonstrated promise for enabling broader application of CEST MRI for field strengths below 3T. |
| 5015 | Computer 122
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Inaccuracy in Estimated CEST Contrast After Extrapolation from Two-Pool Quantitative MT Fitting |
1Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland |
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A recently introduced technique has been used to remove the semisolid macromolecular magnetization transfer (MT) contribution from Z-spectra in order to isolate the contrast from chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and the relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE). This is usually performed by first fitting Z-spectra acquired with high amplitude RF saturation with a two-pool quantitative MT model and then extrapolating an MT-only Z-spectrum to a lower saturation B1 and subtracting from Z-spectra acquired with the same B1. We aim to show that this two-step pipeline introduces inaccuracies into the extrapolation and describe them. |
| 5016 | Computer 123
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Comparison between glucoCEST at 3T and Blood Glucose Sampling in Humans |
1Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2Centre for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden, 3Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 4F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States, 5College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 6Siemens Healthcare AB, Malmö, Sweden, 7Institution of Clinical Sciences/Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 8Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden |
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Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI uses chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) to retrieve information about microcirculation using D-glucose as a contrast agent.We performed glucoCEST imaging in four healthy volunteers at 3T and compared arterial input functions (AIFs) and DGE signal in white matter to measured venous blood glucose levels after glucose infusion. An increase in DGE signal following the glucose infusion was observed in cerebral arteries, but not in white matter. We observed a similarity in shape of the AIF and the blood glucose curve, and that a higher blood glucose level corresponds to a higher DGE signal. |
| 5017 | Computer 124
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Fully Steady-State Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) imaging for Amide Proton Transfer (APT) at 3T MRI |
1Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of |
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A steady-state chemical exchange saturation transfer (SS-CEST) MRI, which is based on the standard macromolecule transfer (MT) imaging method, has been developed for fast scanning 1,2. In this study, we proposed a SS-CEST imaging combined with steady-state free precession (SSFP) which is so-called fully SS-CEST imaging. The fully SS-CEST method was compared with |
| 5018 | Computer 125
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Isotropic Whole-brain CEST Imaging with Fast SPACE Readout |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 2Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China |
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For Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) imaging to be adopted as a routine clinical sequence, its spatial coverage and acquisition speed need ideally to be comparable to the current anatomical MRI sequences. To the best of our knowledge, whole-brain CEST imaging has only been demonstrated with 3D EPI readout, which, however, is vulnerable to susceptibility artifacts. Here, we propose a novel whole-brain isotropic-resolution CEST sequence utilizing the fast SPACE readout. The SPACE CEST sequence enables whole-brain 2.79mm isotropic CEST imaging in 5min without susceptibility artifacts, and should facilitate the translation of CEST MRI as a clinical routine sequence. |
| 5019 | Computer 126
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Time-resolved super-selective Arterial Spin Labeling using a ternary matrix based labeling approach |
1Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 2Tomographic Imaging Department, Philips Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany |
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This study presents a novel approach to simultaneously acquire vessel-selective and time-resolved perfusion images combining a ternary encoding matrix approach with self-controlled super-selective Arterial Spin Labeling. |
| 5020 | Computer 127
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Investigating Variability Sources in Kidney Perfusion Measurements with Pulsed ASL: A Phantom and In Vivo Pilot Study |
1Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany |
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In this work, the variations of a 3D GRASE sequence with a fast pulsed ASL protocol at 3T were tested in isolation using a phantom and in vivo measurements. In vivo, 25 single scans in breath hold with a single volunteer were obtained in one session, thus reducing breathing motion and registration uncertainties as well as shimming, inter-volunteer and hydration stage variabilities. In phantom, we found a perfusion of 94.5 ± 5.4 ml/min/100g and in vivo, we found perfusion values in the expected physiological range with high standard deviation inter-scans but high correlation between kidneys. This suggests physiological instead of signal-to-noise related variations which would yield random inter-kidney variations. |
| 5021 | Computer 128
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A Split-Label Design for Simultaneous Measurements of Perfusion in Distant Slices by Pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling |
1C.J. Gorter Center for high field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands |
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Most Arterial-Spin-Labeling (ASL-)MRI in exercised muscle employ single-slice acquisitions. However, fiber-type and oxidative capacity vary along the length of healthy muscles. Therefore, multi-slice acquisitions are desirable. Multi-slice pulsed ASL coverage is limited because the label is created proximally from the stack of slices. In muscle, this implies long transit times to the most distal slice due to slow flow. We propose a split-label design adaptation of FAIR that allows for sufficient labeling for distant slices. We validated our approach in the brain to take advantage of the high resting-state perfusion, and applied it in the lower leg muscle after exercise. |
| 5022 | Computer 129
