Stefan HG Rietsch1,2, Stephan Orzada1, and Harald H Quick1,2
1Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, 2High Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
Synopsis
In order to allow for improved SNR and higher
acceleration during image acquisition in the body at 7T, we present a coil with
8Tx/Rx microstrip line elements with meanders and 24Rx loop elements. This coil
comprises 8 building blocks each consisting of one Tx/Rx element and 3
overlapping loops which are actively detuned during transmit. With about
-19 dB reflection and an average decoupling of more than -30 dB, the
SNR can be boosted by about 21% in the abdomen. Evaluation of g-factors as well
as in vivo images of healthy volunteers in both abdomen and heart show
promising results.Purpose
Imaging in the human torso (thorax, abdomen,
pelvis) at 7T MRI is challenging due to inhomogeneous radio frequency (RF)
excitation and limited signal penetration depth. Using multiple transmit channels
and meander elements (ME)
1 are one way to tackle these problems. An
expansion to a higher number of receive coil elements would potentially allow
for higher SNR and acceleration factors
2. In this work we present a RF
coil with 8 transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) channels and 24 receive-only (Rx) channels
(8Tx/32Rx) tailored for body imaging at 7T UHF MRI.
Material
and Methods
Each of the eight building blocks (Figure 1A)
of the 8Tx/32Rx coil consists of one Tx/Rx ME and three Rx loops oriented along
the z-direction. The loops are overlapping and active detuning is provided by PIN
diodes and a serial inductance in parallel to the capacitor close to the
feeding point. Four of the building blocks are positioned in the basis below
the patient (Figure 1B) and another four are tightly fitted on top of the
patient with a belt (Figure 1C). All housings are made of polycarbonate
and rounded edges guarantee optimized patient comfort. Custom made preamplifier
boards enable preamp decoupling for the Rx loops and the connection to the
system is accomplished by Tim cables and connectors (Total Imaging Matrix, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany)
for easy plug and play on the 7T whole-body research MR system (Magnetom 7T,
Siemens Healthcare GmbH). The ME elements are connected to a custom built 8
channel Tx/Rx switchbox.
Results
and Discussion
With Q-ratio values of 2.67 ± 0.10 the
Rx loops work in the body noise dominated regime. Figure 2A depicts the
S-parameter matrix measured for the torso on a male volunteer (179 cm, 70 kg).
Due to the fixed overlap between neighboring loops, the maximum next neighbor
coupling is S12 = -8.7 dB. On average, the coil performs well
concerning reflection (ME: Sxx = -18.1 ± 1.4 dB; loops: Sxx = -19.4 ± 7.1 dB)
and inter element coupling (ME: Sxy = -37.0 ± 8.5 dB;
loops: Sxy = -44.1 ± 11.6 dB). The noise correlation
matrix is given in Figure 2B. The preamplifier decoupling was -9.0 ± 2.4 dB
for the ME and -9.0 ± 2.3 dB for the loops. By dividing SNR maps
obtained with all elements receiving the signal by SNR maps using only the
8 Tx/Rx ME, maps of SNR gain quantify the boost provided by the loops
(Figure 3). Evaluation was critical in the center of the slice because the
sequence used a threshold for low intensity areas. Consequently, it was
difficult to achieve reasonable SNR map values there. If only the areas are
included where a SNR gain is measurable the average gain is about 21%. Quantification
of the additional acceleration capabilities that are offered by the
24 loops are demonstrated in tabular form by a g-factor comparison
(Figure 4) between image acquisition using only the 8 Tx/Rx ME and image
acquisition using the loops in addition. For
example, an acceleration in anterior-posterior (A-P) direction of
R = 2 implies a maximum g-factor of max(g) = 2.31 when only
the ME are used. Adding the loops allows for an acceleration of R = 3
in A-P and an additional acceleration of R = 2 in head-feet (H-F)
direction with a maximum g-factor of max(g) = 2.21. Consequently,
the maximum g-factors max(g) confirm a paramount boost when the loops are included
which can be used to shorten acquisition time or to increase spatial and/or
temporal resolution. In vivo measurements in the pelvis of a healthy volunteer (male,
33y, 176 cm, 80 kg) were acquired in transversal orientation using a 2D HASTE sequence
with TIAMO
3 (1.56x1.56x5 mm
3, TR/TE = 1500/68 ms, nominal
FA = 180°) for acceleration factors of R = 2 (Figure 5A), R = 4 (Figure 5B)
and R = 6 (Figure 5C). As the images show, R = 4 is still applicable
without hampering image quality by folding artifacts. In vivo measurements of
the human heart during breath hold (healthy male volunteer, 39y, 186 cm,
80 kg) using a 2D FLASH sequence (1.0x1.0x3 mm
3, R = 4, TR/TE =
46.6/5.2 ms) show good image quality and homogeneous intensity distribution (Figure 5D,E).
Conclusion
The presented 8Tx/32Rx RF coil offers promising first
in vivo images with increased SNR as well as encouraging acceleration
capabilities. Further evaluation will include image protocol optimization for
high resolution UHF MRI in different body regions (thorax, abdomen, pelvis) and
a comparison to the 8ch Tx/Rx RF body coil
1.
Acknowledgements
No acknowledgement found.References
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