Synopsis
To explore the relationship
between the vertebra subchondral bone (VSB), the cartilage endplate (CEP)
perfusion with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). 18 individuals
underwent lumbar conventional and DCE-MRI. The
cranial and caudal VSB and CEP perfusion parameters (Ktrans, Kep,
Ve) were measured. The VSB perfusion parameters Kep of Pfirrmann I and II, Pfirrmann
I and IV, Pfirrmann III and IV,the cranial CEP Kep
of Pfirrmann III and II showed significant difference. In the early progress of
IVDD, its metabolism increase compensatory, clinical research should put more
emphasis on early onset stage of IVDD such as in Pfirrmann II.Purpose
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the major health
problems at the present. Although IVDD is a multifactorial disease, it is generally
accepted that limited nutrition is the final common pathway, of which the
endplate pathway is the most important nutrition pathway of the intervertebral
disc. There are two key structures in this pathway, that is, the vertebra
subchondral bone (VSB) and the cartilage endplate (CEP) and recent studies have
revealed a positive relationship between CEP perfusion and degenerated discs
1. In this work, we explore the relationship between IVDD and perfusion
parameters of both VSB and CEP, based on which quantitative perfusions changes
were presented regarding to different Pfirrmann grades.
Methods
90 lumbar discs from 18 individuals (7 male, 11 female, age: 56.72±3.08 years)
were evaluated by Dynamic Contrast Enhance Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI)
sequence of 3D-LAVA-XV (TR/TE = 3.5ms/1.7ms, flip angle 10º) and conventional
FRFSE T2WI (TR/TE = 2036.0ms/120 ms), FRFSE T1WI (TR/TE = 503.0ms/11.8ms),
respectively. Raw DCE-MRI data were post-processed by the Omni Kinetics
software, and the cranial and caudal VSB and CEP perfusion parameters (K
trans,
K
ep, V
e) were measured (as shown in Figure. 1).
Final values were obtained by averaging the cranial and caudal perfusion
parameters. These 90 lumbar discs were classified according to the conventional
Pfirrmann grade system into Pfirrmann I- IV grades. Univariate ANOVA with
post-hoc tests (Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test) was employed to judge the difference of the DCE-MRI perfusion parameters (K
trans, K
ep, V
e)
among these grades, and p<0.05 was considered
statistically significant.
Results
In 90 intervertebral discs, there were 5 Pfirrmann I (5.56%), 27
Pfirrmann II(30.00%), 21 Pfirrmann III (23.33%), 32 Pfirrmann IV (35.56%), 5
Pfirrmann V (5.56%). The
parameters K
trans of Pfirrmann I-V was (0.069±0.057),( 0.276±0.207),(0.150±0.136),(0.227±0.172)
and (0.166±0.113) min-1,
K
ep was (0.545±0.572), (1.267±0.544), ( 0.992±0.500),(1.416±0.555)
and (1.165±0.528) min-1, V
e was
(0.096±0.040), (0.182±0.087), (0.136±0.075), (0.154±0.090) and (0.134±0.060) %,
respectively. The CEP perfusion of
parameters K
trans of Pfirrmann I-V was (0.014±0.024), (0.059±0.099), (0.030±0.047), (0.035±0.034) and (0.023±0.021)
min-1, K
ep was (0.206 ±0.328), (0.411 ±0.265), (0.225
±0.131), (0.361 ±0.181) and (0.333±0.208) min-1,V
e was
(0.128±0.046), (0.178±0.141), (0.169±0.132), (0.121±0.070) and (0.086±0.048) %,
respectively. As shown in Figure. 2,Except for VSB perfusion
parameters K
ep of Pfirrmann I and II, Pfirrmann I and IV, Pfirrmann
III and IV, the cranial VSB perfusion parameters K
ep of Pfirrmann I and II, Pfirrmann I and IV, Pfirrmann III and
II, Pfirrmann III and IV, the caudal VSB perfusion parameters K
ep of
Pfirrmann I and II, the cranial CEP K
ep of Pfirrmann III and II ,other
perfusion parameters K
ep,K
trans and V
e of
two different grades had no significant difference observed in VSB and CEP.
Discussion
The results of this study have demonstrated that the VSB perfusion
increase in Pfirrmann II and then decrease in Pfirrmann III. It does not show a
single change trend in the progress of IVDD. This phenomenon could be
interpreted that metabolism compensatory increase occurs in early IVDD, especially
in Pfirrmann II. The cranial VSB perfusion is also higher than caudal VSB
perfusion. The perfusion in Pfirrmann IV and V increase, it may be influenced by the inflammatory
factors. However except for cranial CEP K
ep of Pfirrmann II
and III,there is no other significant change in CEP perfusion, the limitation
of it maybe the scan time in DCE-MRI sequence, CEP attained the peak
enhancement only at 2 hours later
2.
Conclusion
In the early progress of IVDD, its
metabolism increases for compensation, clinical research should put more
emphasis on early onset stage of IVDD such as in Pfirrmann II,and it will then decreases
with severe degeneration.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Yunfei
ZHA professor and study participants for their help and participation on this
study.References
[1]
Muftuler LT, Jarman JP, Yu HJ,at al. Association between intervertebral disc
degeneration and endplate perfusion studied by DCE-MRI. Eur Spine J.2015;24(4):679-85.[2]
Rajasekaran S, Babu JN, Arun R, at al. ISSLS prize winner: A study of diffusion
in human lumbar discs: a serial magnetic resonance imaging study documenting
the influence of the endplate on diffusion in normal and degenerate discs.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(23):2654-2667.