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A Pipeline for ASL Quantification and Analysis using Inter-regional Differences and Machine Learning: Application to Young Onset Alzheimer’s Disease |
1Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 3Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 4Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 5Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) is an MRI method to measure cerebral blood flow with potential to assist early dementia diagnosis. Here, ASL data acquired from patients with young onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was analysed, using both a novel region based statistical approach and voxel based machine learning. This is the first study to analyse ASL data from patients with Posterior Cortical Atrophy using machine learning. Both approaches are shown to identify regions known to be affected by AD. Inter-region analysis suggests the parietal lobe is the most useful benchmark region, to separate region specific hypoperfusion from global perfusion changes. |
| 5023 | Computer 130
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Quantifying Blood Flow of Rat Spinal Cord Injury Using in vivo Flow-sensitive Alternating Inversion Recovery (FAIR) |
1Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 3Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 4Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States |
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Perfusion weighted MRI has been widely used as a non-invasive MR biomarker in brain imaging but its application to spinal cord imaging has been limited due to the inherent difficulties. In this study, we evaluated flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery to quantify spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) in rat spinal cord with varying severities of contusion injury. A trend of decreasing SCBF was observed with greater injury severity, suggesting that arterial spin labeling may be useful as a reliable non-invasive indicator of spinal cord traumatic injury. Furthermore, T1 values demonstrated greater sensitivity to injury severity and functional outcomes. |
| 5024 | Computer 131
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Quantification of Multiple Boli Arterial Spin Labelling in Mice and Rats |
1Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France, 3University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom |
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A need for high SNR quantitative ASL has driven the quantification of mbASL, a high SNR ASL sequence that uses adiabatic pulses to label multiple boli of arterial water. The sequence has a hybrid PASL & CASL nature with a modified Buxton kinetic model used to describe this hybrid-like nature. We have shown that experimental results mirror theoretical predictions with signal distribution changing with labelling slice thickness. High SNR mbASL images in mice and rats with significantly higher signal than the standard FAIR sequence have been produced and CBF images and values acquired that agree with the literature. |
| 5025 | Computer 132
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Imaging Blood Brain Barrier Permeability in a Human African Trypanosomiasis Mouse Model using Diffusion Weighted Multiple Boli Arterial Spin Labelling |
1Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 3University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom |
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Human African Trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease that causes progressive blood brain barrier breakdown. We have developed a non-invasive high SNR ASL technique (mbASL) combined with bipolar diffusion gradients to determine the ratio of intravascular to extravascular signal from the brain. The ratio of this signal will change in a mouse brain infected with HAT due to the barrier breakdown. We have imaged this changing brain along with producing CBF maps, thus using a novel method in imaging a HAT infected mouse. |
| 5026 | Computer 133
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Optimizing MRF-ASL Scan Design towards Precise Quantification of Hemodynamic Properties in Cerebrovascular Disorders |
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States |
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We investigate an optimization method to make fast, precise quantification of hemodynamic and tissue properties from an MRF ASL scan more robust to their respective feasible ranges, particularly when conditions pertaining to cerebrovascular disorders are included in consideration. We further validate our methods on synthetic and healthy human subject data. |
| 5027 | Computer 134
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Effect of Caffeine on Blood-Brain Barrier Water Permeability Measured with Intrinsic Diffusivity Encoding of Arterial Labeled Spins (IDEALS) |
1Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States, 2Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States |
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Caffeine is a commonly used neurostimulator that also produces cerebral vasoconstriction by antagonizing adenosine receptors. Previous studies demonstrate that acute caffeine intake leads to significant cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction but have not investigated the effect on blood-brain barrier (BBB) water permeability. Here we provide an initial investigation into the effect of caffeine on BBB water permeability parameters, water extraction fraction (Ew) and permeability surface area product (PSw), using the recently developed Intrinsic Diffusivity Encoding of Arterial Labeled Spins (IDEALS). Significant reductions in CBF, Ew, and PSw were observed after administration of 200 mg caffeine. |
| 5028 | Computer 135
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In vivo quantification of arterial blood longitudinal relaxation time during graded hyperoxia at 3T using an intermittent cuff occlusion paradigm |
1Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States |
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Breathing hyperoxic gas results in dissolved oxygen in blood plasma, shortening T1 of arterial blood (T1a). Quantification of T1a is difficult due to blood flow between the inversion and acquisition. Here, this problem is overcome using an intermittent cuff occlusion protocol to suspend flow in the femoral artery and vein. An inversion recovery-prepared bSSFP sequence was used to measure T1a during normoxia (FiO2=21% O2) and graded hyperoxia (FiO2~33%, 48%, 55%, 100% O2) in ten healthy subjects at 3T. During normoxia, T1a was 1819±142ms, which was shortened to 1522±100ms during maximal hyperoxia, and the relationship between T1a and PETO2 was linear. |
