Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) is now increasingly utilized for evaluation of the patient’s response to treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of WB-DWI with integrated slice-by-slice shimming (iShim) in patients with lung cancer.This study was approved by the local ethics committee, and all patients gave written informed consent. 48 patients (40 male and 8 female; mean age, 61.5±9.37 years; age range, 39-76 years) with 30 of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 18 of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were recruited in this study. Tumor histopathology was confirmed with percutaneous needle biopsy conducted by CT or bronchoscope. Patients were examined by MR imaging 1 week before and 3 months after chemotherapy. All MR imaging was performed on a 1.5 T MR scanner (MAGNETOM Aera, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany). Whole-body DWI was performed using a prototype transverse echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence integrated with iShim as the following parameters: TR/TE = 6800/63 ms, slice thickness = 5 mm, matrix =156×156, FOV = 400×400 mm², b values of 50 and 800 s/mm², 25 axial slices per bed position, and 7 bed positions. All images were assessed by two radiologists with 5 and 20 years of experience. The area and ADC values of the central slice on the maximum lung tumors, and the number of lesions with a diameter larger than 1 cm were measured for each patient. Paired t-test was used to compare the area, ADC values and lesion numbers of 1 week before and 3 months after chemotherapy, and student’s t-test was used to compare the changes of indexes between two patient groups.A total of 37 lesions were reported in the 30 NSCLC patients and 23 lesions in the 18 SCLC patients 1 week before chemotherapy. 3 months after chemotherapy, 34 lesions in NSCLC and 23 lesions in SCLC were reduced in area. The ADC values of the main tumor were increased from 1.06±0.21 ×10^-3 mm²/s to 1.16±0.26 ×10^-3 mm²/s in NSCLC patients (P <0.05), and 0.68±0.15 ×10^-3 mm²/s to 0.93±0.26 ×10^-3 mm²/s in SCLC patients (P <0.01). The area in the central slice of the main tumors had no significant changes in NSCLC patients (15.8±10.1 mm² vs. 16.8±12.1 mm²; P >0.05), but reduced significantly in SCLC patients (40.0±15.8 mm² to 14.9±10.2 mm²; P <0.01). The ratio of tumor are before and after chemotherapy was 1.36±0.80 in NSCLC and 0.37±0.12 in SCLC patients (P <0.01), and the ratio of ADC values before and after chemotherapy was 1.11±0.22 in NSCLC and 1.39±0.36 in SCLC patients (P <0.001).Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer with one of the highest mortality rates. NSCLC accounts for about 80% of all lung cancers. WB DWI is a sensitive tool for lesion detection of primary tumors, nodal and distant metastases and yields comparable results to PET/CT. In this study, we found the ADC values were reduced significantly in both NSCLC and SCLC patients, but the tumor area only significantly reduced in SCLC but not NSCLC patients. These results indicated that SCLC is more sensitive to the chemotherapy than NSCLC.WB DWI is a useful tool to evaluate the response of chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer.