Turbo spin echo (TSE) is the most widely used sequence to generate T2-weighted contrast in a wide variety of clinical applications. As fat signal appears hyper-intensive on regular TSE T2-weighted images and the chemical shift artifact can complicate image interpretation, fat-suppression is an integral part of most routine TSE imaging protocols. In cases where fat saturation fails, the Dixon technique is a more robust approach to separate fat and water signals. Dixon technique, which exploits the relative difference in resonance frequencies between fat and water, is insensitive to B0 and B1 inhomogeneities. However, Dixon method requires at least two images with different echo times, which increases TSE echo spacing and TR, and therefore suffering from long acquisition time. Recently, multiband (MB) simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) accelerated TSE has been developed [1-3]. This technique simultaneously excites and acquires multiple slices using multiband RF pulse and separates aliased slice signals using parallel imaging method. Multiband SMS imaging does not have under-sampling associated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss, and multi-slice CAIPIRINHA can improve the anti-aliasing of simultaneously excited multi-slice signals with reduced g-factor penalty [4]. Therefore, slice acceleration may help improve imaging efficiency of TSE Dixon imaging. The purpose of this study was to develop a multiband slice accelerated TSE Dixon sequence and demonstrate the feasibility of SMS TSE Dixon acquisition for improving time efficiency of T2-weighted fat-water imaging.Imaging studies were performed on a Siemens 3.0T clinical MR scanner (MAGNETOM Prisma; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) with a 32-channel receive-only head coil. SMS TSE 2-point Dixon T2-weighted fat-water images were acquired and compared with standard TSE 2-point Dixon images using matched imaging parameters. Multiband RF pulses were generated for SMS excitation and echo refocusing. An integrated low resolution multislice GRE scan was used as the reference scan to calibrate the receiver coil sensitivities [5]. Imaging parameters for the T2-weighted TSE Dixon scans were as follows: TR/TE = 4200/105 ms; FOV = 220×192 mm2, matrix size = 320×280, slice thickness = 3.5 mm, voxel size = 0.7×0.7×3.5 mm3, total slices = 34, axial orientation, 20% slice spacing, excitation/refocusing flip angle = 90º/145º, readout bandwidth = 300 Hz/pixel, ETL = 17, echo spacing = 11 ms; 2 echoes were acquired within each measurement. Slice Accelerated TSE Dixon: slice acceleration factor = 2, with or without CAIPIRINHA FOV shift , 1 acquisition concatenation, TA: 2:30 min; Standard TSE Dixon: 2 acquisition concatenations, TA: 4:54 min. Fat and water images were reconstructed and separated online at the Siemens MR scanner console.Separated T2-weighted fat and water images within a lower (Fig. 1) and an upper (Fig.2) slice, simultaneously acquired with multiband slice accelerated TSE Dixon, exhibit visually identical image quality as compared to those obtained with the standard TSE Dixon. Providing the same image quality, the multiband TSE Dixon only took half the acquisition time of the standard method. Further analyses revealed that including CAIPIRINHA in the multiband slice accelerated TSE Dixon acquisition helped reduce the g-factor noise amplification.Our studies demonstrate, for the first time, that multiband slice accelerated TSE Dixon acquisition at 3T is feasible and holds great potential in accelerating water fat imaging while achieving comparable image quality and separation accuracy as compared with standard acquisitions. Although demonstrated with 2-point TSE Dixon, multiband slice acceleration is also expected to be applicable to multi-echo TSE fat-water imaging. Future work will be focused on the application of this multiband slice accelerated TSE Dixon method to other organs in the body to evaluate the impact of this novel technique on clinical studies.