An overview of the challenges associated with development of higher field human MRI magnets is presented.
Today’s ultra-high field human MRI magnets are not uniquely large, high-field magnets. Larger, higher-field magnets are built for condensed-matter physics and magnetically-confined fusion.
The magnetic field available for human MRI is not presently limited by magnet technology, but by regulatory and financial constraints. Put differently, if you can get permission to put a person inside it, and can afford to pay for it, then the magnet can probably be built. (There might be limitations on gradient coils or rf coils, but not the dc magnet.)
Almost all human MRI magnets employ NbTi as the superconducting material. This material stops superconducting at ~12 T. High-field NMR magnets reach as much as 23.5 T with ppb uniformity over a few centimeters by using Nb3Sn superconductor. Both NbTi and Nb3Sn are Low-Temperature Superconductors (LTS).
In 1986 the first High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) were discovered. Some of the HTS materials will superconduct at > 100 T and might be employed in future UHF MRI.