Debbie Anaby1, Darya Morozov1, Ian D. Duncan2, and Yoram Cohen1,3
1School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Medical Sciences, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Synopsis
Double
pulsed-field gradient (d-PFG) MRI has recently been suggested as an additional
methodology for studying microstructure in the CNS. The Long Evans shaker (les)
rats’ CNS has been previously studied by q-space diffusion (QSI) and more
recently by angular d-PFG MRI. Here, we characterize the microstructure of the les
spinal cords by fitting the angular d-PFG MRI data to the multiple correlation
function (MCF) and extracting the unique parameter L/R ratio and its fractions.
Clearly, the angular d-PFG methodology is capable of distinguishing between the
les and their controls, in white matter and even in some gray matter ROIs.Introduction
Double pulsed-field gradient (d-PFG) MRI has
recently been suggested as an additional methodology for studying
microstructure in the CNS
1-3. Previously we had studied the CNS
of the Long Evans shaker (
les) rats using q-space diffusion MRI (QSI)
4,5.
More recently we have been interested in using the angular d-PFG MRI to study
microstructural changes that occur in the spinal cords of the
les rats, which are considered a
model of dysmyelination. Here, the d-PFG MRI data was fitted to a model from
which the unique parameter L/R ratio and its fractions were extracted.
Methods
MRI experiments were conducted on a
Bruker Avance-III 14.1T scanner, capable of producing pulsed field gradients of
up to 300 G/cm in each direction. Fixed ex-vivo control and les rat
spinal cords of 33 days of age were immersed in PBS overnight and then placed
in 5 mm glass tubes filled with Fluorinert, to assure fiber orientation along
the z-direction. The d-PFG MRI experiments were conducted with a finite mixing
time (t
m) of 12 ms, on five controls and les spinal cords. G
1 was fixed in the x-direction and the orientation of G
2
was varied in the x-z plane (d-PFG
xz) using 13 different values of φ
between 0
o and 360
o. The measurements were conducted
using a d-PFG MRI sequence with EPI readout
3 and with the following
parameters: slice thickness of 800 µm, field of view (FOV) of 4.8x4.8 mm
2, in-plane spatial resolution of 50x50 µm
2, 2 segments, TR/TE=3200/52
ms, δ
1=δ
2=1 ms, Δ
1=Δ
2=15 ms and 120
averages (total acquisition time of ~3 hours). As required for the MCF
analysis, each of the experiments were performed with 5 q-values (824-1030 cm
-1)
in addition to a q=0 experiment. A multiple correlation function (MCF) analysis
was performed using an in-house Matlab code for six chosen ROIs in both the
white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM).
Results and discussion
Figure 1 presents the six ROIs on a
clustered d-PFG MRI image of a control spinal cord (t
m=12 ms). These
include three white matter (WM) ROIs; WM
1, WM
2 and WM
3
and three gray matter (GM) ROIs; GM
1, GM
2 and GM
3.
Figure 2 shows E(φ) profiles and their fitting for four of the six ROIs in representative
33 days old control and les rats. Clearly, the data as well as its
fitting appear to be robust, showing modulations of increased depths beginning
from GM
1 up to WM
3. In both the control and les
spinal cords, the modulations are most pronounced in the WM ROIs, as expected,
due to the organized cylindrical like anisotropic microstructure. The GM ROIs
show less pronounced modulations which are suggestive of the presence of less
anisotropic microstructure. Note that the
les spinal cord shows a more
shallow modulation in most ROIs observed. This is expected due to their
dysmyelination and less organized microstructure. Each of the six ROIs in the
controls and
les spinal cords was analyzed by the MCF, which provided
the L/R ratios and their fractions, as shown in Figure 3. Note that the L/R
distribution is wide and covers most values in both the control and
les
although the L/R fractions are much smaller in the
les. This implies that
the
les spinal cords do comprise of some highly anisotropic
microstructures (mainly in the WM ROIs) similar to the controls, although with much
smaller fractions.
Conclusions
The MCF analysis is capable of
fitting the data from angular d-PFG
xz MRI experiments performed on
controls and
les rat spinal cords. The unique parameter, L/R ratio, is extracted
together with its fraction. The angular d-PFG
xz MRI experiments,
analyzed by the MCF paradigm are capable of distinguishing between the control
and
les rat spinal cords.
Acknowledgements
No acknowledgement found.References
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