In the 1980’s, serious mental illness became more widely recognized as representing brain disorders. CT studies were a crucial foundation for the transition from psychological to neurobiological models of psychiatric illness. CT was rapidly replaced by MRI as the imaging method of choice in this field in the 1990's. MR studies have documented alterations particularly in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, but also in mood disorders, drug abuse, autism and most other more serious psychiatric conditions. As group-level alterations become more widely replicated, and with their increasing robustness following technical advances in image acquisition and analysis, psychiatric imaging research has begun moving to determine whether there is clinical relevance of these findings for diagnosing and treating individual patients. This represents the bridge from pure psychiatric research to the clinical application of these findings for individual patients that is the aim of the emerging field of psychoradiology. A review of past progress and pathways forward in this next step for psychiatric imaging research will be the focus of this presentation.

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