Leo Cheng1
1Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, United States
Synopsis
NMR theory forms the base of MRI that are widely used in various fields with
particular interests in medical clinics. While MRI observes only water molecules,
NMR, or MRS, can measure vast amounts of molecules other than water. This
lecture will walk the audience from the concept of magnetic moment through various
aspects of NMR/MRS physics principles and practices to in vitro, ex vivo, and
in situ NMR. Recognizing the under-used capability of MRS and with the
opportunity to incorporate them into clinical MRI, MRS can contribute imaging
by combining molecular evaluations and high resolution anatomic imaging through
metabolomics imaging.
Without prior knowledge, but are curious
about NMR/MRS;
With NMR/MRS experience, but uncertain
about its physical concepts; and
NMR/MRS practitioners, but unsure about
how to present if in an elevator pitch
Background & Objectives
As an offspring of NMR, the vast
utilities, and clinical necessities, of MR imaging, or MRI, are now self-evident,
considering the percentage of hospitals that have MRI presences around the
world, and the research and clinical fields represented by the participants of
this annual meeting.
However, in general, current MRI measures
only the NMR property of water compounds (~80% of our body weight), but there
are countless other chemical and biological compounds that are in much less abundances
than water but can also be visualized by NMR, and having potential visibilities
with in vivo MR through innovations and technical improvements of MR scanners. Measurements
of compounds other than water fall into the domain of NMR, also known as MRS
when considering as clinical in vivo tests. Further developments of MRS into
clinical protocols rely on comprehensive understanding of NMR, its concepts,
principles, utilities, and limitations.
This lecture intends to introduce NMR
through the lens of MRI, discuss the general concepts of pulse NMR, present its
applications in in vitro, in situ, and ex vivo NMR measurements in high magnetic
field instruments as upper limits of in vivo achievable observations, and
illustrate the feedback approaches to guide in vivo MRS imaging, or metabolomics
imaging, with ex vivo results.
Covered Topics
Magnetic moments outside and inside of
magnetic fields.
Imaging of water vs. spectroscopy of compounds,
and distribution.
Fourier transform, signal average, and pulse
NMR.
Aqueous solutions vs. biological
specimens, and water suppression.
Magic angle spinning (MAS) and high
resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS)
HRMAS and metabolomics imaging
Learning Outcomes
Enhanced capabilities to understand the
rest lectures in the session, to interpret current in vitro, ex vivo, and in
situ, NMR results from its fundamental physical principles; to evaluate
advantages and limitations of using each approach for a specific medical
science quest; and to consider further fusions of MRS imaging applications into
clinical MRI.Acknowledgements
The speaker is supported by NIH NIA AG070257, NCI
CA243255References
No reference found.