Zhuo Shi1, Xinming Zhao1, Ouyang Han1, and Lizhi Xie2
1Department Of Imaging Diagnosis,Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing China, Beijing, China, People's Republic of, 2GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, Beijing, China, People's Republic of
Synopsis
DWI plays an important role in detecting
and characterizing liver lesions or tumors. There are three kinds of liver DWI
acquisitions are commonly used in hepatic DWI: breath-hold , respiratory-triggered,free-breathing.
This work compares the advantages and disadvantages of
diagnosing focal liver lesions, to find the best acquisition sequence for
different situations.Purpose
Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) plays an
important role in detecting and characterizing liver lesions or tumors. Due to
respiratory motion, three kinds of liver DWI acquisitions are commonly used in hepatic
DWI: breath-hold (BH), respiratory-triggered (RT) and free-breathing (FB)
[1]. Due to its collection in all phases of the respiratory cycle, the
ADC value obtained by FB DWI is often not accurate. While the BH solves the
issue of respiratory cycle, the NEX is limited by the time of holding breath,
which would lead to a low SNR and hence degrades the clinical value. The RT
acquisition ensures consistent respiratory phase of the DWI data with enough
NEX, however is time consuming which may restrict its widely application
[2].
In this work, those three types of the DWI techniques were tested in the detection
of focal liver lesions to find an optimal option.
Method
One hundred and fifty-two patients with
focal liver lesions underwent routine MR and the breath-hold,
respiratory-triggered and free-breathing DWI scans of the liver on a 3.0 T system
(GE MR750). Single shot SE-EPI sequence based DWI was performed with the
following parameters: axial plane, slice thickness/gap = 6 mm/1 mm, FOV = 36 cm×36
cm, matrix = 128×128. Patients were divided into two
groups with different DWI scanning protocols. Seventy-five of them were
examined by method 1: those three techniques were performed with b values of
100 and 800 s/mm
2 and identical parameters except for signal average
(two for respiratory-triggered, one for breath-hold, and four for
free-breathing). Twenty-four slices were scanned with the whole liver coverage.
The scan time was 20 s for breath-hold, 2 min for respiratory-triggered and 1
min for free-breathing respectively. Another seventy seven patients were
examined by method 2: The scanning parameters of the three techniques are
consistent, the numbers of excitation were fixed to 2,only
ten slices were scanned with the coverage of local lesions. Overall scan times
were controlled in 20 s for breath-hold, 25s for free breathing, 1 min for
respiratory-triggered DWI, b value were still 100 and 800 s/mm
2.
Two radiologists evaluated the image artifacts, subjective image quality
scores, signal-to-noise ratio, and ADC value by using the GE AW4.6 workstation.
The SPSS17.0 statistical software has been used for the data analysis. All the
three DWI images require multiple comparisons, on the basis of Bonferroni
correction, P < 0.0167 was considered statistically significant.
Results
In method 1,the
ADC values of the normal liver parenchyma in three kinds of DWI are not matched
when b = 800 (P < 0.0167), consistency of the performance was moderate (ICC =
0.425). However, the ADC values had no statistical difference when b = 100 (P >
0.0167) and they showed a relative strong consistency (ICC = 0.646). All three
acquisitions, the focal liver lesions’
detection and characterization rates have no statistical differences (P > 0.05).
But the focal lesions’ the ADC values of the three groups showed high
correlation (when b = 800 and 100, the ICC were 0.970 and 0.887, respectively),
and the CNR, SNR of breath-hold is lower than the respiratory-trigger and free-breathing
DWI (P < 0.0167), more details reference to Table.1. In method 2, the three
acquisitions’ lesion detection (90.1 ~ 95.6%) and characterization rate (85.4 ~
89.7%) showed no statistical significant difference (P > 0.05), and the ADC
values of normal liver (b = 800 and 100, the ICC was 0.701 and 0.701,
respectively) and focal lesions (b = 800 and 100, the ICC was 0.947 and 0.947,
respectively) showed high correlation, but the free-breathing DWI’s CNR, SNR
was significantly lower than the respiratory-triggered and breath-hold DWI (P
< 0.0167),more details reference to Table.2.
Discussion and
conclusion
For respiratory-triggered DWI of the 3T
MRI system can achieve higher SNR and CNR, hence it would be most advantageous.
Breath holding is the best choice for patients with focal lesions that whole
liver DWI is to be completed in a short time; for the patients who need to do
the DWI scan to evaluate the lesion and the responds of treatment, the breath-hold
acquisition is optimal.
Acknowledgements
No acknowledgement found.References
[1] Bruegel M, et al. Eur Radiol, 2008, 18: 477-485.
[2] Koh DM, et al. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2007, 6: 211-224.