Yang Chen1, Jianghua Feng1, Naishun Liao2, Ying Su3, Changyan Zou3, and Zhong Chen1
1Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, People's Republic of, 2The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, MengChao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China, People's Republic of, 3Laboratory of Radiobiology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou, China, People's Republic of
Synopsis
To explore metabolic characteristics of hepatocarcinoma cell lines
associated with different metastasis potentials, 1H NMR-based
metabolomics conjugated with multivariate statistical analysis were performed
to determine the molecular mechanisms of metastasis. Characteristic metabolites
from both cell extracts and cultured medium were identified. Our results
provide evidences that cells with different metastasis potentials exhibit
different levels of glucose consumption, as well as the products of some
intermediates of glycolysis.Background
Hepatic carcinoma causes death mainly by disseminated metastasis progression from the organ being confined.
1 Prognostic diagnosis of different metastasis stages which are closely related to cellular metabolism is a major challenge.
2,3 Metabolomics analysis based on
1H NMR spectroscopy could provide ability to quantify specific alterations related to metastasis potentials of different cell lines.
4-6Purpose
We explored metabolic characteristics of normal hepatocyte and hepatocarcinoma cell lines related to different metastasis potentials with ultimate goal of determining the molecular mechanisms of metastasis.
Methods
We have performed NMR-based metabolic analysis of normal hepatocyte LO2
and cell lines from hepatocarcinoma including lowly metastatic HepG2 and highly
metastatic MHCC97L and MHCC97H. Combining with methods of principal component analysis
and orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis,
cells with different metastasis potentials can be separated according to their
metabolic profiles.
Results
We
determined the characteristic metabolites with
statistically significance level of
P<0.05
or
P<0.01 between normal and
cancer cell lines (Fig. 1). There were several common characteristic
metabolites between normal and lowly and between normal and highly metastatic cell lines, including valine, lactate, acetate,
proline, phosphocholine, and glucose, but no characteristic metabolite was
identified for highly metastatic cell lines (Fig. 2&3). The results showed
that there was a significant difference in the glucose consumption of different
metastatic cells. Higher metastatic cells tended to cause higher level of
glycolysis as well as relative products of intermediates. Meanwhile, the
cultured medium was also analyzed and the characteristic metabolites obtained
from cultured medium were further confirmed by excluding the discriminary
metabolites associated with pure medium. Four classifiers based on the
medium-derived characteristic metabolites were established by support vector
machines to identify normal and cancer cell lines and achieved great diagnostic
sensitivities and specificities of >93% (Fig. 4). Specifically, to identify
normal and highly metastatic cell lines, both of the obtained sensitivities and
specificities reached 100%. Such results provided evidence that metabolic
analysis of cultured medium could be a valid method to understand metabolic
alterations associated with different metastatic cells.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that
1H NMR spectroscopy has potential use in metastasis progression of hepatic carcinoma and will be helpful for the determination of metabolic markers for hepatic carcinoma identification. We also notice the extension scope of the proposed characteristic metabolites between different tumors. Future work should be placed on this subject including the spread of proposed characteristic metabolites between different tumors in the potential clinical study.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (81272581), Science Research Foundation of Ministry of
Health & United Fujian Provincial Health and Education Project for Tackling
the Key Research (WKJ-FJ-05), and the Fundamental Research Funds for Xiamen
University (201412G012).References
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