Ruxi Wang1, Juan Sabate1, Eladio Delgado1, Xiaohu Liu1, and Fengfeng Tao1
1GE global research center, Niskayuna, NY, United States
Synopsis
Gradient Amplifier is one of the key components
in a MRI system to supply the gradient coil with large current (>1000A) and
high voltage (>2000V) to achieve strong gradient field and fast slew rate.
In this paper,
a high efficiency two H-bridge in cascaded gradient
driver design with 1700V SiC MOSFET is designed and fabricated. The power
module switching frequency is 31.25 kHz and amplifier total output ripple
frequency is 125 kHz. The amplifier loss and efficiency (around 99.5%) is verified
in experimental results.Introduction
Gradient Amplifier is one of the key components in a MRI
system to supply the gradient coil with large current (>1000A) and high
voltage (>2000V) to achieve strong gradient field and fast slew rate. In
addition, extremely high fidelity for reproducing the current command from the
central system is very critical for imaging quality. Therefore, high power and
high band width gradient amplifier is desired for high performance MRI system
[1-4]. This paper presented a high performance modular solution gradient
amplifier system with advanced wide-band gap (Silicon Carbide) devices.
Power Stage
Evolution and Challenges
Fig.1 (a) shows the existing gradient amplifier
topology with silicon devices in a stacked structure. In order to meet high
power and high bandwidth capability, two middle bridges powered with lower
voltage are connected in parallel with phase shift to output higher ripple
frequency. As indicated in Fig.2, the
new wideband gap devices made of materials such as SiC provide a much higher
bandgap, breakdown field, thermal conductivity which offer them the potential
capability to overcome the frequency, temperature and power management
limitations of traditional silicon devices. Fig.1 (b) shows the improved two
stages structure with high voltage (1700V) GE SiC MOSFETs. The modular structure
brings the benefit of higher components volume, simpler implementation and
lower lost.
Silicon
Carbide (SiC) Gradient Driver
The two bridges SiC based gradient amplifier as
shown in Fig.1 (b) is fabricated and tested. Each bridge is powered with isolated 1050V.
The load is typical MRI gradient coil. Fig.3 shows the power loss test
schematic. The power stage loss is measured through the liquid coolant
temperature change with the assumption that most of the loss is dissipated
through the liquid cooled cold plate. The coolant pipe is connected in series
and four Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) are embedded inside the
coolant to measure the inlet and outlet temperature for cold plate 1 and cold
plate 4. Then, the temperature data is documented as shown in Fig.4 through
data acquisition. The total calculated loss is around 1846.15W at the tested
operating point which is almost 4~5 times lower compared with baseline
structure using silicon IGBT module as shown in Fig.1 (a).
Conclusion
In this paper, the gradient amplifier power stage
topologies evolution and challenges are discussed. Modular cascaded structure
with SiC devices enables simple architecture with lower engineer and
implementation cost without sacrificing the high bandwidth and high power
capability. A high efficiency two H-bridge in cascaded gradient driver with GE 1700V
SiC MOSFET is designed and fabricated. The amplifier power stage loss is around
1846W which is verified in experimental results. The SiC gradient amplifier
power loss is 4~5 times lower compared with silicon version.
Acknowledgements
No acknowledgement found.References
[1] R.
Wang, et al., Pittsburg, ECCE, 2014. [4] J. Sabate, et al., Proc. ISMRM. 2007.
[3] R. Wang, et al., Pittsburg, ECCE, 2015. [4] R. Wang, et al., Pittsburg,
EPE, 2015.