The changes in vertebra subchondral bone and cartilage endplate perfusion of degenerated intervertebral disks :a quantitative DCE-MRI study
Jiao WANG1, Yun fei ZHA1, Dong XING1, Lei HU1, Chang sheng LIU1, Hui LIN2, and Yuan LIN1

1Department of Radiology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University ,Wuhan 430060,China, Wu han, China, People's Republic of, 2GE Healthcare China, Shanghai 200000,China, Shang hai, China, People's Republic of

Synopsis

To explore the relationship between the vertebra subchondral bone (VSB), the cartilage endplate (CEP) perfusion with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). 18 individuals underwent lumbar conventional and DCE-MRI. The cranial and caudal VSB and CEP perfusion parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve) were measured. The VSB perfusion parameters Kep of Pfirrmann I and II, Pfirrmann I and IV, Pfirrmann III and IV,the cranial CEP Kep of Pfirrmann III and II showed significant difference. In the early progress of IVDD, its metabolism increase compensatory, clinical research should put more emphasis on early onset stage of IVDD such as in Pfirrmann II.

Purpose

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the major health problems at the present. Although IVDD is a multifactorial disease, it is generally accepted that limited nutrition is the final common pathway, of which the endplate pathway is the most important nutrition pathway of the intervertebral disc. There are two key structures in this pathway, that is, the vertebra subchondral bone (VSB) and the cartilage endplate (CEP) and recent studies have revealed a positive relationship between CEP perfusion and degenerated discs 1. In this work, we explore the relationship between IVDD and perfusion parameters of both VSB and CEP, based on which quantitative perfusions changes were presented regarding to different Pfirrmann grades.

Methods

90 lumbar discs from 18 individuals (7 male, 11 female, age: 56.72±3.08 years) were evaluated by Dynamic Contrast Enhance Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) sequence of 3D-LAVA-XV (TR/TE = 3.5ms/1.7ms, flip angle 10º) and conventional FRFSE T2WI (TR/TE = 2036.0ms/120 ms), FRFSE T1WI (TR/TE = 503.0ms/11.8ms), respectively. Raw DCE-MRI data were post-processed by the Omni Kinetics software, and the cranial and caudal VSB and CEP perfusion parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve) were measured (as shown in Figure. 1). Final values were obtained by averaging the cranial and caudal perfusion parameters. These 90 lumbar discs were classified according to the conventional Pfirrmann grade system into Pfirrmann I- IV grades. Univariate ANOVA with post-hoc tests (Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test) was employed to judge the difference of the DCE-MRI perfusion parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve) among these grades, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In 90 intervertebral discs, there were 5 Pfirrmann I (5.56%), 27 Pfirrmann II(30.00%), 21 Pfirrmann III (23.33%), 32 Pfirrmann IV (35.56%), 5 Pfirrmann V (5.56%). The parameters Ktrans of Pfirrmann I-V was (0.069±0.057),( 0.276±0.207),(0.150±0.136),(0.227±0.172) and (0.166±0.113) min-1, Kep was (0.545±0.572), (1.267±0.544), ( 0.992±0.500),(1.416±0.555) and (1.165±0.528) min-1, Ve was (0.096±0.040), (0.182±0.087), (0.136±0.075), (0.154±0.090) and (0.134±0.060) %, respectively. The CEP perfusion of parameters Ktrans of Pfirrmann I-V was (0.014±0.024), (0.059±0.099), (0.030±0.047), (0.035±0.034) and (0.023±0.021) min-1, Kep was (0.206 ±0.328), (0.411 ±0.265), (0.225 ±0.131), (0.361 ±0.181) and (0.333±0.208) min-1,Ve was (0.128±0.046), (0.178±0.141), (0.169±0.132), (0.121±0.070) and (0.086±0.048) %, respectively. As shown in Figure. 2,Except for VSB perfusion parameters Kep of Pfirrmann I and II, Pfirrmann I and IV, Pfirrmann III and IV, the cranial VSB perfusion parameters Kep of Pfirrmann I and II, Pfirrmann I and IV, Pfirrmann III and II, Pfirrmann III and IV, the caudal VSB perfusion parameters Kep of Pfirrmann I and II, the cranial CEP Kep of Pfirrmann III and II ,other perfusion parameters Kep,Ktrans and Ve of two different grades had no significant difference observed in VSB and CEP.

Discussion

The results of this study have demonstrated that the VSB perfusion increase in Pfirrmann II and then decrease in Pfirrmann III. It does not show a single change trend in the progress of IVDD. This phenomenon could be interpreted that metabolism compensatory increase occurs in early IVDD, especially in Pfirrmann II. The cranial VSB perfusion is also higher than caudal VSB perfusion. The perfusion in Pfirrmann IV and V increase, it may be influenced by the inflammatory factors. However except for cranial CEP Kep of Pfirrmann II and III,there is no other significant change in CEP perfusion, the limitation of it maybe the scan time in DCE-MRI sequence, CEP attained the peak enhancement only at 2 hours later 2.

Conclusion

In the early progress of IVDD, its metabolism increases for compensation, clinical research should put more emphasis on early onset stage of IVDD such as in Pfirrmann II,and it will then decreases with severe degeneration.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Yunfei ZHA professor and study participants for their help and participation on this study.

References

[1] Muftuler LT, Jarman JP, Yu HJ,at al. Association between intervertebral disc degeneration and endplate perfusion studied by DCE-MRI. Eur Spine J.2015;24(4):679-85.[2] Rajasekaran S, Babu JN, Arun R, at al. ISSLS prize winner: A study of diffusion in human lumbar discs: a serial magnetic resonance imaging study documenting the influence of the endplate on diffusion in normal and degenerate discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(23):2654-2667.

Figures

Figure. 1 cranial and caudal VSB and CEP region of interest (ROI). CEP, which covers the cranial and caudal ends of the disc, VSB (arrow), that is located on both sides of the CEP.

Figure 2a Average DCE-MRI perfusion parameters in VSB and CEP grouped by Pfirrmann grades. The underline represents significant difference in two different Pfirrmann grades.

Figure 2b The cranial DCE-MRI perfusion parameters in VSB and CEP grouped by Pfirrmann grades. The underline represents significant difference in two different Pfirrmann grades.

Figure 2c The caudal DCE-MRI perfusion parameters in VSB and CEP grouped by Pfirrmann grades. The underline represents significant difference in two different Pfirrmann grades.



Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 24 (2016)
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