Synopsis

Keywords: Cardiovascular: Cardiac

Cardiac MRI (CMR) is the gold standard cardiac imaging in various types of adult congenital heart disease. Due to its operator-independent, radiation-free, 3D-acquisition feature, it is the imaging of choice for ACHD patients who require regular imaging follow-up during their lifetime. Recent European and the American guidelines have included CMR as the class I indication in many ACHD, especially repaired Tetralogy of Fallot and complex congenital heart. However, there are also limitations and technical consideration such as limited temporospatial resolution, long scanning time and cardiac device artifacts. 4D-imaging acquisition including 4D-flow is a promising sequence to help reducing scan time.