| 5029 | Computer 136
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Reproducibility of Selective Localised T2-Relaxation-Under-Spin-Tagging (SL-TRUST) for Regional Cerebral Oxygen Extraction Fraction |
1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
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In this study, we offer preliminary results of a reproducibility study on a novel sequence: Selective Localised TRUST (SL-TRUST). SL-TRUST is an MR acquisition method for acquiring spatially specific cerebral tissue oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) values through measurements of venous blood T2 in the superior sagittal sinus. Three subjects underwent four scan sessions over a seven day period and the inter/intra session variability of SL-TRUST was evaluated. The resulting venous blood T2 and tissue OEF values from spatially specific regions (a single hemisphere, and a 70x80x80mm tissue region) are compared to whole brain measures obtained using TRUST. |
| 5030 | Computer 137
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The spiral trajectory correction effect on arterial spin labeling acquired with high-slew-rate gradient on a compact 3T scanner |
1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States |
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Proper design of the arterial spin-labeled (ASL) readout trajectory can minimize signal loss, reduce artifacts, and consequently improve the quality of ASL-derived perfusion maps. High performance gradients can improve MR image quality in spiral acquisition to reduce susceptibility and off-resonance effect. However, the eddy current and the system delay can degrade image quality by causing image rotation and blurring effects. In this work, the image artifact was corrected with a truer trajectory measured by a dynamic field camera. The effects of the trajectory correction on ASL images are investigated on a low-cryogen, compact 3T MRI system. |
| 5031 | Computer 138
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An Algorithm for the Automated Quality Assessment and Perfusion Biomarker Determination of Multicentre Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC-) MRI |
1Physical Sciences for Health CDT, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 3Department of Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 4RRPPS, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 5School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, 6Radiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 7Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 8Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Li, United Kingdom, 9The Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 10Sir James Spence Institute of Child Health, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 11Neuroradiology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 12Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 13Institute of Digital Healthcare, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom |
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Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC-) MRI estimates biomarkers, such as cerebral blood volume (CBV). However, data quality varies between centres and quality control (QC) is carried out by qualitative review, which is time-consuming and subjective. An automated QC pipeline was developed and tested on 34 patient data sets. The pipeline analysed four slices from each patient, producing SNR, RMSE, relative CBV (rCBV), and quality maps for each slice, which were used to quantify QC. Average values for each parameter were produced for each centre, protocol and field strength, showing variability in data quality and providing a basis for multi-centre protocol optimisation. |
| 5032 | Computer 139
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Dynamic Perfusion Tensor Imaging |
1Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing, China, 2MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China |
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DCE-MRIprovides a method to continuously measure the spatial and temporal characteristics of local tissue perfusion. This study points out an interesting feature of DCE-MRI: the voxel wised correlation can be encoded in 26 directions, allowing for the measurement of perfusion tensor. We demonstrate this new method, dynamic perfusion tensor imaging (dPTI), facilitates the reconstruction of the local perfusion field, characterized by a perfusion tensor, from which can be derived quantities related to the structure of the local perfusion field, such as the mean perfusion and perfusion anisotropy. |
| 5033 | Computer 140
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The Effect of the Injection Dose, Rate and Concentration on Carotid Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI: a Simulation Study |
1Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China, 3School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom |
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Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) is an effective tool to quantify inflammation in carotid atherosclerotic plaque, while little is known on the effect of the injection protocol on carotid DCE-MRI. In this study, the effect of the contrast injection protocol, including injection dose and effective injection rate (decided by the injection rate and concentration) on the pharmacokinetic parameters estimation in carotid DCE-MRI were investigated. The results indicated that high injection dose (~0.1mmol/kg) with relative low effective injection rate (~0.5 mmol/s, effective injection rate = rate (ml/s) × concentration (mol/L)) was recommended for the simulated bright-blood DCE protocol. |
| 5034 | Computer 141
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Repeatability of hepatocellular uptake and efflux in the rat liver: A comparison of Gadoxetate DCE-MRI models |
1Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, 2MR & CT Contrast Media Research, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany, 3R&D TIM Bioimaging Germany, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany, 4Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany, 5Bioxydyn Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom, 6Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 7Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden, 8Chalmers University of Technology, MedTech West, Gothenburg, Sweden, 9Merck & Co., West Point, PA, United States |
