Harald Busse1, Josephin Otto1, Alexander Schaudinn1, Nicolas Linder1, Simone Mucha1, Nikita Garnov1, Minh Do2, Roman Ganzer2, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg2, Lars-Christian Horn3, Thomas Kahn1, and Michael Moche1
1Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany, 2Urology Department, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany, 3Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Synopsis
Multiparametric MRI has been
shown to improve the detection and localization of prostate cancer and is therefore
ideally suited for targeting as well. While biopsy guidance in an MRI system typically
requires more efforts and time (30‑120 min) than under ultrasound imaging, MRI provides
unparalleled contrast of the prostate substructures. Diagnostic detection rates
show large variability between patient groups and sites (about 10-60%). With a custom-made
navigation option for a commercial device, any intraprocedural MRI data can be
used for stereotactic real-time biopsy targeting. This work presents navigation
features, indications and clinical biopsy results for a total of 75 patients. Purpose
Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has
been shown to improve the detection and localization of prostate cancer as well
as the discrimination of benign findings (like prostatitis or BPH) and is therefore
ideally suited for targeting as well. While biopsy guidance in an MRI system typically
requires more efforts and time (30‑120 min) [1] than under ultrasound imaging, MRI
provides unparalleled contrast of prostate substructures and biopsy needle. Diagnostic
detection rates show large variability between patient groups and sites but are
widely acceptable (e.g., 8‑59%, median 43% [1]). A custom-made navigation
option for a commercial device allows us to use any intraprocedural MRI data
for stereotactic real-time biopsy targeting. The purpose of this work is to
report on the navigation features, indications and clinical biopsy results for
a total of 75 patients.
Materials and Methods
Seventy patients (52-80 years old, mean 65) with mean
PSA level 12.0 (1.8–60) ng/mL and after 0 to 9 (mean 1.8) negative transrectal
ultrasound-guided biopsies underwent MRI biopsy of the prostate at 3 T
(Magnetom Tim Trio, Siemens). Navigation was used under IRB approval and with
written informed consent. The passive interventional device (DynaTRIM, Invivo,
Gainesville, FL) features two translational and two rotational degrees of
freedom (DOF) and uses an MRI-visible needle guide for transrectal access to
the prostate. Optical and MRI reference markers were added to the setup (Fig. 1)
to accurately register and track the needle guide (6 DOF). Procedural planning and
control was operated from a dedicated navigation PC (Localite GmbH, St.
Augustin, Germany, Fig. 2). Histopathological biopsy results (Gleason Score GS),
intervention times (from first T2W planning to final T2W control series) and complications
were documented.
Results
Stereotactic navigation was used for 61 patients (81.3%).
Marker-based registration was successful in all cases and typically required an
extra 0.5-3 min. The additional in-room hardware did not impair MR image
quality or patient comfort. The operating radiologists considered the real-time
feedback about the virtual needle direction to be helpful for procedural guidance,
in particular for less accessible regions like the apex, lateral mid gland and
basis of the prostate (Fig. 3). Mean intervention time (Fig. 4) for 75 patients
was 59 min (26-124 min, median 57 min) and included 23 patients where two lesions
were targeted (mean time 66 min). Two patients (2.7%) developed a major
complication (urosepsis) and were successfully treated with intravenous antibiotics. The obtained biopsy specimens were diagnostic in all cases. Histopathology
findings were positive in 43 of 75 patients (57.3%) and 46 of 98 targeted lesions
(46.9%) and included 43 prostate cancers (27× GS=3+3, 13× 3+4, 2× 4+3 and 1×
4+4), one high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) and two atypical
small acinar proliferations (ASAP).
Conclusions
The custom-made navigation option integrated
seamlessly into the clinical workflow for MRI-guided prostate interventions. Our
procedures, mainly navigated, are still rather time consuming but also revealed
a relatively high number of prostate cancers. The real-time navigation scene was
found to improve orientation and control, in particular for less accessible
locations in the prostate.
Acknowledgements
No acknowledgement found.References
[1] Overduin CG, Fütterer JJ, Barentsz JO, Curr Urol Rep. 2013;14(3):209-13