Synopsis
Besides
particular cardiac disease like congenital heart disease, ischemic heart
disease or myocarditis the heart can be involved in numerous systemic disease
entities. These include endstage kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, metabolic
syndrome, amyloidosis, autoimmune disorders, hereditary metabolic defects and
malignant disease.
Cardiac
involvement can include coronary artery disease, valvular disease, endocardial,
myocardial or pericardial disorders. Detailed knowledge of the potential
cardiac alterations in systemic disease is key in their accurate diagnosis and
treatment. Target audience
This
presentation focuses on clinicians doing cardiac imaging but also body imaging and
who are involved in the evaluation and staging of systemic disease.
Purpose
The
purpose of this talk is to indicate that certain primary single-organ diseases in
their course can result in systemic disease, which potentially can involve the
heart in different ways, e.g. functional impairment, inflammation or valvular
disorders.
Background and Significance
Besides
particular cardiac disease like congenital heart disease, ischemic heart
disease or myocarditis the heart can be involved in numerous systemic disease
entities. These include endstage kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, metabolic
syndrome, amyloidosis, autoimmune disorders, hereditary metabolic defects and
malignant disease. In addition to that, the heart can be affected by different
treatment options of the afore mentioned diseases like chemotherapy or
radiation therapy. Cardiac involvement can include coronary artery disease,
valvular disease, endocardial, myocardial or pericardial disorders. Detailed
knowledge of the potential cardiac alterations in systemic disease is key in
their accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Abstract
Cardiac
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable to visualize myocardial and
valvular function with cine and phase contrast imaging and thus circumscribed
dys-, hypo- or akenesia, general dys- or hypokenesia as well as valvular
stenosis or insufficiency can easily be assessed. Perfusion imaging can be done at rest or
under pharmaceutically induced stress to detect perfusion defects. Ischemic, inflammatory
and fibrotic changes in in the endo-, myo- and pericardium can be visualized by
delayed enhancement imaging. Hence, cardiac MRI is the ideal tool to visualize
cardiac involvement in systemic disease. In addition to that the great arterial
and venous thoracic vessels can be visualized in one comprehensive exam. MRI protocols need to be tailored with regard
to disease entity and individual aspects of the patient such as renal function,
arrhythmia and dyspnea. To account for the latter the toolbox for cardiac imaging
includes breath-hold high-resolution single slice cine imaging, cardiac and respiratory
gated phase contrast flow measurements and high resolution breath-hold Magnetic
Resonance Angiography for patients in a relatively good condition or free-breathing
real-time cine imaging, breath-hold phase contrast flow measurements and
dynamic Magnetic Resonance Angiography for patients in an impaired general
condition with the need for fast imaging. While most cardiac changes in
systemic disease can be detected by standard sequences including cine imaging,
late enhancement, T2 weighted sequences as well as phase-contrast imaging, new
imaging techniques including T1- and T2-mapping hold promise to render new
insights and to detect early disease stages.
Conclusion and learning objectives
The
aim of this talk is to give an overview on the most important systemic disease
entities, typical patterns of cardiac involvement and findings on cardiac MRI.
At
the end of talk the audience should be able
1.
To name important systemic disease entities with potential cardiac involvement
2.
To determine adequate cardiac MRI protocols
3.
To describe typical findings in cardiac MRI associated with systemic disease
Acknowledgements
No acknowledgement found.References
No reference found.