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A variety of Gadoxetate DCE-MRI models have been proposed to derive hepatocyte uptake and efflux rates in the rat, but it is unclear which provides most reliable measurements. Here, we compare four models in terms of their test-retest repeatability on 9 rats measured in 3 sites. Results indicate that a two-compartment high-flow model, assuming negligible sinusoidal backflux and a fixed population-based extracellular volume fraction, provides most repeatable measures of hepatocellular function in the healthy rat. |
| 5035 | Computer 142
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Pharmacokinetic Parameter Accuracy Correlates with Image Quality Metrics in Flexible Temporal Resolution DCE-MRI Simulations |
1Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, 2Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada, 3Physics, Carelton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 4Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada |
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The choice of imaging parameters in dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI, such as temporal resolution, can affect the recovered parameter when using quantitative pharmacokinetic (PK) models, such as Ktrans in the Tofts model. We propose objective image quality metrics (IQMs) as a tool to guide this choice to maximize PK parameter accuracy. DCE MRI simulations were performed on a numerical phantom with user defined PK parameters. IQMs were calculated using the numerical phantom as a reference and references generated from the simulated data. In both cases, a strong correlation between the PK parameter error and IQM score is found. |
| 5036 | Computer 143
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The role of perivascular spaces in white matter dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI |
1UBC MRI Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 3Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 4Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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Using vascular parameters obtained from dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI, the gradient echo (GRE) and spin echo (SE) dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) induced changes in $$$\Delta{R_2^{(*)}}$$$ were simulated at 3T in order to investigate the effects of tissue orientation and perivascular spaces (PVS). We found that the orientation dependence of both $$$\Delta{R_2}$$$ and $$$\Delta{R_2^*}$$$ are amplified by PVS, though $$$\Delta{R_2}$$$ is far more sensitive to PVS. |
| 5037 | Computer 144
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A 3D-Printed Physiologically-Faithful Perfusion Phantom that Recapitulates Microvasculature Structure for Quantitative Experimental Validation of Fluid Transport |
1Cornell University, Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States, 2Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States, 3Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY, United States, 4Cornell University, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY, United States |
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Recapitulation of microvascular structure, function and perfusion in vitro can enable studies of vascular biology, provide a model for diseases such as ischemic stroke or tumor angiogenesis and enable quantitative evaluation of physiologic blood or lymph perfusion. Here we describe the initial design and deployment of a first-generation, self-contained 3D-printed, physiologically-faithful, microfluidic perfusion phantom to form explicit, hierarchically-branching, microvascular structure encapsulated in a type I collagen matrix in vitro, with pump-driven perfusion easily visible via phase-contrast MRI (Fig. 1). The phantom flexibly supports creation of user-defined vessel network geometries with human vascular cells and allows experimental validation of blood flow, i.e., via constitutive equations for convective and diffusive transport that quantitatively relate the flux of tracers from time-resolved images to transport field quantities. Thus, the largely qualitative and unmeasurable global arterial input assumption in the traditional Kety’s method can be replaced with measurable and reproducible MRI experimental data, formulated as quantitative transport mapping (QTM). Preliminary data demonstrate that the QTM phantom is promising for characterizing actual blood transport in vitro in healthy and pathological contexts. |
| 5038 | Computer 145
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A novel trimodality vascular contrast agent for “image-based systems biology” applications |
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States |
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Preclinical vascular imaging has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the role of blood vessels in health and disease. However, |
| 5039 | Computer 146
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Using D2O As a Diffusible Tracer in Characterizing Tumor Properties on Mice |
1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 2Division of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan |
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As a diffusible tracer, D2O was employed as a negative contrast agent in investigating tumor perfusion in this study. Results show that the transfer constant derived from D2O perfusion is able to characterize tumor flow properties. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that the initial area under curve of D2O perfusion has potential in detecting the flow difference between tumor and normal tissue, suggesting the feasibility of semi-quantitative indices for D2O perfusion. |
| 5040 | Computer 147
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Predicting the rate of stroke evolution in canines using MR-derived time-to-peak perfusion maps |
1Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States, 2University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States, 3Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States |
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Mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of ischemic stroke shows high rates of recanalization; however, some patients still have poor clinical outcome. The canine large vessel occlusion model has been developed to better understand new treatments. This model has a drawback of inconsistent rates of stroke growth. Here, MRI perfusion based time-to-peak maps were used to predict the rate of infarct growth as validated by ADC-derived maps. Classification of canines into either fast or slow evolvers was reliably shown with this method of analysis, allowing for a better understanding of new therapeutics and potentially for better patient selection for thrombectomy. |
