Using super-resolution track-density imaging (1) derived from isotropic high-resolution (1.4 mm) 7T diffusion data to analyze the connectome architecture through-out the whole human brain in vivo, ranging from large- to small-scale brain anatomic structures including midbrain and cerebellum.Data were measured on a research 7 Tesla whole-body MR scanner (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Germany), equipped with a 70 mT/m gradient coil (slew rate of 200 T/m/s). A 32-channel phased-array head coil (Nova Medical, USA) was used for head imaging. The protocol consisted of a high-resolution anatomic scan (MPRAGE, 0.8 mm isotropic resolution, covering the whole head including the cerebellum), diffusion-weighted MR images (dMRI) using a prototype single-shot-EPI sequence employing a modified Stejskal Tanner diffusion encoding gradient scheme (3,4). Additionally, a Gradient Echo sequence was acquired serving for B0 field mapping (5). Wwe optimized the diffusion gradients by employing a web application for multiple-shell protocol design provided by Caruyer (http://www.emmanuelcaruyer.com/q-space-sampling.php), consisting of 128 diffusion gradients per shell and different gradients in each shell. The dMRI protocol compromised 137 volumes with 1.4 mm isotropic resolution. We acquired 128 diffusion-weighted data sets (b=3000 s/mm2) with different combinations of gradient directions (6), and nine non-diffusion-weighted data sets (b=0 s/mm2, b0 images) interspersed with every 17th diffusion-weighted data set. EPI acquisition was accelerated using GRAPPA factor 3, 36 reference lines, 6/8 partial Fourier mode . Other imaging parameters were;bandwidth 1526 Hz/Pixel, echo spacing of 0.76 ms, TE = 73 ms, base resolution 156*156, 98 slices, field of view 220 mm), dMRI measurements coverd the whole brain including the cerebellum. Duration of the measurement was 50 minutes.Track-density images were generated according to MRTrix 3.0 (www.mrtrix.org). The TD image was calculated from 10, 25 and 50 million tracts whole brain fibertracking and 1mm, 0.25mm and 0.15mm resolution.The results showed that due to the increased signal-to-noise ratio at 7T the quality of the high-resolved diffusion data was sufficient to acquire diffusion data without averaging (i.e. in one single acquisition). The high diffusion-weighting of b=3000 s/mm2 enabled a good delineation of crossing and bending fibers. The visual inspection and comparison of TDI data with different resolutions led to the conclusion that 10 million fibers, which is equivalent to a super-resolution of 0.2 mm, gave the best results. The fine anatomic details can be seen on exemplary slices (fig. 1, fig. 2; see figure captions for details). Most interestingly, the trigeminus nerve which is the largest brain nerve with a diameter of about 2.6 mm is clearly seen. The potential of 7T diffusion imaging to depict even small brain structures and details of the brain stem is also demonstrated by recent publications (6). The combination of ultra-high-field dMRI with super-resolution techniques is reported in (7,8,9). However, when planning to apply this technique in clinical diagnosis or even pre-surgical planning (e.h. for deep brain stimulation) a compromise has to be found between resolution and time for data acquisition. For whole-brain data we found that the resolution of 1.4 mm isotropic was the optimum (when applying high diffusion-weighting of b=3000 s/mm2) as data could be acquired in a single measurement without averaging. If very small structures such as thalamic nuclei have to be analyzed diffusion imaging techniques using restricted field-of-views (10,11) or techniques such as ZOOPPA (12) may allow increasing the resolution to sub-mm while acquisition time may still remain acceptable for patients. It is to be expected that sub-mm dMRI will allow increasing the super-resolution even further.