Radiation and radionuclides are present naturally. Their use in medicine for imaging and therapy will pose a radiation burden to both the patients and hospital staff. Knowing how to protect oneself from radiation is an important aspect in the hospital environment. Besides self-protection, knowledge about radiation can also aid healthcare professionals safeguard the health of their patients from excessive radiation. This talk serves to provide participants a basic understanding of ionizing radiation, X-rays and radiobiology, as well as unravel the mystery of minimizing radiation doses in a hospital setting for the protection of staff and patients. With the knowledge obtained from this talk, you will have better awareness towards radiation safety in the workplace and how to minimize your radiation exposure. Nuclear Medicine radionuclide therapy is rapidly developing as an additional treatment modality in oncology. Its unique characteristics are the systemic, yet selective delivery of radiation doses in target tissues, its non-invasiveness, the relative lack of immediate and late side effects, and the advantage that uptake and retention in the tumor can be pre-assessed by tracer studies. cist naturally. They are used sKnowing how to protect oneself from radiation is an important aspect in the Urology workplace. Besides self-protection, knowledge about radiation can also aid healthcare professionals safeguard the health of their patients from excessive radiation. This talk serves to provide participants a basic understanding of ionizing radiation, X-rays and radiobiology, as well as unravel the mystery of minimizing radiation doses in a medical imaging setting for the protection of staff and patients. With the knowledge obtained from this talk, you will have better awareness towards radiation safety in the workplace and how to minimize radiation exposure to both your patients and staff. This talk shall also focus on Nuclear Medicine radionuclide therapy which is rapidly developing as an additional treatment modality in oncology. Its unique characteristics are the systemic, yet selective delivery of radiation doses in target tissues, its non-invasiveness, the relative lack of immediate and late side effects, and the advantage that uptake and retention in the tumor can be pre-assessed by tracer studies. Radiation safety in radionuclide therapy is more significant and