| 5041 | Computer 148
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Using multi-bolus injection protocol to improve the robustness of DCE-MRI: application in rabbit liver |
1Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France, 2Paris Descartes University, Paris, France, 3Plateforme d'Imagerie du Vivant de Paris Descartes, Paris, France, 4Hospital Europeen G.Pompidou (HEGP)-APHP, Paris, France |
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Quantitative DCE-MRI suffers from limitations in the liver due to its dual input (hepatic artery, portal vein). Single- and multi-bolus (four) injection protocols were performed in rabbits on a 4.7T small-animal MRI. The Hepatic Perfusion Index (HPI), total hepatic blood flow (F), and distribution volume (Vd) were studied using a computer simulation and evaluated by the Coefficient of Variation (CV) and the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) factors. Statistical tests were performed for 1000 iterations with Mann-Whitney test and p<0.002 statistically significant. Multi-bolus injection protocol strongly |
| 5042 | Computer 149
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Measuring Regional Gas Transport in Injured Rabbit Lungs Using Hyperpolarized Xenon |
1Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States |
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Hyperpolarized 129-Xenon MRI measures the regional content of tracer gas in the lungs; it can also differentiate between Xenon contained in the gas phase (GP) and in the dissolved phase (DP), allowing us to characterize regional gas diffusivity and uptake in the pulmonary capillary blood in addition to capturing parameters of alveolar aeration. By measuring absorbed Xenon signal in the left heart and aorta shortly after inhalation, it is theoretically possible to study the next step of gas transfer by measuring the gas that reaches the arterial blood. In this study, we explore the regional gas transport of injured rabbit lungs in two different states of recruitment. |
| 5043 | Computer 150
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Transient respiratory motion artifacts in multiple arterial phases of contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging of the abdomen: a comparison using gadoxetate disodium and gadobutrol. |
1Radiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan |
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This study compared the occurrence of transient respiratory motion artifacts (TRMA) in multiple arterial phases of contrast-enhanced MR imaging using a rapid acquisition technique with high temporal and spatial resolution between gadoxetate disodium and gadobutrol. This study showed that the frequency of TRMA after third arterial phase was significantly higher in patients using gadoxetate disodium than in patients using gadobutrol. In multiple arterial phase dynamic MR imaging, the frequency of TRMA in gadoxetate disodium increased, compared with gadobutrol, caused by the intolerable respiratory suspension after third arterial phase, possibly due to contrast agent-related effect. |
| 5044 | Computer 151
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Multiple TR Approach for Direct Detection of Fast Oscillating Magnetic Fields |
1Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of |
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Due to weak amplitude and fast oscillation, it is still controversial whether neuronal activities can be directly detected through MR imaging. In this study, we propose a novel method, multiple‑TR approach, which utilized 1) multi-phase acquisition and 2) frequency spectrum multiplication for detecting weak and fast oscillating magnetic fields. We demonstrated with phantom experiments that SNR at the stimulation frequency on the spectrum was remarkably enhanced with the higher number of TRs under almost the same scan time, amplifying oscillation frequency component while suppressing systematic noises. This proposed approach will increase possibility of directly detecting neural oscillations in vivo. |
| 5045 | Computer 152
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Deep learning brain conductivity mapping using a patch-based 3D U-net |
1Philips Research Laboratories, Hamburg, Germany, 2University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany, 3University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 4Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, 5Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
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Conventional Electrical Properties Tomography (EPT) suffers from reconstruction artifacts related to assumptions necessary for solving the equations analytically. To circumvent the necessity for these assumptions, in this study a deep learning approach is utilized to approximate the analytically unsolvable equations. For this purpose, a 3D convolutional neural network was trained on simulations and in-vivo data from healthy volunteers and cancer patients. Results demonstrate the potential of this method, as noise-free conductivity maps were obtained without anatomic apriori information in less than 1:30 min per reconstruction. |
| 5046 | Computer 153
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Fast MREIT acquisition using Multi-Band and SENSE Techniques |
1School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States |
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Recent studies demonstrated the first current density and conductivity tensor images of human heads during transcranial electrical stimulation ( |
| 5047 | Computer 154
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Discrete Laplacian Estimation Using Projection onto ROtating Median Sets (PROMS) for MR Electrical Property Tomography |
1Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Korea Artificial Organ Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 3ICT Convergence Technology for Health and Safety, Korea University, Sejong, Korea, Republic of, 4Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea, Republic of, 5Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea, Republic of, 6Corresponding author, ohch@korea.ac.kr, Korea, Republic of |
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The novel contrast mechanism, |
| 5048 | Computer 155
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Does RF spoiling enhance human in-vivo brain MR Current Density Imaging (MRCDI)? |
1Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, 2Center for Magnetic Resonance, DTU Elektro, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, 3Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark, 4High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, 5German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany, 6Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany |
