Diffusion Imaging: From the Oops to the Aha
Alexander Leemans1

1Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Synopsis

"We have acquired diffusion MRI data and now want analyze them... Help!"

Such a cry for help is often the result of bumping into unexpected complications at the early stage of analysis when trying to make sense of diffusion MRI data. In this talk, I will walk you through the most common "Oops" feelings that the novice may encounter and guide you towards the "Aha" victory moments where these issues get resolved.

For the starting researcher, diffusion can cause a lot of confusion. For instance, the signal magnitude in the images is inversely related to the amount of diffusion, that is, lower signal intensities reflect higher diffusion rates. Another example is the existence of multiple coordinate systems: the spatial location and the “eigen” diffusion system, which – if they are not aligned properly – could result in exotic color-encoding schemes and/or unexpected fiber tractography results (see Figure). In this presentation, I will show several of such examples where things went wrong, the “Oops” moments. By providing the necessary background information to explain these issues, I hope the “Aha” moments will follow afterwards.

Acknowledgements

The research of A.L. is supported by VIDI Grant 639.072.411 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).

References

Relevant background information:

* Jones DK, Leemans A. Diffusion tensor imaging. Methods Mol Biol. 2011;711:127-44.

* Tournier JD, Mori S, Leemans A. Diffusion tensor imaging and beyond. Magn Reson Med. 2011;65(6):1532-56.

* Jones DK, Knösche TR, Turner R. White matter integrity, fiber count, and other fallacies: the do's and don'ts of diffusion MRI. Neuroimage. 2013;73:239-54.

* Leemans A, Jones DK. The B-matrix must be rotated when correcting for subject motion in DTI data. Magn Reson Med. 2009;61(6):1336-49.

Figures

A few "Oops" examples. On the left, the direction color-encoded fractional anisotropy map shows "odd" directions/colors (blue and green are accidentally interchanged). On the right, the "whole-brain" tractography result is quite unusual: are there really no cingulum bundles for this subject (the direction of the front-back axis was flipped)?!




Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 24 (2016)