Synopsis

Widely used fMRI relies on hemodynamic responses evoked by neural activity. To interpret fMRI as neural activity, it is critical to correlate fMRI and neural activity. Especially, for dynamically changing fMRI response such as resting-state fMRI, electrophysiology should be simultaneously recorded to correlate with fMRI. Conventional electrophysiology measures local field potentials and spiking activity, while calcium-sensitive fiber photometry or optical imaging can measure cell-type-specific neural responses. Implementation of both approaches within the MR environment will be reviewed, and pros and cons of each method will be discussed. Example applications of simultaneous measurements will be shown.