A fast spin echo sequence based on the Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction (PROPELLER) technique with motion correction algorithm is the powerful tool against head motion.¹ In the past studies, a high contrast geometric phantom was used to evaluate the PROPELLER technique. However, it is not enough to evaluate its ability to clinical image including low contrast area.² Our purpose is to develop the novel brain phantom including low contrast and to verify its potential to emphasize the motion correction effects in PROPELLER.[The process of making the phantom] A transverse of fast spin echo T₂-weghted image (T₂WI) in basal ganglia (model image) was acquired in a subject (female, 36 years) using 3.0T MRI unit (Achieva 3.0T-TX, Philips, the Netherlands). To achieve low contrasts similar to the brain, profile curves were made in all line on the model image (Fig. 1). Then, the profile curves were flipped vertical and the signal intensities were transformed to depths between 0 to 6 mm, which were rebuild to cross sections of the phantom (Fig. 2). The rebuild data was sent to the 3-D printer (Objet Eden350V, Stratasys, USA), and printed by the plastic (FullCure810 Vero Clear). Then, agarose gel was poured onto the convexo-concave surface on the printed material. Furthermore, a fast spin echo T₂WI of a single slice (6 mm thickness) that was planed to the convexo-concave of the phantom was acquired. The correlation coefficient between the model image and the phantom image was estimated using MATLAB 8.1.604/R2013a (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). [Assessment of motion correction effect] The phantom was set on the driver system, which is the MR-compatible homemade turntable, to produce roll rotations. Then, following two trials were conducted using PROPELLER acquisitions (fast spin echo T₂WI: TR = 4000 ms, TE = 111 ms, slice thickness = 6 mm, MultiVane percentage = 160%, total scan duration = 72 s, number of blades = 18). 1) The phantom was rolled once (10, 30, 60, 90-degrees) at half of acquisition time to show the angular dependency of motion correction. 2) The phantom was rolled back and forth between 0-degree and 30-degree during acquisition to show the frequency dependency of motion correction (1 to 18 times). Figure 3 shows (A) the appearance of the phantom without agarose, (B) theT₂WI of the phantom. The correlation coefficient between the model image and the T₂WI of the phantom was 0.937. Figure 3A shows the images in the angular dependent trial that indicate the difference of two images overlap depending on the angle. The ability to overlap in motion correction algorithm does not work when rolled angle is larger. Figure 3B shows the images in 2, 4, 8, and 16 times in the frequent dependent trial that indicate the difference of image blurring depending on the frequent. As the frequency increased, the blurring increased.Our proposed phantom could achieve signal intensities close to the T₂WI of the human brain including low contrast using partial volume effect in a slice plane. In previous works, basic studies for PROPELLER have been quantitatively and visually evaluated using a high contrast geometric phantom and healthy volunteers who were given instructions to shake their head throughout PROPELLER acquisition. However, there are limitations to healthy volunteers to repeatedly move their heads in almost exactly the same way. This is incredibly inconvenient for understanding the utility of PROPELLER technique in clinical use. Therefore, the phantom with the driver system would allow not only to add the ability to low contrast objects but also to provide exact rotations instead of a healthy volunteer. The making process of the phantom consists of making profile curves, transforming to depths of the convexo-concave, printing using 3-D printer, and pouring agarose. This is the novel phantom making process. T₂WIs of the phantom could demonstrate the potential of showing the angular and frequent dependency of PROPELLER technique. Further investigations using our phantom would help the comparison of different PROPELLER techniques and different scanners (e.g., in multicenter studies) and to improve the robust motion corrected PROPELLER.We developed the novel brain phantom and indicated its potential for the PROPELLER with motion correction.