Motion Sensitization: PC to Spin Labeling

Motion sensitization can be applied in various applications, such as flow imaging, black blood imaging, bright blood imaging, etc. Various techniques of motion/flow sensitization are reported, such as phase contrast (PC) [1] using velocity encoding, magnetization preparation module like motion-sensitized magnetization preparation (MSMP) [2,3] and flow sensitive dephasing (FSD) [4], and flow sensitizing dephasing/rephrasing gradients in the read-out (RO) direction in half-Fourier FSE [5]. PC MR angiography utilizes flow-encoding bipolar gradients to generate quantitative flow-sensitive phase images. The MSMP or FSD scheme consists of a 90o(x)-180o(y) -90o(-x) spin-echo interspersed with optional flow-encoding bipolar gradients. Unlike the preparation module, the RO flow sensitive gradients are incorporated within the acquisition sequence. Basic theories of each technique and its applications are discussed in this presentation such as 4D flow imaging [6], black blood imaging using MSMP and FSD with variable refocusing flip angle (VFA) [7], and bright blood imaging application using FSD with bSSFP and flow sensitizing RO gradients in half-Fourier FSE [4,5]. In this presentation, technical differences are emphasized in depicting blood vessel applications and other fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pancreatic fluid. Particularly, understanding the pros and cons of each technique applied on different purposes is extremely essential in daily clinical examinations and future new applications.

Acknowledgements

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