Dennis WJ Klomp1, Joost Löring1, Joep WM van Oorschot1, Peter R Luijten1, and Wybe JM van der Kemp1
1Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Synopsis
We have integrated a body RF coil tuned at the 31P frequency in a 7T MR system that includes pick-up probes for fast and reliable power calibration. With this setup, full body and broadband 31P MRSI can be obtained in single breath-holds. When averaged over less than 5 minutes, excellent 31P spectra can be shown from liver and heart as demonstrated in healthy volunteers.Introduction
Widespread use of ultra-high field
31P MRSI in clinical studies is
hindered by limited field of view and non-uniform RF field obtained from mostly
surface transceivers. The non-uniform RF field necessitates the use of high SAR
demanding adiabatic RF pulses, limiting SNR per unit of time. Here
we demonstrate the feasibility of using a body size volume RF coil at 7T, which
enables uniform excitation and ultra-fast power calibration by pick-up (PU) probes. Performance
of the body coil is examined by benchmark tests, and phantom and
in vivo measurements. Accuracy of power
calibration with PU Probes is analyzed at a clinical 3T MR system with a close
to identical (
1H) body coil integrated at the MR system. Finally, we
demonstrate full 3D
31P MRSI that can be obtained in single breath holds of the
human body at 7T or averaged over 5 minutes of acquisition resulting in
excellent spectra that includes sub-second RF power calibration.
Methods
A birdcage coil
1 was constructed with 52 cm inner
diameter (121 MHz), sharing the RF shield of the integrated patient tube of a 7T
MR system (Philips). Performance was analyzed by transmission (S21) measurements with and
without presence of 8
1H RF elements on 5 volunteers at
different loading positions. Accuracy of RF-power calibration by PU probes is
compared to the automatic RF-power adjustment (PO) of a 3T MR system (Philips) with
the integrated
1H body coil (128 MHz) on 5 volunteers including B
1+
maps obtained from heart and liver. At 7T, PU probes were calibrated using B
1+
maps in phantoms and validated with multi flip-angle CSI in a volunteer. A 3D
CSI (block) pulse-acquire sequence was acquired at 7T with T
R = 0.5 s, with a
total acquisition time of 4:16 min (FOV=32x32x32 cm
3, 8x8x8 acquired
resolution, zero-filled to 16x16x8). The sequence was accelerated using EPSI,
to facilitate 3D acquisition within a single breath-hold.
Results
RF coupling to
1H elements is low (average 0.3 dB). STD in S21 is 0.6 dB in both bladder and heart loading position (Fig. 1). Difference in PU vs. PO is 0.65 dB (bladder) and 0.17 dB (heart) (Fig. 1). Calibrating PU at 7T (Fig. 2, left) gave a B
1+ of 15 µT in the phantom and 10 µT in the body (Fig. 2, middle) when driven with 3700 W. RF-power adjustments based on pick-up probes took less than 1s. Using Ernst-angle excitation of 30 degrees, full bandwidth
31P MRSI at 7T could be obtained with the limited RF power of 4 kW. Apart from a subtle N/2 spectral ghost, even full bandwidth (30 ppm ) EPSI could be obtained enabling whole body MRSI within a single breath-hold (Fig. 2, right). Fig. 3 shows MRSI data with characteristic
31P spectra of the liver and heart including all phosphorus metabolites. In the liver, all the ATP peaks are present but there is no PCr while the PDEs and PMEs are present. In the (zoomed in) voxel of the heart (yellow), the energy metabolism
31P metabolites PCr, γ-ATP, α-ATP are all visible and PCr/ATP-ratio is ~2. The spectrum of the heart contains DPG, which results from signal from blood. Notice the homogeneity in SNR along ATP peaks in the voxels of the liver which is weighted by both transmission (B
1+) as well as receive (B
1-) homogeneity of the body coil due to (block) pulse-acquire acquisition. Moreover their relatively high signal intensities versus PME and PDE is caused by substantial T
1 weighting, demonstrating the high flip angle during the scan.
Discussion and Conclusion
We showed the performance of a RF body coil for
31P
MRSI at 7T. The
in vivo MRSI data represent
the homogeneity and efficiency of the RF field for multiple voxels of the heart
and liver. In contrast to SAR demanding adiabatic RF pulses with limited
bandwidth, we could use simple RF pulses at Ernst angle that not only maximizes
SNR per unit of time at low SAR, but also facilitates full bandwidth excitation
for
31P MRSI at 7T. The required power optimization can be obtained within
0.6 dB of accuracy in less than 1 s. Though SNR is expected to increase even
further with local receiver coils and optimized sequences, we have demonstrated
that an integrated
31P body coil can facilitate body MRSI at
acceptable scan times and fast power optimization.
Acknowledgements
No acknowledgement found.References
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Schenck JF, Mueller OM, Eash M. An efficient, highly homogeneous radiofrequency
coil for whole-body NMR imaging at 1.5 T. J. Magn. Reson. 1985; 63: 622–628.