Fresh Blood Imaging (FBI) [1-2] scan time can be greatly reduced using variable TR technique for imaging the peripheral artery without contrast infusion [3], in which each slice encoding (SE) and the followed echo train are played in a variable TR (vTR) (TR=n*RR) pattern. In vTR FBI, the lower limit of TR depends on the length and timing of data acquisition, and it is also limited by SAR, which is mostly affected by refocusing flip angle, echo train length, and echo spacing. Often in the case of short TR FSE acquisition, SAR can be an issue for the patient with fast heart rate. To reduce the SAR so that the shortest TR can be enabled for the slice encodings at the kz edge, variable refocusing flip angle (vFA) is proposed in this work. The optimized vTR FBI sequence with vFA was applied on volunteers to achieve a 7-minutes 3 station run-off scan to cover from iliac to calf stations.The study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained. Four volunteers were enrolled and scanned by a Vantage Titan 3T scanner (Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan) equipped with Atlas SPEEDER Spine coil and Atlas SPEEDER Body coil. Followed by the localizer, pelvic, thigh and calf stations were imaged using the proposed FBI sequence with ECG gating. The FBI sequence is modified to incorporate the vTR and vFA functions, i.e., the slice encoding steps at the k-space center have longer TR (increased number of RR intervals) and higher refocusing flip angle and the number of the slice encoding steps with longer TR and/or higher refocusing flip angle can be adjusted. FBI parameters: 3D coronal single shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) with half Fourier in PE direction, TR=2RR with vTR (1 extra RRs for the middle 20% SE steps), TE=60ms, 25-40 slices for each station, slice thickness=3mm, matrix 256X256; FOV 37cmX37cm, parallel imaging factor = 2, refocusing flip angle=140° (160° for the middle 20% SE steps), the acquisition delay times (TDsys and TDdias) were determined by DelayTracker, which is a build-in tool with GUI to automatically calculate systolic and diastolic delay times; and resolution 1.4mmx1.4mm, refined in the RO, PE and SE directions. Fixed TR (TR=3RR) FBI and vTR (TR=2RR+20%3RR) FBI with vFA coronal MIP images at the 3 stations showed comparable arterial image quality across all volunteers and the scored MIP image quality has no significant difference. In terms of arterial signal intensity, the mixture feature of short and long TRs in vTR function offers a signal level between fixed long TR and short TR images, as expected. For the main arteries and smaller branches, vFA has the ability depicting both main arteries with higher refocusing flip angle and smaller vessels with lower refocusing flip angle. vTR+vFA FBI showed higher blood signal intensity than those from the fixed short TR (2RR) FBI, and showed no observable ghost artefacts in the sagittal MIP images (Figure 1). In the volunteer with narrower lumen on iliac arteries, FBI MIP images with and without vTR function can both clearly delineate the narrower lumen at different sites. The 3 station run-off scan for each volunteers using vTR FBI plus vFA can be performed approximately within 7 mins (Figure 2).The proposed vTR method with vFA offers significant scan time and SAR reductions for the FBI scan since the TRs for the slice encoding away from the k-space center are shortened as compared to the fixed long TR scan, and the refocusing flip angles for the slice encoding away from the k-space center are reduced. Compared to fixed TR FBI, the vTR FBI can shorten the total scan time by 20-40%, and vFA can reduce the SAR for the echo train inside the short TR. More advanced vTR and VFA patterns can be added to FBI with the purpose of reducing scan time and SAR while maintaining the arterial blood signal. One needs to note that systolic and diastolic acquisitions of FBI should have the same vTR and vFA setting to minimize the background tissue difference, which is critical to minimize background tissue signal after subtraction. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that 7-mins 3 station peripheral non-contrast MRA is feasible using the improved FBI technique. More volunteer and patient data will be collected to further evaluate the performance of vTR FBI with vFA at 3T.