To assess the effect of temporal resolution on semi-quantitative and pharmacokinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and their diagnostic accuracy regarding the detection of potentially malignant prostate lesions.60 consecutive male patients (age, 64.5 ± 7.0 years) with clinically suspected prostate cancer were included. All patients underwent multi-parametric MRI of the prostate (T2-w, DWI-w and DCE-MRI) on a 3T MRI scanner. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on PI-RADS score of the detected lesions (group A: PI-RADS ≤3, n=30; group B: PI-RADS >3, n=30). For DCE-MRI, a CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST Volume-Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination (CDT-VIBE) sequence was acquired (1). The parameterization of this spoiled gradient echo sequence included a bipolar dual-echo readout with echo times TE1 = 1.51 ms and TE2 = 2.62 ms for water-fat separation using the Dixon method. Therefore, a repetition time of TR = 4.6 ms, an FA of 9°, and a spatial resolution of 3 mm x 1.2 mm x 1.2 mm for a 256 x 144 matrix were chosen. A parallel-acquisition-technique (PAT-) undersampling factor of 2 was applied. Furthermore, TWIST view-sharing was applied, in order to increase temporal resolution between subsequent repetitions. The temporal resolution resulted in 5 s/timepoint. After pre-contrast dual-flip-angle T1 mapping (FA= 2°, 15°), DCE-MRI was acquired in 4:10 minutes (50 phases of 5 s) with body-weight-adapted administration of contrast agent (Gadobutrol, Bayer Healthcare, Berlin, Germany). 6 DCE-MRI series with different temporal resolutions ranging from 5 s to 30 s per timepoint were retrospectively generated from the original datasets (Figs. 1 and 2). Semi-quantitative parameters (i.e. Wash-In, Wash-Out and TTP) as well as pharmacokinetic parameters (i.e. Ktrans, Kep and ve) were calculated for the different temporal resolutions. Student’s t-tests were performed to assess differences of pharmacokinetic parameters between both groups. Repeated-measures (rm-) ANOVA were conducted to compare semi-quantitative and pharmacokinetic parameters from the 6 different DCE-MRI series. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis with areas under the curve (AUC) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%-CI) were used for assessment of diagnostic accuracy of the different series for the differentiation between both lesion groups.A significant effect of temporal resolution was found on Wash-In (p<.001). Series with temporal resolution lower than 10 s/timepoint showed significantly lower Wash-In values with more pronounced effects in group B compared to group A (Fig. 3). For 30s series, the differences between both groups diminished reaching insignificant levels (p=.052), resulting in a significant decrease of the diagnostic accuracy of Wash-In (AUC: .609, 95%-CI .451 – .766;p<.015, Fig. 4). No significant effects were detected on Wash-Out. For TTP, a significant effect of temporal resolution was detected (p<.001) with significantly increasing TTP levels for all down-sampled series compared to the original 5 s series. These effects did not impact the diagnostic accuracy of TTP. No significant effects of temporal resolution were detected on pharmacokinetic parameters (p<.112).In DCE-MRI of the prostate, temporal resolution affects the diagnostic performance of semi-quantitative parameters. For a sufficient detection of malignant prostate lesions on DCE-MRI, a temporal resolution of at least 10 s/timepoint or higher is recommended.