Synopsis

This lecture will describe in depth the most recent developments of ASL labeling techniques. PCASL has been further optimized to minimize sensitivity to off-resonance and pulsatile velocity at the labeling plane. Multi-delay PCASL aims to reduce the effect of prolonged transit time. In addition to the improvements of spatially selective ASL, advanced velocity-selective pulse trains have been proposed, for more robustness to eddy current effects, or higher perfusion signal with Fourier transform based velocity selective inversion. Acceleration-selective ASL has also been demonstrated. The pros and cons of each labeling method will be compared.