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MRCDI is an emerging modality for non-invasive measurement of weak currents in the human brain, which is important in several neuroscientific applications. It is based on current-induced field measurements and requires high sensitivity to the extrinsic field changes. Measurement sensitivity can be compromised by irrelevant field changes caused by physiological variation. Here, we compare the performance of the so far most sensitive MRCDI method based on steady-state free precession free induction decay (SSFP-FID) with its RF-spoiled counterpart fast low angle shot (FLASH). No significant sensitivity differences were observed in slices covering the upper part of the brain, but SSFP-FID had ~20% lower noise floors in lower slices. For the relevant acquisition parameters, FLASH exhibits no remarkable image quality enhancements in 2D. |
| 5049 | Computer 156
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Compensation of lead-wire magnetic field contributions in MREIT experiment using image segmentation: a phantom study |
1School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States, 2Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, 3Philips Research, Huston, TX, United States, 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States |
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For the measurement of current-induced phase using MRI, the effect of stray magnetic fields caused by the current carrying wire on images must be minimized prior to reconstruction of the current density. In this study, we report a method which can effectively remove the effect of lead wire magnetic fields interference during MREIT measurements. Results from phantom experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate the feasibility of the method, which can be used to correct for lead effects when measuring current density in human transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) measurements using magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT). |
| 5050 | Computer 157
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Improving Tissue Electrical Properties Reconstructions by Exploiting the Benefits of Combining Deep Learning-EPT and 3D Contrast Source Inversion-EPT |
1Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 2University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, 4Circuits and Systems Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands |
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We propose a two-step approach to EPT reconstruction where we use the results from a deep-learning approach as the initial estimate for a 3D contrast-source inversion algorithm. The combination of these two methods builds upon the strengths of each. Results using an anatomically accurate head model with and without an artificially inserted tumour show that CSI-EPT improves DL-EPT reconstructions in structures that are not present in the training set, while DL-EPT used as an initial guess for CSI-EPT leads to improved accuracy and convergence. |
| 5051 | Computer 158
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A dual constraints-based approach to electrical conductivity imaging using MR phase |
1University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, 2Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 3Philips Healthcare, Guangzhou, China |
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Electrical conductivity imaging of tissue can potentially provide electrical property information of tissues. Here, we proposed |
| 5052 | Computer 159
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Inverse problem approach to cr-MREPT |
1Dept of EEE, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey |
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The convection-reaction partial differential equation (PDE) based algorithm for Magnetic Resonance Electrical Properties Tomograpy, cr-MREPT, does not suffer from internal boundary artifacts but has the Low Convective Field (LCF) artifact. The cr-MREPT PDE is rearranged such that H1+ is the unknown variable and the coefficients depend on the EPs. The EPs are iteratively adjusted to minimize the difference between calculated and measured H1+. The method can be applied to a Region-of-Interest without considering the whole object. Conductivity reconstructions for simulation objects and also for an agar phantom demonstrate that the proposed method does not suffer from boundary and LCF artifacts. |
| 5053 | Computer 160
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Estimation of transceive phase via LORE-GN algorithm and its use in MREPT |
1Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey |
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Balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) is a widely used MR sequence since it has high speed, high SNR, motion insensitivity and automatic eddy current compensation. Besides all these advantages, bSSFP sequence is susceptible B0 inhomogeneity and banding artifact occurs in certain off-frequency regions. In this paper, one of the correction methods, LORE-GN, is utilized to obtain transceive phase free from the distortions originating from B0 inhomogeneity. As an application, acquired transceive phase maps are used to obtain conductivity maps. |
| 5054 | Computer 161
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Limitations of 2-D Field Structure Assumptions in Electrical Properties Tomography and its 3-D CSI-EPT Solution |
1Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands, 2Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands |
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CSI-EPT was originally implemented in a two-dimensional formulation and has since been extended to 3-D to allow for volumetric reconstructions without any assumptions on the field structures. Since the 3-D method is computationally much more complex than its 2-D counterpart, here we investigate the 2-D assumption and its requirements. Unfortunately the 2-D assumption breaks down when the object in consideration is not sufficiently longitudinally invariant, even if the fields can still be considered E-polarised. Therefore, to achieve accurate and robust reconstructions of EPs in a practical or clinical setting the 3-D CSI-EPT method is a recommended starting point. |
| 5055 | Computer 162
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An Explicit EPT Reconstruction Method Based on the Dbar Equation Incorporating Longitudinal Magnetic Field Variations |
1The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan |
