Multinuclear Spectroscopy & Imaging of 31P & 13C
Chris Boesch1
1University Bern, Switzerland
Synopsis
Early in history of MR, the enormous added value of multinuclear MRI/MRS has been recognized; however, the technical challenges (low sensitivity, difficult volume selection, need for extra hardware, no generally available internal concentration standards, etc.) limited the applications considerably. In particular 13C and 31P can serve as reporters in many metabolic pathways and increased membrane turnover in tumor biology. Ultrahigh field strengths and hyperpolarized 13C substances overcome now many of the obstacles and foster new applications. The lecture shall emphasize the added value, summarize the methodological limitations, and list some representative applications of 13C- and 31P-MRI/MRS.
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