The first step of understanding the neuroimaging of autonomic function is to focus on normal subjects with normal brains, and then investigate the structural and functional correlates of the autonomic system. The next step is to investigate diseases affecting the autonomic system, namely those causing dysautonomia. This step may be even more revealing than normal subjects, since often the understanding of disease helps to better define normal function. This presentation will provide multiple examples of diseases associate with either primary or secondary dysautonomia. Examples include multiple systems atrophy (MSA), multiple sclerosis, tumors, stroke, and epilepsy.