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This paper presents a novel explicit reconstruction method for magnetic resonance-based electrical properties tomography (EPT). We derive the |
| 5056 | Computer 163
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Validation of magnetic susceptibility source separation: Monte Carlo simulation and phantom experiment |
1Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2AIRS medical, Seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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In this study, the recently proposed magnetic susceptibility source separation method, which separates the paramagnetic susceptibility source from the diamagnetic susceptibility source, was validated using Monte-Carlo simulation and phantom experiment. The results demonstrate that the method successfully separates the paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility sources in both simulation and experiment. |
| 5057 | Computer 164
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Investigating the Relationship Between Conductivity and Bound Sodium Fractions at 21.1 T |
1Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States, 2National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States |
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This study investigates the relation between electrical conductivity evaluated using MR Electrical Properties Tomography (EPT), sodium concentrations and their mobility. In particular, the project seeks to determine if conductivity values calculated from EPT differentiate between bound and free sodium measured by triple quantum (TQ) coherence selection. TQ and EPT acquisitions were evaluated over a range of sodium concentration and with different binding conditions to provide insight into the sources of tissue conductivity changes. The correlation between electrical conductivity and ionic content can provide more in depth understanding of how sodium ions are changing in pathological conditions. |
| 5058 | Computer 165
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Filter design for Breast Conductivity imaging Using phase-based gradient EPT (gEPT) |
1electrical electronic engineering, yonsei University, seoul, Korea, Republic of, 2Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, seoul, Korea, Republic of |
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EPT has a potential for immediate clinical use since it does not require additional hardware. However, there are various problems when applying |
| 5059 | Computer 166
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Optimal temporal resolution for accurate AIF measurement and error-constrained pharmacokinetic modelling of DCE data |
1National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St James Hospital / School of Medicine, Trinity College University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland, 2Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, Rochester, MN, United States |
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A highly-controlled and validated phantom-based method was used to investigate the effects of acquisition temporal resolution (Tres) on the arterial input function (AIF) measurement accuracy and precision for DCE-MRI. The propagation of these AIF measurement errors into errors in pharmacokinetic modelling parameter values could thus also be investigated. Guideline Tres values which can be used to constrain errors in Ktrans, |
| 5060 | Computer 167
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Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI phantom for validation of clinical perfusion imaging |
11. National institute for standards and technology, Boulder, CO, United States, 2 National institute for standards and technology, Boulder, CO, United States, 3National institute for standards and technology, Boulder, CO, United States, 4Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Charlestown, MD, United States, 5Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, MD, United States, 6Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, 7Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, 8Barrows Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States, 9Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States, 10Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, WI, United States, 11Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MD, United States, 12CEO at Verellium, Inc, Boulder, CO, United States, 13Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States |
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Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging (DSC MRI) is a very promising quantitative imaging technique used increasingly as both a diagnostic and research tool. This technique quantifies susceptibility-induced (R2*) signal loss to assess tissue perfusion (blood supply) and viability. Development of reference phantoms is crucial to determine the in vitro accuracy, test‐retest repeatability, and inter-platform reproducibility of ∆R2* quantification protocols. Hence, we developed a static DSC phantom suitable for simple and reliable evaluation of acquisition methods to assess susceptibility changes across multiple scanners and time. We also finalized acquisition protocols and developed software to analyze the DSC phantom data. |
| 5061 | Computer 168
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To evaluate the effect of different initial guess selection approaches on quantitative analysis of DCE-MRI data of brain tumor patients |
1Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India, 2KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 3University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 4Fortis memorial research institute, Gurugram, India, 5AIIMS, New Delhi, India |
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Quantitative analysis of dynamic-contrast-enhanced(DCE)-MRI data using various tracer kinetic models is widely used in cancer diagnosis and follow-up. In general, voxelwise model fitting using nonlinear-least-square method requires a long processing time depending upon image-resolution, data noise, choice of initial guess, model type and computer-platform. In this study, we proposed a tissue specific initial guess selection approach, for the voxel wise fitting using nonlinear–least-square method, which substantially reduced computation-time without compromising accuracy of parameters compared to regular global initial guess approach. It also performed better than recently proposed Image-Downsampling-Expedited-Adaptive-Least-squares fitting approach. Parallel-processing was also implemented to further reduce the time |
| 5062 | Computer 169
