Time efficiency is paramount in MR examinations, to minimize patient discomfort and cost, and to minimize the likelihood of motion. We present a two-sequence brain examination shorter than 10 minutes that yields 1 mm isotropic maps of proton density (PD), T₁ and T₂ relaxation times, separate water and fat images, and a B0 field map. The examination also provides a low-SNR T₂* map and a functional time-series suitable for coarse, low resolution resting state analysis. In previous work¹ we demonstrated PD and T₁ mapping using a multiple gradient echo (TE), multiple inversion time (TI) MPRAGE sequence (MEMPxRAGE) with inner-loop GRAPPA acceleration and volumetric navigators (vNavs) for real-time motion correction². Here we extend this approach by adding a two-flip-angle balanced SSFP (TrueFISP) sequence, from which T₂ is estimated³. With 1 mm isotropic PD, T1 and T2 maps, many contrasts can be synthesized beyond the original acquisition⁴, and images can be resampled in any plane. We demonstrate that the multiple TE data can be analyzed with the IDEAL algorithm⁵ to extract water and fat volumes⁶ and a B0 field map, at 1 mm isotropic resolution. A volume suitable for automatic cortical and subcortical segmentation by FreeSurfer is generated by combining the data. The vNavs from the MPRAGE sequence are 3D-EPI-based and T₂*-weighted (therefore BOLD-weighted)⁷.The combined protocol was tested with a volunteer, in accordance with the Partners HealthCare IRB. The following two scans were collected on a Siemens 3 T Skyra with a 32 channel head coil: 3D MEMPxRAGE (TR 2530 ms, TE 1.63/3.38/5.13/6.88 ms, TI 1150/2050 ms, flip angle 7°/7°, BW 723 Hz/px, 176 sagittal slices, 256 mm FoV, 1³ mm³ resolution, T_acq 5:39 min:s) with embedded vNavs (TR 20 ms, TE 11 ms, flip angle 2°, BW 4464 Hz/px, 40 sagittal slices, 240 mm FoV, 6³ mm³ resolution) and 3D TrueFISP (TR 7.17 ms, TE 3.59 ms, flip angle 15°/70°, geometry and bandwidth match MEMPxRAGE, T_acq 4:16 min:s).Figure 1 shows PD and T₁ maps, estimated by fitting the observed MEMPxRAGE data (four TEs, two TIs) to a table of predictions generated using a Bloch simulation of the MPRAGE sequence^1,8. From the estimated T₁ data and the two-flip-angle TrueFISP data, the DESPOT2³ algorithm was applied to obtain the T₂ map (also Figure 1). The IDEAL algorithm⁵ was applied to the data (four TEs, first TI) to estimate water and fat signals together with the B0 field map and T₂* map (Figure 2). FreeSurfer^9,10 was applied to the RMS combined volume across TEs and TIs. The surfaces and segmentation are shown in Figure 3. AFNI^11,12 was used to explore the BOLD data in the vNav time series and extract any apparent resting state networks. Figure 4 shows the frontoparietal control network¹³. Figure 5 shows the detected motion and tSNR.The MEMPxRAGE accommodates multiple TIs without affecting acquisition time by using inner-loop GRAPPA acceleration and external reference lines. The multiple TIs provide information for T₁ estimation, and this informs the T₂ estimate using the DESPOT2 approach. In previous work we compared the results with DESPOT1¹. T₂* maps can be estimated as part of the PD/T1 estimation and are also generated by the IDEAL algorithm. In both cases the T₂* maps are very noisy because the TEs are very short compared to the expected T₂* values. The incorrect assumption of a single exponential contributor in each voxel further confounds the T₂* fit, especially because additional short T₂* components are expected. Generally, parameter mapping is limited by the model, although the T₁ maps are relatively stable, and the parameter maps can be used to synthesize arbitrary contrasts. The simplest combination, the RMS average, provided a combined high-SNR volume for FreeSurfer segmentation. Although the vNavs are far from optimal for BOLD imaging (TE and resolution are low), we nevertheless observed fMRI signal and possibly the frontoparietal control network. tSNR maps indicate a combination of thermal and physiologic noise. The vNav protocol and supporting MEMPxRAGE could be modified to further improve BOLD contrast and resolution. Real-time motion correction is implemented in the MEMPxRAGE sequence and could be extended to TrueFISP¹⁴. Additional acceleration could shorten the protocol. This protocol may be useful in clinical populations such as pediatric patients and Alzheimer’s patients requiring morphometry data in a rapid scan session. The fat, water and brain segmentation may be useful in MRI-PET scanners for attenuation correction¹⁵ and partial volume correction of the PET data¹⁶.Multiparameter (PD, T₁, T₂) maps, fat/water separation, B0 mapping, FreeSurfer segmentation and rudimentary functional imaging are possible with a two-sequence protocol.