The development of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has fundamentally changed our ability to study human brain function – it has become by far the dominant tool used by cognitive and translational neuroscientists to link brain activity with human behavior. This talk will present some of the key antecedent concepts that underlay the development of modern fMRI methodology, and build a narrative of discoveries and insights that led to the emergence of this remarkable tool in the early 1990’s.