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Susceptibility Contrast at Ultra-low Magnetic field with Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles |
1Institute of Medical Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 3ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 4Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States |
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MRI scanners operating at ultra-low fields (ULF) promise to reduce the cost and expand the clinical accessibility of MRI. Here, we use an ULF (6.5 mT) MRI scanner and an efficient balanced steady-state free precession MRI protocol to image superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS) in solution. We observe strong susceptibility effects due to the highly-magnetized state of SPIONs even at ULF. These susceptibility effects enable the most sensitive imaging of a contrast agent at ULF that we are aware of. These results will broaden the clinical applications of ULF MRI, and have implications for drug tracking and delivery in nanotheranostics. |
| 5063 | Computer 170
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Inversion Recovery Susceptibility Weighted Imaging with Enhanced T2 Weighting (IR-SWIET): Application to Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Lesions |
1Radiology & Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States, 2TNS/NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States |
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Susceptibility weighted imaging provides important information regarding iron deposition and lesions in multiple sclerosis. However, CSF appears hyperintense on SWI images and can interfere with cortical lesion detection. Cortical lesions are associated with disability and disability progression in MS patients. Here a new 3D sequence (IR-SWIET), which suppresses CSF while maintaining T2 and T2* contrast of SWI is designed and evaluated. IR-SWIET was compared with four other commonly used sequences. CNR analysis in 30 lesions from MS patients showed that the sequence provided superior lesion depiction compared with SWI and compared well with 3D-DIR, MP2RAGE, and FLAIR. |
| 5064 | Computer 171
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Identification of mutation-dependent heterogeneity in murine models of cerebral small vessel disease using susceptibility weighted imaging at 14.1 Tesla |
1Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 3Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 4Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 5Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States |
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Cerebral small vessel diseases ( |
| 5065 | Computer 172
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3D-Printed whole-brain holder for multiple orientation magnetic susceptibility measurements and precise dissection |
1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 3Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 4Faculty of Social Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands |
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In this study, we present a whole-brain holder for ex vivo experiments which allows rotating the sample inside a conventional head coil (while ensuring no deformation occurs) and provides guidance for precise correspondence between the MR data and excised tissue. We demonstrate some of these features with two experiments aimed at validating magnetic susceptibility measurements using MRI, where small 5mm cube samples located in different slices through the whole brain can be excised with great precision. |
| 5066 | Computer 173
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MRI Susceptibility Mapping Suggests Elevated Brain Iron in Sickle Cell Anaemia |
1Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom |
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Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is a genetic condition characterized by haemolytic anaemia, cerebral vasculopathy and cognitive impairment. The effect of SCA on brain iron concentrations has not been extensively studied. Brain iron is important in cognitive function and iron overload may accelerate neurodegeneration. Here, susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to compare brain tissue susceptibility values in 86 SCA patients and 25 healthy controls. Elevated susceptibility was found in the red nucleus of the SCA group versus controls, suggesting increased iron accumulation. In SCA subjects there was no significant effect of silent cerebral infarcts or anaemia severity on brain susceptibility values. |
| 5067 | Computer 174
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B0 Field Map estimation with View Line sequence |
1Electrical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan |
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In order to visualize the concentration and distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in pre-clinical research of magnetic nanoparticles-based sentinel lymph node biopsy, Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping(QSM) is a promising quantification tool in MRI. However, the strong magnetic field generated by high concentrations of magnetic particles causes the failure of conventional B0 map used in QSM. A novel spin echo-based View Line sequence with radius basic function interpolation-based reconstruction method has been proposed to obtain the B0 map for high concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles. This method has been verified by MRI data and simulation data for a range of iron in Resovist from 41 ug to 654 ug. Comparison of the reconstructed field map and theoretical field map provides normalized root mean square of $$$0.085\pm 0.054$$$ for the line field map, and $$$0.065 \pm 0.024$$$ for the interpolated field map. |
| 5068 | Computer 175
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Effect of Intense Utilization of Gradients in Magnetic Resonance Current Density Imaging and its Removal |
1Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., METU, Ankara, Turkey, 2Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey |
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Intense utilization of gradients causes spatial and temporal variations of the main magnetic field which are consistent with resistive heating of the magnet structures. Since MR phase measurements are sensitive to the errors related to the $$$B_0$$$ inhomogeneities correction strategies are required. Here, it is shown that field variations due to the temperature change of MR equipment in Magnetic Resonance Current Density Imaging (MRCDI) using Induced Current Nonlinear Encoding-Spoiled Multi Gradient Echo (ICNE- |